英語初學(xué)者必看的語法

Lesson1Introduceyourself:I’mArmy.（I’m=Iam）Myname’sBen.(name’s=nameis)Greetpeeople:Hello/Hi.Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.Nicetomeetyou./Nicetomeetyou,too.Thankpeople:Thankyou./Thanks.That’sallright/Youarewelcome.Saysorry:Sorry./I’msorry.That’sallright./Itdoesn’tmatter.Saygoodbye:Goodbye./Bye-bye./Bye.UseclassroomEnglish:Let’slookatUnit4.Let’sread.Let’slearnEnglish.Let’swrite.Let’slookandlisten.(let’s=letus)Question/Answer：What’syourname?Myname’sDale.(what’s=whatis)/I’mDale.Who’sthis/that?It’sKay.(who’s=whois)What’sthis/that?It’sletterA.(it’s=itis)What’sthisinEnglish?It’saclock/It’smilk.Whatcolorisit?It’’sred.Whatletteristhis?It’sX.Listenandreada)Hello!MynameisColinZhang.C-O-L-I-N,Colin;Z-H-A-N-G,Zhang.Thisismyfather,Phlip.Andthismymother,Mona.Look,thisismyEnglishbook.Ilikemybook.IlikeEnglish.b)Lookatthis.It’sapencilcase.It’sorange.It’smypencilcase.What’sinit？Look，thisisapen.It’sblack.Thisisapencil.It’sred.Andthisisapencil,too.It’syellow.Thisisaneraser.It’sbuleandwhite.Mypencilcaseisbigandnice.Ilikeit.c)Lookatthat.It’saphoto.Who’sthatinthephoto?It’sLiuYing.LiuYingisanicegirl.She’sChinese.She’smyfriend.Amyismyfriend,too.She’sEnglish.IlikeAmyandLiuYing.基本語法入門：句子成分:1主語2謂語；3賓語；4表語；5定語；6狀語;7同位語；8插入語；句子分類：1按目的分類：陳述句：疑問句：祈使句：感嘆句：2按結(jié)構(gòu)分類：簡單句：并列句：復(fù)合句：基本句型：主語+不及物動詞Thedooropened.Theylaughed.Thefruitstorehasclosed.Theyhaevebeensinginganddancingfortwohours.主語+不及物動詞+狀語TheylivedinBeijing.Mr.WhitewillbeflyingtoAustralia.3)主語+連系動詞+表語重點：掌握常用連系動詞：be,（是）appear(出現(xiàn)),look,smell,sound,taste,feel（5感官）get,grow,turn,come,become,（5變成），hold,keep,stand,stay,remain,(5保持)Thermotorisoutoforder.Theweathergetswarm.Silkfeelssoftandsmooth.Theplansoundsperfect.Hisdreamcametrue.注意：作表語的一般不能是—ly結(jié)尾的副詞，否則句子不成立。主語+及物動詞+賓語SheteachesEnglish.Heenjoyslisteningtomusic.Themachineisdrillingahole.Theteachercorrectedherpoorpronunciationmorethanonce.主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語此句型中得謂語動詞是帶雙賓語的及物動詞。常見的有：give,bring,tell,send,leae,pass,read,write,take,show,teach,award,lend,rent,buy,pay,hand,recommendThisnewwaysavedusmuchtime.Couldyoudomeafavor,please?Ipaidtherepairmanfiftydollars.Ifoundhimanewtextbook.Canyousparemeafewminutesofyourvaluabletime?Thepresidentawardedhimthefirstprize.主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語此句型中得謂語動詞是可以帶復(fù)合賓語的及物動詞。在復(fù)合賓語中，賓語與其他的補(bǔ)足語之間存在著邏輯上的（即意義上的）主謂關(guān)系。這類及物動詞常見的有：appoint,believe,call,catch,elect,feel,find,like,hear,keep,leave,discover,make,need,prefer,prove,see,warn等Thesunkeepuswarm.Ifindherdifficulttoworkwith.(形容詞或形容詞短語作賓補(bǔ))TheychooseMr.Smithchairman.TheyelectedCharlesPresidentoftheuniversity.(名詞或名詞短語作賓補(bǔ))Thewomancaughtherhusbandreadingherdiary.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作賓補(bǔ))Ipreferyoutostaywithus.(動詞不定式或動詞不定式短語作賓補(bǔ))Youmayleavethechildinmycare.(介詞短語作賓補(bǔ))陳述句：用來敘述或說明事實看法的句子，可以是肯定結(jié)構(gòu)的（肯定句），也可以是否定結(jié)構(gòu)的（否定句）。疑問句：一般疑問句：MayIcomein?DoyoulikeEnglish?助動詞或情態(tài)動詞+主語+其他？特殊疑問句：What’syourname?Whoishe?選擇疑問句：Isitbigorsmall?Areyoucomingornot?反意疑問句：Hecan’tswim,canhe?他不會游泳，是嗎？LiMingwillcometommorow,won’the?Thereisaradioonthetabe,isn’tthere?祈使句：表示請求，命令。它的主語是you(聽話人)，一般不需要說出來。它的謂語動詞一律使用動詞原形。Openthewindow,please.Giveittome.Becareful.感嘆句：表示喜怒哀樂等強(qiáng)烈的感情。一般結(jié)構(gòu)有：What/How+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+其他（與陳述句語序相同）Whatacleverboyheis!他是一個多么聰明的孩子！Whatcoldwaterthisis!多冷的水??！Howwetandcoldtheweatheris！雨這么大，天氣又這么冷!課上習(xí)題：1,Listenandcompletetheconversationsbelowthepictrues.p10a)A:Goodmorning.B/C：____________A:What’syour_____？B:Myname’s________.Andthisismy________.A:Nicetomeetyou.C:Nicetomeetyou,_____.b)A:______________________?B:Myname’s___________.A:Who’sthat?B:It’smy_______.A:__________________?B:It’smy____________.2,Readandcompletetheconversations.A.That’sallright.B.Ok.C.Verygood.D.Sorry,Idon’tknow.E.Bye!F.Thanks.a)A:What’sthisinEnglish？B:Cola.A:__________.b)A:Who’sthat,C