北京市大興區(qū)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末試卷英語試題 附解析

大興區(qū)2022~2023學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末檢測試卷高三英語第一部分知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。OnaSaturdayafternoon,youfindmostkidsoutsideplayinggames.Kidsaremadeforthe___1___,withtheirendlessenergyandtheeasywayinwhichtheymakefriends.It’snot___2___forKameron,anordinary,fun-loving7-year-oldgirlwholovestodrawouttheworld’slongesthopscotch(跳格子)onthesidewalk.Butinbetween___3___,Kamerontakestimetodosomethingspecialforher___4___neighborswhosechildrenhavelongsincelefthome.Kameronfirststartedwavingtothem.Mostofthemsmiledback.ThenKamerondecidedthatsomeofthemneededalittle___5___.Sosheranhome,tookherviolinandmadetherounds.“CanIplayyouasong?”sheasked,afterknockingonthedoor.Gustavsmiledwide.HiswifeVivian,whohashadmusculardystrophy(肌肉萎縮)forover20years,stood___6___,andhaddifficultymovingabout.Itlookedterriblyuncomfortable.They’ve___7___theirdailywalkswithafternoondrives,buteventhosearegettingtoodifficultforVivian.GustavletKameronin,andVivian___8___botharmsofherchairandpulledtoit.OnthetablebesideherwasaphotoofherwithGustavwhentheywereyoungandenergetic.“Wantmetoplayyourfavoritesong?”Kameronasked.“Ofcourse,”Gustavanswered.ItwastheonlysongKameronknew.Thesmallviolin___9___seriouslyunderKameron’schin(下巴).Sheplayedasbestasshecould.VivianbeatherlegtokeeprhythmforKameron.GustavheldVivian’sotherhand.Itwasnottheperformancethatwasmoving,butthe____10____itbrought.1.A.lessons B.outdoors C.classrooms D.experiences2.A.easy B.normal C.different D.necessary3.A.games B.exams C.destinations D.conversations4.A.young B.proud C.elderly D.lovely5.A.pressure B.emotion C.ambition D.pleasure6.A.honestly B.awkwardly C.gratefully D.determinedly7.A.replaced B.linked C.replied D.combined8.A.tookcareof B.tookchargeof C.tookoutof D.tookholdof9.A.rocked B.rested C.jumped D.wandered10.A.styles B.profits C.memories D.adventures【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.C5.D6.B7.A8.D9.B10.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述一個七歲的小女孩為老年夫婦演奏小提琴的故事。這對夫婦生活很孤苦，妻子常年生病，小女孩的演奏給他們帶來了極大的歡樂。【1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：孩子們天生適合戶外活動，他們有無窮的精力和輕松的交友方式。A.lessons課程；B.outdoors戶外；C.classrooms教室；D.experiences經(jīng)驗。由前文“youfindmostkidsoutsideplayinggames”可知，這里應(yīng)講孩子天生適合“戶外”玩。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對于Kameron來說，這并沒有什么不同，她是一個普通的、愛玩樂的7歲女孩，喜歡在人行道上跳世界上最長的跳房子。A.easy容易的；B.normal正常的；C.different不同的；D.necessary必需的。由后文“wholovestodrawouttheworld’slongesthopscotch(跳格子)onthesidewalk”可知，Kameron和其他孩子并沒有什么“不同”，同樣喜歡戶外。故選C項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但在比賽間隙，Kameron花時間為她的年長鄰居做一些特別的事情，他們的孩子早就離開了家。A.games游戲；B.exams考試；C.destinations目的地；D.conversations對話。由前文“wholovestodrawouttheworld’slongesthopscotch(跳格子)onthesidewalk”以及后文可知，Kameron在玩跳房子“游戲”的間隙，她會做一些別的事情。故選A項。【4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但在比賽間隙，Kameron花時間為她的年長鄰居做一些特別的事情，他們的孩子早就離開了家。A.young年輕的；B.proud驕傲的；C.elderly老年的；D.lovely美麗的。由后文“whosechildrenhavelongsincelefthome”和“aphotoofherwithGustavwhentheywereyoungandenergetic”可知，現(xiàn)在她的鄰居已經(jīng)“年老了”。故選C項。【5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后Kameron決定他們中的一些人需要一點樂趣。A.pressure壓力；B.emotion情緒；C.ambition野心；D.pleasure樂趣。由后文“VivianbeatherlegtokeeprhythmforKameron.GustavheldVivian’sotherhand.”可知，Kameron的表演為他們帶去了快樂，所以這里應(yīng)表明她想給別人帶去“樂趣”。故選D項。【6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他的妻子Vivian患有肌肉萎縮癥已經(jīng)20多年了，她站的時候很笨拙，行動不便。A.honestly誠實地說；B.awkwardly尷尬地，笨拙地；C.gratefully感激地；D.determinedly果斷地。由前文“whohashadmusculardystrophy(肌肉萎縮)forover20years”可知，Vivian腿有病，站起來很“笨拙”。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們已經(jīng)用下午開車取代了每天的散步，但即使是這樣，對Vivian來說也變得太難了。A.replaced替換；B.linked連接；C.replied回答；D.combined聯(lián)合。由后文“theirdailywalkswithafternoondrives”可知，散步對他們都困難了，所以他們用開車外出“代替”了散步。replace...with...表“用...代替...”,為固定搭配。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞組辨析。句意：Gustav讓Kameron進來，Vivian抓住椅子的兩端，拖著身子坐在了椅子上。A.tookcareof照顧；B.tookchargeof負責(zé)；C.tookoutof從中取出；D.tookholdof掌握，握住。由前文“stood6”和后文“botharmsofherchair”可知，Vivian剛開始是站著的，這里“握住”椅子的兩端，然后拖著身子坐了上去。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這把小提琴認真地擱在Kameron的下巴下。A.rocked搖；B.rested休息，擱置；C.jumped跳；D.wandered徘徊。由后文“underKameron’schin”可知，Kameron把小提琴“放置”在自己下巴下。故選B項?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：令人感動的不是表演，而是它帶來的回憶。A.styles樣式；B.profits利潤；C.memories記憶；D.adventures冒險。由前文“OnthetablebesideherwasaphotoofherwithGustavwhentheywereyoungandenergetic.”以及結(jié)合文意可知，這里講Kameron的演奏讓他們“回憶”以前年輕沒有生病的快樂日子了。故選C項。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Twodecades____11____(pass)sincenewspaperslaunchedwebsites,andyethereweare.Bigpapershavegoneunder,thousandsofjournalistshavelost____12____(they)jobs,andtheideathatdigitalnewswilleventuallybecomeadecentbusiness____13____(feel)likearumor(謠言).Therealityisthis:nosocialnetworkhascomeclosetomatchingthesuccessofprintreadership.【答案】11.haspassed12.their13.feels【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了報紙行業(yè)的蕭條衰落，即使推出了數(shù)字新聞，也無濟于事?！?1題詳解】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。句意：自從報紙行業(yè)推出網(wǎng)站，二十年過去了。然而我們?nèi)匀煌磺?。根?jù)時間狀語從句“sincenewspaperslaunchedwebsites”可知，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時have/hasdone,主句主語是“Twodecades”表示一段時間，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故填haspassed?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞性物主代詞。句意：報紙巨頭們一蹶不振，成千上萬的記者丟掉工作。根據(jù)“jobs”可知，需要形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞。故填their?！?3題詳解】考查一般現(xiàn)在時。句意：數(shù)字新聞將最終成為體面行業(yè)的想法感覺就像是一個謠言。根據(jù)句意可知，主語是“theidea”，后面接了that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句來解釋說明主語，空格處需填主句的謂語動詞，句子描述的是現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是“theidea”，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。故填feels。B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。WhileLobbyBoytakesitsnamefromacharacterinthefilm,thebanddoesn’twanttobeknownasanythingreductive.Butoneofthefilm’sideasthateveryoneinyourlifehastheincrediblepowertotelltheirownstoryis____14____(amaze).“Inmypersonallife,ItrytorememberthatevenifI’mstrugglingorhavingaconflict____15____someone,nomatterwhattheinteractionis,nomatterhowsmallorlargeitis,thisisastory____16____isunfoldinginfrontofme,”hesays.【答案】14.amazing15.with16.which##that【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了LobbyBoy這部電影中的一個想法。【14題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：但這部電影的一個想法是，你生活中的每個人都有難以置信的能力講述自己的故事，這是令人驚嘆的。分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句的主語是ideas，指物，所以空格處應(yīng)該用-ing結(jié)尾形容詞amazing“令人驚嘆的”，作表語。故填amazing?！?5題詳解】考查介詞。句意：“在我的個人生活中，我試圖記住，即使我在與某人斗爭或發(fā)生沖突，無論互動是什么，無論大小，這都是一個正在我面前展開的故事，”他說。分析句意，再根據(jù)空格前的conflict可知，此處用介詞with構(gòu)成固定搭配haveaconflictwithsb.“與某人有沖突”。故填with?！?6題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：同上。分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是限定性定語從句，先行詞是story，指物，且從句中缺少主語，所以用關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)。故填which或that。C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。After15yearsofworkingtoraiseclimateurgency,I’veconcluded____17____thepublicandworldleadersunderestimatehowrapid,seriousclimateandecologicalbreakdownwillbeifhumanityfails____18____(organize).Theremayonlybefiveyears____19____(leave)beforehumanityexpendstheremaining“carbonbudget”tostayunder1.5℃of____20____(globe)heating.AndtheremayonlybefiveyearsbeforetheAmazonrainforestandalargeAntarcticicesheetpassirreversiblepoints.【答案】17.that18.tobeorganized19.left20.global【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。作者已經(jīng)致力于提高氣候急迫性的工作15年了，他得出結(jié)論：公眾和世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人還是低估了氣候和生態(tài)崩潰的速度和嚴重性，沒有認識到必須把人類組織起來共同抵抗氣候變暖問題?！?7題詳解】考查賓語從句的連詞。句意：在15年致力于提高氣候緊迫性之后，我得出的結(jié)論是，公眾和世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人低估了如果人類不能組織起來，氣候和生態(tài)崩潰將會多么迅速、嚴重。本句謂語動詞為conclude，后接賓語從句，應(yīng)用連詞that。故填that?！?8題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：在15年致力于提高氣候緊迫性之后，我得出的結(jié)論是，公眾和世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人低估了如果人類不能組織起來，氣候和生態(tài)崩潰將會多么迅速、嚴重。此處考查動詞短語failtodosth，意為“做某事失敗，未能做某事”，設(shè)空處為動詞不定式，organize與邏輯主語humanity之間為動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動結(jié)構(gòu)。故填tobeorganized.【19題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：在人類花費剩余的“碳預(yù)算”來將全球升溫控制在1.5℃以下之前，可能只剩下5年了。此處考查非謂語動詞，leave與邏輯主語fiveyears之間為動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞left，意為“剩下”，作后置定語。故填left。【20題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：在人類花費剩余的“碳預(yù)算”來將全球升溫控制在1.5℃以下之前，可能只剩下5年了。設(shè)空處應(yīng)用形容詞global，意為“全球的”，修飾heating，作前置定語。故填global。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AIt’sexcitingwhenyourbookwormteenannounceshisorherplanstobeawriter.Ratherthanbombardthemwithfancypensandmotivationalreading,directthemtoacomfortzone:theInternet.Thesesitesaregreatresourcesandlandingspotsforfuturestorytellers.FigmentSpeciallytailoredfortheteenreader/writer,Figmentisacommunitydedicatedtoreadingandwritingstoriesonline.Addictivelyfun,userscanratestoriesbywhethertheymadethemlaugh,blush,cry,orjustsay“wow.”Thesitefrequentlyrunscontestsandfeaturesworkfromwell-knownauthorsandeditorswhosometimesdropinforFigmentchatswiththesite’scommunity.WattpadItisthelargestonlinereadingplatform,andallowsauthorstosharetheirworkwiththeworld.Well-knownwriterssuchasMargaretAtwoodandCoryDoctorowevenposttheirworkhere.Teenscanfindandfollowtheirfavoriteauthorsandreleasetheirownworksasserialnovels.TeenInkSupportedbythenonprofitYoungAuthorsFoundation,TeenInkisthetwenty-five-yearveteraninthefostering-teen-writersgame.Themagazine,bookseries,andwebsitearedevotedentirelytowriting,art,andphotosbyteens.It’salsoago-toforteensinterestedinwritingandpublishingnonfictionessaysandarticlesaswellaspoetry.OneTeenStoryDirectkidsheretointroducethemtothenonprofit’smonthlymagazine.Eachissuefeaturesoneshortstoryabouttheteenexperience,usuallyfromaknownyoungadultauthor.Teensdrawntotheshortstoryformcanalsosubmittheirworkforconsiderationinanannualissuethatfeaturesastorywrittenbyateenforteens.NaNoWriMoNaNoWriMoisanawesomethirty-dayadventureforanywriter,butteensmightbeespeciallyinclinedtojoin.InNovember,would-benovelistsovertheworldattempttowritea50,000-word(ormore)bookinthirtydays.21.Thepassageisintendedfor_________.A.teachers B.teens C.parents D.writers22.Whichsitesmayprovidethechancetointeractwithrecognizedwriters?A.FigmentandWattpad. B.FigmentandTeenInk.CTeenInkandNaNoWriMo. D.WattpadandOneTeenStory.23.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.OneTeenStoryisanonprofit’sannualmagazine.B.Figmentregularlyfeaturesyoungadultwriters’works.C.NaNoWriMooffersteensathirty-dayadventurearoundtheworld.D.TeenInkisthefirstchoiceofteenswhoarekeenonwritingpoems.【答案】21.C22.A23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。介紹了四個能為那些未來青年作家們提供的擁有絕佳資源的網(wǎng)站。【21題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段中的“It’sexcitingwhenyourbookwormteenannounceshisorherplanstobeawriter.(當你的書蟲青少年宣布他或她成為一名作家的計劃時，這是令人興奮的。)”可知，擁有一個想成為作家的孩子是一件令人激動的事情，由此可以判斷，該文章是寫給家長的。故選C項?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Figment部分的“Thesitefrequentlyrunscontestsandfeaturesworkfromwell-knownauthorsandeditorswhosometimesdropinforFigmentchatswiththesite’scommunity.(該網(wǎng)站經(jīng)常舉辦比賽，并展示著名作者和編輯的作品，他們有時會與網(wǎng)站社區(qū)進行人物聊天。)”和Wattpad部分的“Well-knownwriterssuchasMargaretAtwoodandCoryDoctorowevenposttheirworkhere.Teenscanfindandfollowtheirfavoriteauthorsandreleasetheirownworksasserialnovels.(瑪格麗特·阿特伍德和科里·多克托羅等著名作家甚至在這里發(fā)表了他們的作品。青少年可以找到并追隨他們最喜歡的作家，并發(fā)布他們自己的作品作為系列小說。)”可知，這兩個網(wǎng)站提供了與知名作家互動的機會。故選A項?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)OneTeenStory部分的“Directkidsheretointroducethemtothenonprofit'smonthlymagazine.(直接把孩子們介紹給非營利組織的月刊。)”可知，OneTeenStory是月刊，所以A錯誤；根據(jù)Figment部分中的“Speciallytailoredfortheteenreader/writer,Figmentisacommunitydedicatedtoreadingandwritingstoriesonline.(Figment是專門為青少年讀者/作家量身定制的，是一個致力于在線閱讀和寫作故事的社區(qū)。)”可知，該網(wǎng)站是青少年作家為特色，而不是年輕的成年作家，所以B項錯誤；C項原文沒有提到提供全球30天的adventure，所以C項錯誤；根據(jù)TeenInk部分中的“It’salsoago-toforteensinterestedinwritingandpublishingnonfictionessaysandarticlesaswellaspoetry.(它也是對寫作和出版非小說類文章、文章以及詩歌感興趣的青少年的首選。)”可知，TeenInk是喜歡寫詩歌的青少年的首選網(wǎng)站。故選D項。BManyparentsdreamoftheirchildrengrowingupandseeingtheworld.ButEdithLemayamotheroffourfromCanada,worriedherchildrenwererunningoutoftimetodothat.Whenherfirstchild,Mia,waslittle,shenoticedshewouldbumpintothings.In2018,Miawasdiagnosedwithretinitispigmentosa(色素性視網(wǎng)膜炎).“Whatitdoesisthatthecellintheretinadiesovertimeandtheylosetheirfieldofvision.There’sachancetheywillgocompletelyblindbymidlife,”saidLemay.Thediseaseisgenetic,meaningLemay’sotherkidswereatrisk.Shesoonnoticedtwoofhersons,CollinandLaurent,hadthesamesymptoms.Theyweresoondiagnosed,too.“Ofcourseitwasdevastating(令人極為震驚的).Andwhenyouhaveakid,youalwayshaveanimageofwhattheirfutureisgoingtobelikeandallofasudden,yougetthatnewsandyouneedtoerasethatandthinkitover.Anditreallyisagrievingprocess,”Lemaysaid.Lemaywantedtoprepareherkidsforwhatwastocomeandthoughtaboutfillingtheirvisualmemory.InMarch,Lemay,herhusband,andherfourkidsleftCanadaandembarkedonanepicjourney,travelingtheglobeforawholeyear—showingtheirkidstheworld,beforeitistoolate.DuringtheirtripLemayishomeschoolingherkids.Thefamilyalsomadeabucketlistoffunactivitiestheywanttoaccomplish,soeachkidcanseetheirdreamscometrue.Lemaysaidherkidsarenotonlymakingvisualmemories.They’realsolearningimportantlifelessons,likefocusingonthepositive.“Sometimesthey’retiredandthere’sfrustration.It’sdifficult.Butwiththetravel,Iwantthemtoberesilient.”“Iwantthemtoknowthatanysituationthat’shardistemporary,becausethroughtheirlife,they’llneedlotsofresilience,”shesaid.“They’regoingtoadapttoasituationwiththeireyesightandtheninafewyearslater,they’llloseachunkoftheireyesightsandtheywillhavetoreadaptandadaptagainandfallandgetbackagain,”Lemaycontinued.Manyparentswanttogivetheirkidstheworldandthismomdid.24.Whatriskmaythechildrenfaceinthefuture?A.Theywillbumpintothings.B.Theywillbeunabletogrowup.C.Theymaygetgeneticdisorders.D.Theymaytotallylosetheirsight.25.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?ALemaytriedtoerasethedevastatingnews.B.Thetravelwasnoteasybuthelpedthekidsstaypositive.C.Theparentsfilledtheirkids’visualmemorythroughbooks.D.Thechildrendroppedoutofschoolandwereeducatedathome.26.WhichcanbestdescribeLemay?A.Affectionateandtough. B.Considerateandcommitted.C.Patientandgenerous. D.Sympatheticandsensitive.【答案】24.D25.B26.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道，本文講述了加拿大EdithLemay的孩子們患了遺傳性疾病，最終可能失去視力，父母帶領(lǐng)他們環(huán)球旅行，想讓他們留下美好的視覺記憶，并學(xué)會堅強和樂觀，勇敢面對生活中的挑戰(zhàn)。故事體現(xiàn)了父母對子女的愛?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段““Whatitdoesisthatthecellintheretinadiesovertimeandtheylosetheirfieldofvision.There’sachancetheywillgocompletelyblindbymidlife,”saidLemay.(“它的癥狀是，視網(wǎng)膜中的細胞隨著時間的推移而死亡，他們失去視力。他們有可能在中年時完全失明，”Lemay說。)”可知，孩子們患有遺傳性疾病——色素性視網(wǎng)膜炎，未來有可能完全失去視力。故選D。【25題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的“They’realsolearningimportantlifelessons,likefocusingonthepositive.‘Sometimesthey’retiredandthere’sfrustration.It’sdifficult.Butwiththetravel,Iwantthemtoberesilient.’(他們也學(xué)習(xí)重要的人生課程，比如關(guān)注積極的一面?！坝袝r候他們很累，很沮喪。這是困難的。但通過旅行，我希望他們成為有適應(yīng)能力的?！?”可推斷，旅行不容易但是有助于孩子保持積極。故選B.【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“Lemaywantedtoprepareherkidsforwhatwastocomeandthoughtaboutfillingtheirvisualmemory.InMarch,Lemay,herhusband,andherfourkidsleftCanadaandembarkedonanepicjourney,travelingtheglobeforawholeyear—showingtheirkidstheworld,beforeitistoolate.(Lemay想讓她的孩子們?yōu)榧磳⒌絹淼氖虑樽龊脺蕚?，她想要填滿他們的視覺記憶。今年3月，Lemay和她的丈夫以及她的四個孩子離開加拿大，開始了一場史詩般的旅程，用一年的時間環(huán)游世界，趁一切還來得及，讓他們的孩子們看看世界。)”以及倒數(shù)第二段““Iwantthemtoknowthatanysituationthat’shardistemporary,becausethroughtheirlife,they’llneedlotsofresilience,”shesaid.“They’regoingtoadapttoasituationwiththeireyesightandtheninafewyearslater,they’llloseachunkoftheireyesightsandtheywillhavetoreadaptandadaptagainandfallandgetbackagain,”Lemaycontinued.(她說:“我想讓他們知道，任何艱難的處境都是暫時的，因為在他們的一生中，他們都需要很強的韌性?！盠emay繼續(xù)說:“他們會用視力來適應(yīng)一種情況，幾年后，他們會失去大部分視力，他們必須重新適應(yīng)和適應(yīng)，跌倒，然后再回來?！?”和最后一段“Manyparentswanttogivetheirkidstheworldandthismomdid.(很多父母都想給孩子整個世界，這位媽媽做到了。)”可推斷，Lemay帶著孩子進行世界旅行，讓孩子們在失去視力前看看世界，留下美好的視覺記憶，想教會孩子們面對失去視力帶來的挑戰(zhàn)，因此推斷她對孩子關(guān)愛，體貼入微且充滿奉獻精神的。故選B。CWeallknowthateatinglaterinthedayisn’tgoodforourwaistlines,butwhy?Anewstudyweighedinonthatquestionbycomparingpeoplewhoatethesamefoods—butatdifferenttimesintheday.“Wefoundthateatingfourhourslatermakesasignificantdifferenceforourhungerlevels,thewayweburncaloriesafterweeat,andthewaywestorefat,”Vujovi?said,aresearcheratBoston’sBrighamandWomen’sHospital.“Together,thesechangesmayexplainwhylateeatingisassociatedwithincreasedobesityriskreportedbyotherstudiesandprovidenewbiologicalinsightintotheunderlyingmechanisms.”Thestudyprovidessupportfortheconceptthatcircadian(生理節(jié)奏)rhythm,whichinfluenceskeyphysiologicfunctionssuchasbodytemperatureandheartrate,affectshowourbodiesabsorbfuel,researcherssaid.Thestudydoesshoweatinglaterresultsin“anincreaseinhunger,impactshormones(荷爾蒙)andalsochangesgeneexpression,especiallyintermsoffatmetabolismwithatendencytowardslessfatbreakdownandmorefatdeposition,”saidDr.BhanuPrakashKolla,aprofessorofpsychiatryandpsychologyattheMayoClinicCollegeofMedicineandaconsultanttoMayo’sCenterforSleepMedicineandDivisionofAddictionMedicine.Thestudywassmall—only16overweightorobesepeople—butcarefullyplannedtoeliminateotherpotentialcausesofweightgain,theauthorssaid.“Whiletherehavebeenotherstudiesinvestigatingwhylateeatingassociateswithanincreasedriskforobesity,thismaybethemostwellcontrolled,includingstrictlycontrollingtheamount,compositionandtimingofmeals,physicalactivity,sleep,roomtemperatureandlightexposure,”saidseniorauthorFrankScheer,directoroftheMedicalChronobiologyProgramintheBrigham’sDivisionofSleepandCircadianDisorders.Allparticipantswereingoodhealth,withnohistoryofdiabetesorshiftwork,whichcanaffectcircadianrhythm,andhadregularphysicalactivity.Eachpersoninthestudykepttoastricthealthysleep/wakescheduleforaboutthreeweeksandwereprovidedwithpreparedmealsatfixedtimesforthreedaysbeforethelabexperimentbegan.Resultsshowedthathungerpangsdoubledforthoseonanight-eatingregime.Peoplewhoatelaterinthedayalsoreportedadesireforstarchyandsaltyfoods,meatand,toalesserextent,adesirefordairyfoodsandvegetables.Bylookingattheresultsofbloodtests,researcherswereabletoseewhy:Levelsofleptin,ahormonewhichtellsuswhenwefeelfull,weredecreasedforlateeatersversusearlyeaters.Incomparison,levelsofthehormoneghrelin,whichspikesourappetite,rose.27.Accordingtothepassage,thefollowingmaycontributetotheobesityexcept_________.A.thebreakdownoflessfatB.thechangesingeneexpressionC.theincreaseinthelevelsofleptinD.thedisturbanceofthecircadianrhythm28.InParagraph4,thewriterintendsto_________.A.highlighttheresultsofthestudyB.illustratetheprocessofthestudyC.presentthepurposeofthestudyD.demonstratethereliabilityofthestudy29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spike”inParagraph5mostprobablymean?A.Stimulate. B.Reduce. C.Maintain. D.Control.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Eatinglateaccountsforobesity.B.Obesitycanbewellcontrolledbyeatinglate.C.Whenyoueatisirrelevanttohowfatyouare.D.Eatinglatemayimpacttheexpressionfunction.【答案】27.C28.D29.A30.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，吃飯晚會對我們的饑餓程度、進食后燃燒卡路里的方式以及儲存脂肪的方式都有顯著影響。文章講述了晚進食會導(dǎo)致“饑餓感增加，影響荷爾蒙，還會改變基因表達，特別是在脂肪代謝方面，有減少脂肪分解和增加脂肪沉積的趨勢?！?7題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thestudyprovidessupportfortheconceptthatcircadian(生理節(jié)奏)rhythm,whichinfluenceskeyphysiologicfunctionssuchasbodytemperatureandheartrate,affectshowourbodiesabsorbfuel,researcherssaid.”（研究人員說，這項研究支持了晝夜節(jié)律影響關(guān)鍵生理功能，如體溫和心率，影響我們的身體如何吸收燃料的觀點。）第三段中“Thestudydoesshoweatinglaterresultsin“anincreaseinhunger,impactshormones(荷爾蒙)andalsochangesgeneexpression,especiallyintermsoffatmetabolismwithatendencytowardslessfatbreakdownandmorefatdeposition,””（這項研究確實表明，晚進食會導(dǎo)致“饑餓感增加，影響荷爾蒙，還會改變基因表達，特別是在脂肪代謝方面，有減少脂肪分解和增加脂肪沉積的趨勢?！保┛芍?，吃飯晚會影響基因表達，減少脂肪分解同時影響晝夜節(jié)律，選項C與文意不符，故選C?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thestudywassmall—only16overweightorobesepeople—butcarefullyplannedtoeliminateotherpotentialcausesofweightgain,theauthorssaid.“Whiletherehavebeenotherstudiesinvestigatingwhylateeatingassociateswithanincreasedriskforobesity,thismaybethemostwellcontrolled,includingstrictlycontrollingtheamount,compositionandtimingofmeals,physicalactivity,sleep,roomtemperatureandlightexposure,””（研究人員說，這項研究規(guī)模很小，只有16名超重或肥胖的人，但經(jīng)過精心計劃，消除了體重增加的其他潛在原因。“雖然已經(jīng)有其他研究調(diào)查為什么晚進食會增加肥胖的風(fēng)險，但這可能是控制得最好的，包括嚴格控制進食的數(shù)量、成分和時間、身體活動、睡眠、室溫和光照?！保┛芍?，這項研究盡管參與人員少，但是經(jīng)過精心設(shè)計，消除了體重增加的其他潛在原因。所以本段的目的在于描述這個研究的可靠性。故選D。【29題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前“Bylookingattheresultsofbloodtests,researcherswereabletoseewhy:Levelsofleptin,ahormonewhichtellsuswhenwefeelfull,weredecreasedforlateeatersversusearlyeaters.”（通過觀察血液測試的結(jié)果，研究人員能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的原因：瘦素，是一種能夠告訴我們什么時候感到飽的荷爾蒙。和早進食者體內(nèi)的瘦素相比，晚進食者瘦素水平有所下降。）“Incomparison,levelsofthehormoneghrelin”（相比之下，生長激素釋放肽的水平）及后文中“ourappetite,rose”（我們的胃口，增加了）可推知，此處指“生長激素釋放肽的水平會增加，促進我們的食欲”，所以劃線詞此處指“刺激，促進”，故選A。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Thestudydoesshoweatinglaterresultsin“anincreaseinhunger,impactshormones(荷爾蒙)andalsochangesgeneexpression,especiallyintermsoffatmetabolismwithatendencytowardslessfatbreakdownandmorefatdeposition,””（這項研究確實表明，晚進食會導(dǎo)致“饑餓感增加，影響荷爾蒙，還會改變基因表達，特別是在脂肪代謝方面，有減少脂肪分解和增加脂肪沉積的趨勢。”）可知，晚進食會改變基因表達，特別是在脂肪代謝方面，有減少脂肪分解和增加脂肪沉積的趨勢，可推知，晚進食會導(dǎo)致肥胖。故選A。DAutomation(自動化)wasahottopic.Nearlyeveryoneagreedthatpeoplewouldbeworkinglessoncecomputersandotherkindsofautomaticmachinerybecamewidespread.Foroptimists,thiswasapromiseofliberation:Atlasthumanitywouldbefreedfromconstanttoil,andwecouldalldevoteourdaystomorerefinedpursuits.Butotherssawathreat:Millionsofpeoplewouldbethrownoutofwork,anddesperatemasseswouldroamthestreets.Lookingbackfrom50yearshence,thecontroversyoverautomationseemsaquaintandcuriousepisode.Thedisputewasneverresolved.A.J.Hayes,aleader(andnorelationtome),wrotein1964:Automationisnotjustanewkindofmechanizationbutarevolutionaryforcecapableofoverturningoursocialorder.Whereasmechanizationmadeworkersmoreefficient—andthusmorevaluable—automationthreatenstomakethemsuperfluous(過剩的)—andthuswithoutvalue.TheopinionsIhavecitedhererepresentextremepositions,andtherewerealsomanymilderviews.ButIthinkit’sfairtosaythatmostearlystudentsofautomation,includingbothcriticsandenthusiasts,believedthenewtechnologywouldleadusintoaworldwherepeopleworkedmuchless.Asforeconomicconsequences,worriesaboutunemploymenthavecertainlynotgoneaway—notwithjoblossesinthecurrentrecessionapproaching2millionworkersinourcountryalone.Butrecentjoblossesarecommonlyattributedtocausesotherthanautomation,suchascompetitionfromoverseasoraroller-coasterfinancialsystem.Inanycase,thevisionofaworldwheremachinesdoalltheworkandpeoplestandidlybyhassimplynotcometopass.Thespreadofautomationoutsideofthefactoryhasaltereditssocialandeconomicimpactinsomecuriousways.Inmanycases,theneteffectofautomationisnotthatmachinesaredoingworkthatpeopleusedtodo.Insteadwe’vedispensedwiththepeoplewhousedtobepaidtorunthemachines,andwe’velearnedtorunthemourselves.Thesetrendscontradictalmostalltheexpectationsofearlywritersonautomation,bothoptimistsandpessimists.Sofar,automationhasneitherliberatedusfromtheneedtoworknordeprived(剝奪)usoftheopportunitytowork.Instead,we’reworkingmorethanever.Whatabouttradesclosertomyownvitalinterests?Willsciencebeautomated?Technologyalreadyhasacentralroleinmanyareasofresearch;forexample,genomesequencescouldnotbereadbytraditionallab-benchmethods.Replacingthescientistwillpresumablybealittleharderthanreplacingthelabtechnician,butwhenamachineexhibitsenoughcuriosityandtenacity,Ithinkwe’lljusthavetowelcomeitasacompanioninzealousresearch.Andifthescientistiselbowedasidebyanautomaton,thensurelythesciencewritercan’tholdouteither.I’mreadyformy15-hourworkweek.31.InParagraph1,thewritermainlywantstoconveythat________.A.automationresultsinunemploymentB.automationdoesmoreharmthangoodC.theissueofautomationwasstillindiscussionD.automationbringsinmuchconvenienceinlife32.AccordingtoJ.Hayes,wecaninfer_________A.automationismorevaluablethanwhatweimagineB.automationisarevolutionaryforcetobetterdevelopmentC.thedisadvantagesofautomationfaroutweightheadvantagesD.thenewtechnologywouldleadpeopleintoworkingmuchless33.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardautomationonjobs?A.Doubtful. B.Supportive. C.Disapproving. D.Neutral.34.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A.Peopleneedn’tworksohardduetoautomation.B.Traditionallaborforcewillbereplacedinthenearfuture.C.Automationshouldbeacceptedreasonablyindevelopment.D.Automationresultsinmorejoblossesinthewriter’scountry.【答案】31.C32.B33.D34.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了人們對于生活中自動化的評價及看法。【31題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Nearlyeveryoneagreedthatpeoplewouldbeworkinglessoncecomputersandotherkindsofautomaticmachinerybecamewidespread.Foroptimists,thiswasapromiseofliberation:Atlasthumanitywouldbefreedfromconstanttoil,andwecouldalldevoteourdaystomorerefinedpursuits.Butotherssawathreat:Millionsofpeoplewouldbethrownoutofwork,anddesperatemasseswouldroamthestreets.Lookingbackfrom50yearshence,thecontroversyoverautomationseemsaquaintandcuriousepisode.Thedisputewasneverresolved.(幾乎每個人都同意，一旦計算機和其他種類的自動化機器普及，人們的工作量就會減少。對于樂觀主義者來說，這是一種解放的承諾：最終，人類將從不斷的勞動中解放出來，我們都可以把我們的時間投入到更精致的追求中去。但其他人看到了一個威脅：數(shù)百萬人將失去工作，絕望的群眾將漫步街頭。從50年前開始回顧，圍繞自動化的爭論似乎是一個古怪而奇怪的插曲。爭端從未得到解決)”可知，自從自動化產(chǎn)生，人們對于其孰優(yōu)孰劣的爭論一直持續(xù)不斷。由此可知，本段主要想表達的內(nèi)容是自動化的問題仍在討論中。故選C?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Automationisnotjustanewkindofmechanizationbutarevolutionaryforcecapableofoverturningoursocialorder.Whereasmechanizationmadeworkersmoreefficient—andthusmorevaluable—automationthreatenstomakethemsuperfluous(過剩的)—andthuswithoutvalue.(自動化不僅是一種新型的機械化，而且是一種能夠顛覆社會秩序的革命力量。機械化使工人更有效率，因而更有價值，而自動化則使他們變得多余，因而沒有價值)”可推知，根據(jù)J.Hayes的說法，自動化是更好發(fā)展的革命性力量。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Sofar,automationhasneitherliberatedusfromtheneedtoworknordeprived(剝奪)usoftheopportunitytowork.Instead,we’reworkingmorethanever.