河北省保定市2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期10月期中摸底調(diào)研考試英語(yǔ)試題 含解析

2024年高三摸底考試英語(yǔ)試題注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.WhatwillJanedothisevening?A.Gotothelab.B.Gotoaconcert.C.Attendalecture.2.Wherearethespeakers?A.Onaflight.B.Attheairport.C.InLondon.3.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A.Toreserveatable.B.Toaskaboutaparty.C.Tocancelanappointment.4.HowdoesBobfeelabouthiscoffeeshop?A.Disappointed.B.Anxious.C.Satisfied.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.WeChatMoments.B.Aweekendplan.C.Anewfriend.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Receptionistandguest.B.Husbandandwife.C.Bossandsecretary.7.Whichroomwillthemanstayinfor2moredays?A.Room1216.B.Room1218.C.Room1618.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whydoesthemanrecommendthehybridcar?A.Itiseconomical.B.Itisbig.C.Itisfast.9.Whatkindofcardoesthewomanchoose?A.AnSUV.B.Avan.C.Ahybridcar.10.Howmuchshouldthewomanpayintotalforaday?A.$14.95.B.$37.25.C.$52.2.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatisprobablytheman?A.Atourist.B.Astaffmember.C.Asalesperson.12.Whyisphotographynotpermittedaccordingtotheman?A.Toprotecttheexhibits.B.Tosavepeople’stime.C.Toavoiddisturbingothers.13.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Gotothesouvenirshop.B.VisittheexhibitonEgypt.C.Getaguidebookofthemuseum.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.WhatimpressedJensenmostwhenshefirstcametoChina?A.Cultureshock.B.TheChineselanguage.C.Thelongjourney.15.WhendidJensenmovetoBeijing?A.In2016.B.In2017.C.In2018:16.WhatdoesJensensayaboutherChinesefriends?A.They’rehelpful.B.They’resuccessful.C.They’reopen-minded.17.WheredoesJensengetinspirationsfrom?A.HerexpenencesinManila.B.ThecityofBeijing.CThepeopleshemeets.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Hostingaprogram.B.Reportingastudy.C.Teachingaclass.19.WhatmakesthesightsinHungarymoreattractiveaccordingtothespeaker?A.Itssmallsize.B.Itslonghistory.C.Itsuniquefolkart.20.Whyaretheremanyillustrationsinthebook?A.Tohelpthereadersunderstandthetextbetter.BToprovideaconvenientformatforvisitorstoHungary.C.TopresentapictureofHungaryfor“armchairtravelers”.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AREADINGCOMPREHENSION,WRITING,ANDPUBLICSPEAKINGENRICHMENTPROGRAMGRADES:2-3,4,5-6,and7-8PROGRAMOFFEREDONLINEANDIN-PERSONATMARKHAM,MISSISSAUGA,ANDNORTHYORKCAMPUSESCOST:$2,000|DATES:September2024toJune2025PowerofWordsAcademyoffersacomprehensiveenrichmentprograminreadingcomprehension,writing,andpublicspeakingforstudentsinGrades2-8.Runningthroughouttheschoolyear,fromSeptembertoJune,classesareheldonceaweekfor1.5hours,makingitconvenientforstudentswithbusyschedules.Thisprogramisavailablebothonlineandin-person,offeringflexibilityforstudentsacrossmultiplelocations.Theprogramcomprisesofthreeunits:ReadingComprehensionandSummarizingUnit(wherestudentswilllearnhowtoexaminetextsandidentifythemainideasandkeydetails)WritingUnit(wherestudentslearnthestructureofwritingfourtypesofessays,includingexpository,persuasive,comparativeandcontrastandresearchessays)PublicSpeakingandDebateUnit(wherestudentslearnhowtowriteanddeliveraspeech,aswellasdevelopdebateskills)Inaddition,20minutesofeachclassduringtheschoolyearisfocusedonthebuildingblocksofwriting(includingvocabulary,grammar,sentencestructure,etc.).Studentsaregiventwomini-lessonsandworkoutoftheLanguagePowerNowworkbooksduringthissection.Aninitialpaymentof$100isdueonregistration,andtheremainingfeeof$1,900ispayableoverfourpaymentsovertheschoolyear.1.Whichofthefollowingshowstheflexibilityoftheprogram?A.Studentscanattendclassesonlineorinpersonatdifferentlocations.B.Theprogramallowsstudentstochangeclasstimeseachweek.C.Theprogramisavailableinthesummerandduringtheschoolyear.D.Studentscanchoosebetweenal-hourand1.5-hourclassduration.2.Whatsectionofeachclassisspecificallyfocusedonbuildingblocksofwriting?A.Theentireclass. B.20minutes.C.30minutes. D.1hour.3.Howwillstudentspayfortheprogram?A.$100initialpaymentonregistration,then$1,900paidin4payments.B.$100initialpaymentonregistration,thenthefull$1,900paidatonce.C.Thetotal$2,000ispaidonregistration.D.Thetotal$2,000isdividedinto4equalpayments.【答案】1.A2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)閱讀、寫作和演講培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)正文第一段中“Thisprogramisavailablebothonlineandin-person,offeringflexibilityforstudentsacrossmultiplelocations.(該課程提供在線和面對(duì)面兩種形式，為不同地點(diǎn)的學(xué)生提供靈活性。)”可知，學(xué)生可以在線上課，也可以在不同地點(diǎn)上課，顯示了該計(jì)劃的靈活性。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Inaddition,20minutesofeachclassduringtheschoolyearisfocusedonthebuildingblocksofwriting(includingvocabulary,grammar,sentencestructure,etc.).)”可知，每個(gè)班級(jí)有20分鐘專門關(guān)注寫作的基石。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Aninitialpaymentof100isdueonregistration,andtheremainingfeeof$1,900ispayableoverfourpaymentsovertheschoolyear.(注冊(cè)時(shí)支付100美元的首期費(fèi)用，其余1900美元的費(fèi)用在整個(gè)學(xué)年分四次支付。)”可知，注冊(cè)時(shí)需支付100美元的初始費(fèi)用，其余1900美元可在學(xué)年分四次支付。故選A。BMaslowsaid,“Ifyouhaveahammer...theneverythingyou’llseeisanail.”Basically,whenweacquireoraregivenaspecifictoolorskill,wetendtobeinfluencedbyitsfunctionandusefulness-leadingustoseeopportunitiestousethattoolorskilleverywhere.Thiscreatesatendencythatlimitscreativeproblem-solvingbymakingusrelytoomuchonwhatweknow,evenwhenit’snolongeruseful.In1949,WagnerDodgeledtheSmokeJumpers,afirst-classfirefightingteam,tobattleawildfireinMontana.Theconditionsquicklyworsenedasstrongwindsandintenseheatturnedthefireintoadeadlyforce,makingasafewithdrawaltheonlyoption.Dodgerealizedthattheheavily-equippedteamcouldn’toutrunthefire,sohemadeaquick,unconventionaldecision.Withflamesclosingin,Dodgeorderedhisteamtodroptheirheavyequipmenttoescapefaster.Butthecrewseemedunableorunwillingtofollowhislead.Afterall,theyneededtheirtoolstofightfire,didn’tthey?Dodgethendidsomethingsounexpectedthathiscrewthoughthe’dlosthismind.Hetookouthismatchesandbegantosetfiretothegrassinfrontofhim,causingasecondfiretospringup.AsthistechniquewassomethingthatoccurredtoDodgeonthespotandnotsomethingtaughtintraining,thecrewdidn’tseemtounderstandwhathewasdoingandnoonefollowedhim.Theycontinuedtofleefromthefire,whichwasclosinginatanestimated30milesperhour.Afterwhatmusthaveseemedaneternitybutwasinrealityjustacoupleofminutes,Dodge,despitesomeinjuriesfromthefreshashes,survivedbylyinginthenewlyburntarea,but13ofhismentragicallydied,unabletoletgooftheirtoolsandtrustDodge’sdesperate,life-savingstrategy.4.WhydoestheauthormentionMaslow’squoteaboutthehammerandnail?A.Toshowthattoolsareessentialinallproblem-solvingsituations.B.Toexplainhowpeoplebecomeoverlyreliantonfamiliartoolsandmethods.C.Toemphasizetheimportanceofgoodtrainingforadangeroussituation.D.TosuggestthattherighttoolscouldhavesavedDodge’screw.5.WhatwasDodge’sunusualdecisionafterassessingthespeedofthefire?A.Hewantedtobetheonlyonetowithdrawsafely.B.Heapproachedtheflameswithlittleequipment.C.Heorderedhiscrewtodropthefire-fightingequipment.D.Heprovidedhiscrewwithunconventionalequipment.6.WhydidDodge’screwfailtofollowhisleadofcausingasecondfire?A.Theydidn’ttrusthimbecausehehadlosttheirrespectearlier.B.TheyweretootiredtocomprehendDodge’sinstructions.C.Thefiredidnotspreadasquicklyastheyhadanticipated.D.Theycouldn’tgrasphisnewapproachasitwasn’tpartoftheirtraining.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eternity”meaninthelastparagraph?A.Amomentofintenserelief. B.Asenseofendlessness.C.Averyshortperiodoftime. D.Alifelongmemoryoftheevent.【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了道奇在野火中沒(méi)有過(guò)于依賴工具，最終及時(shí)逃生，而過(guò)度依賴工具的隊(duì)員卻不幸遇難?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Maslowsaid,“Ifyouhaveahammer...theneverythingyou’llseeisanail.”Basically,whenweacquireoraregivenaspecifictoolorskill,wetendtobeinfluencedbyitsfunctionandusefulness-leadingustoseeopportunitiestousethattoolorskilleverywhere.Thiscreatesatendencythatlimitscreativeproblem-solvingbymakingusrelytoomuchonwhatweknow,evenwhenit’snolongeruseful.(馬斯洛說(shuō)：“如果你有一把錘子……然后你看到的一切都是釘子?！被旧?，當(dāng)我們獲得或獲得一種特定的工具或技能時(shí)，我們往往會(huì)受到其功能和有用性的影響，從而使我們看到在任何地方使用該工具或技能的機(jī)會(huì)。這就產(chǎn)生了一種傾向，使我們過(guò)于依賴我們所知道的東西，即使這些東西不再有用，也會(huì)限制創(chuàng)造性的問(wèn)題解決。)”可知，作者提到馬斯洛關(guān)于錘子和釘子的引言是為了解釋人們是如何過(guò)度依賴熟悉的工具和方法的。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Dodgerealizedthattheheavily-equippedteamcouldn’toutrunthefire,sohemadeaquick,unconventionaldecision.(道奇意識(shí)到這支裝備精良的隊(duì)伍無(wú)法逃離大火，所以他做出了一個(gè)迅速而非常規(guī)的決定。)”以及第三段中“Withflamesclosingin,Dodgeorderedhisteamtodroptheirheavyequipmenttoescapefaster.(隨著火焰逼近，道奇命令他的小隊(duì)放下重型裝備，以便更快地逃生。)”可知，道奇在評(píng)估了火勢(shì)的速度后，他做出的不尋常的決定是命令隊(duì)員扔掉消防設(shè)備。故選C。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Butthecrewseemedunableorunwillingtofollowhislead.Afterall,theyneededtheirtoolstofightfire,didn’tthey?(但隊(duì)員們似乎不能或不愿聽(tīng)從他的指揮。畢竟，他們需要工具來(lái)滅火，不是嗎？)”和第四段“Dodgethendidsomethingsounexpectedthathiscrewthoughthe’dlosthismind.Hetookouthismatchesandbegantosetfiretothegrassinfrontofhim,causingasecondfiretospringup.AsthistechniquewassomethingthatoccurredtoDodgeonthespotandnotsomethingtaughtintraining,thecrewdidn’tseemtounderstandwhathewasdoingandnoonefollowedhim.(然后道奇做了一件意想不到的事，他的隊(duì)員們都以為他瘋了。他拿出火柴，開(kāi)始在他面前的草地上點(diǎn)火，引起了第二場(chǎng)大火。由于這個(gè)技巧是道奇當(dāng)場(chǎng)想到的，而不是訓(xùn)練中教的，所以隊(duì)員似乎不明白他在做什么，也沒(méi)有人跟著他。)”可知，道奇的隊(duì)員沒(méi)有跟隨的原因是他們無(wú)法理解道奇的新方法，因?yàn)檫@不是他們訓(xùn)練中教的內(nèi)容。故選D?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段中“butwasinrealityjustacoupleofminutes,Dodge,despitesomeinjuriesfromthefreshashes,survivedbylyinginthenewlyburntarea,but13ofhismentragicallydied,unabletoletgooftheirtoolsandtrustDodge’sdesperate,life-savingstrategy.(但實(shí)際上只有幾分鐘，盡管道奇被新燃燒的灰燼弄傷了一些，但他躺在新燃燒的地方幸存了下來(lái)，但他的13名手下不幸喪生，他們無(wú)法放下自己的工具，也無(wú)法相信道奇不顧一切的救命策略。)”可知，這段危險(xiǎn)時(shí)期看似漫長(zhǎng)但實(shí)際上只有幾分鐘的時(shí)間，所以此處eternity指的是“漫長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間”，即“一種無(wú)盡的感覺(jué)”。A.Amomentofintenserelief一瞬間的巨大解脫；B.Asenseofendlessness無(wú)盡的感覺(jué)；C.Averyshortperiodoftime很短的時(shí)間；D.Alifelongmemoryoftheevent對(duì)事件的終生記憶。故選B。CSalvadorDali,agreatpainter,hadastrangewayofrefreshinghismind-somethinghecalled“slumberwithakey”.Inhisbook,hedescribedhowitworked.“Youmustseatyourselfinanarmchair.Inyourlefthand,youholdaheavykey,hangingaboveaplate.Then,youwillhavemerelytoletyourselfprogressivelyfallintoapeacefulafternoonsleep.Asyoufallasleepgradually,thekeywillslipfromyourfingersandclang(叮當(dāng)作響)ontheplate,awakeningyou,”hewrote.NowDali’smysterious-soundingmethodhasbeendocumentedbyscience.“Weshowthatthisperiodbetweenwakeandsleepisveryinspiringforcreativity-andnapping(打盹)withanobjectinhandmighthelptotapintothiscreativesweetspot,”saidDelphineOudiette,asleepresearcherattheParisBrainInstitute.Oudietteandhercolleaguesconductedanexperiment-103volunteerswereaskedtocompleteaseriesofmathproblems.Unbeknowntotheparticipants,therewasaquickshortcuttosolvethem.ThevolunteerswereaskedtocopyDali’smethodbutpinching(捏)aplasticbottlewiththeirfingertipsratherthanakey.SometookaDali-stylemicronap,somenappedlonger,andothersdidn’tnapatall.Afterwards,theresearchersaskedallthevolunteerstosolvethemathproblemsandfoundvolunteerswhotookmicronapswerenearlythreetimesaslikelytofigureouttheproblem-solvingtrick,comparedtothosewhodidn’tnapatall.Thosewhosleptforlongerperiodsactuallydidworsethanboththosewhobrieflysleptandthosewhostayedawake.Theresearchersthinkinthisstage,youhavethebestofthetwoworlds:sleepandwake.Soyoulosecontrolofyourthoughtsandhavelooseassociations-makedistantassociationsbetweendifferentmemories-andthatcouldbehelpfulforcreativity.Meanwhile,youkeepsomeawarenessthatmighthelpyourecognizewhenyouhaveagreatidea.Oudiettesaysthenextstepofherworkwillinvolverepeatingtheexperimentwithothercreativetasksbeyondmathproblemstoknowmoreaboutthemechanism-andmaybetrytoteachpeopletoreachthiscreativesweetspot.8.HowdoesSalvadorDali’s“slumberwithakey”methodwork?A.Byencouragingcreativitywhilewe’rehalfasleep.B.Bystrengtheningmemoryinarelaxedstate.C.Byimprovingsleepingqualitywithakeyinhand.D.Bystayingawaketohaveapeacefulafternoonsleep.9.WhatcanwelearnabouttheexperimentofOudiette?A.Thevolunteerswereaskedtosolveamathproblem.B.ThevolunteersdidthesameasDalihaddone.C.Thevolunteerstakingashortersleepdidbest.D.Thevolunteerssleepinglongergottheanswersfaster.10.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Thesubjectsoftheexperiment.B.Thepurposeoftheexperiment.C.Thefindingsoftheexperiment.D.Thetheoreticalanalysisoftheexperiment.11.WhatwillOudiettedoinherfollow-upwork?A.Researchintonappingwithdifferenttasks.B.Conductmoreexperimentsonmathproblems.C.Studythemechanismofvariousnapping.D.Teachpeoplehowtocompletecreativetasks.【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了薩爾瓦多·達(dá)利的“帶鑰匙小睡”方法及科學(xué)驗(yàn)證。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“SalvadorDali,agreatpainter,hadastrangewayofrefreshinghismind-somethinghecalled“slumberwithakey”.Inhisbook,hedescribedhowitworked.“Youmustseatyourselfinanarmchair.Inyourlefthand,youholdaheavykey,hangingaboveaplate.Then,youwillhavemerelytoletyourselfprogressivelyfallintoapeacefulafternoonsleep.Asyoufallasleepgradually,thekeywillslipfromyourfingersandclang(叮當(dāng)作響)ontheplate,awakeningyou,”hewrote.(偉大的畫家SalvadorDali有一種奇特的提神方法——他稱之為“帶鑰匙小睡”。在他的書中，他描述了它是如何工作的。“你必須坐在扶手椅上。你左手拿著一把很重的鑰匙，掛在一個(gè)盤子上面。然后，你只需要讓自己逐漸進(jìn)入一個(gè)寧?kù)o的下午睡眠。當(dāng)你逐漸入睡時(shí)，鑰匙會(huì)從你的手指滑落，并在盤子上叮當(dāng)作響，喚醒你?！?”和第二段中““Weshowthatthisperiodbetweenwakeandsleepisveryinspiringforcreativity-andnapping(打盹)withanobjectinhandmighthelptotapintothiscreativesweetspot,”saidDelphineOudiette,asleepresearcherattheParisBrainInstitute.(巴黎大腦研究所的睡眠研究員DelphineOudiette說(shuō)：“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在清醒和睡眠之間的這段時(shí)間非常能激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力，而拿著東西打盹可能有助于進(jìn)入這個(gè)創(chuàng)造性的最佳點(diǎn)。”)”可知，SalvadorDali的“帶鑰匙小睡”方法的工作原理為在我們半睡半醒的時(shí)候促進(jìn)創(chuàng)造力。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Afterwards,theresearchersaskedallthevolunteerstosolvethemathproblemsandfoundvolunteerswhotookmicronapswerenearlythreetimesaslikelytofigureouttheproblem-solvingtrick,comparedtothosewhodidn’tnapatall.Thosewhosleptforlongerperiodsactuallydidworsethanboththosewhobrieflysleptandthosewhostayedawake.(隨后，研究人員要求所有志愿者解決數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題，發(fā)現(xiàn)小睡一會(huì)兒的志愿者解決問(wèn)題的可能性是完全不午睡的志愿者的近三倍。那些睡眠時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的人實(shí)際上比那些短暫睡眠和保持清醒的人表現(xiàn)更差。)”可知，睡眠時(shí)間較短的志愿者表現(xiàn)最好。故選C?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段“Theresearchersthinkinthisstage,youhavethebestofthetwoworlds:sleepandwake.Soyoulosecontrolofyourthoughtsandhavelooseassociations-makedistantassociationsbetweendifferentmemories-andthatcouldbehelpfulforcreativity.Meanwhile,youkeepsomeawarenessthatmighthelpyourecognizewhenyouhaveagreatidea.(研究人員認(rèn)為，在這個(gè)階段，你擁有兩個(gè)世界中最好的：睡眠和清醒。因此，你失去了對(duì)自己思想的控制，產(chǎn)生了松散的聯(lián)想——在不同的記憶之間建立遙遠(yuǎn)的聯(lián)系——這可能有助于創(chuàng)造力。與此同時(shí)，你保持一些意識(shí)，這可能會(huì)幫助你意識(shí)到你什么時(shí)候有一個(gè)好主意。)”可知，本段主要介紹了實(shí)驗(yàn)的理論分析，故選D。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Oudiettesaysthenextstepofherworkwillinvolverepeatingtheexperimentwithothercreativetasksbeyondmathproblemstoknowmoreaboutthemechanism-andmaybetrytoteachpeopletoreachthiscreativesweetspot.(Oudiette說(shuō)，她的下一步工作將包括在數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題之外的其他創(chuàng)造性任務(wù)中重復(fù)這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，以了解更多關(guān)于這個(gè)機(jī)制的知識(shí)，并可能試圖教會(huì)人們達(dá)到這個(gè)創(chuàng)造性的最佳點(diǎn)。)”可知，Oudiette在她的后續(xù)工作中將會(huì)研究不同任務(wù)的小睡情況，故選A。DFortheprecisetimekeeper,onlyanatomicclockwilldo.Whilethebestquartz(石英)timepieceswillloseamillisecondeverysixweeks,anatomicclockmightnotloseathousandthofoneinadecade.SuchdevicesareaccurateenoughtodriveeverythingfromGPSandtheinternettostock-markettrading.However,researchersarenowworkingonasuccessor:thenuclearclock.EkkehardPeik,apioneerinthefield,sayssuchaclockcouldbe1,000timesmoreaccuratethantoday’satomicclocks.Atomicclocksworkbyexcitingtheelectronsaroundanatom’snucleus(原子核)withincomingradiationofaspecificfrequency,witheachwavecyclecorrespondingtoa“tick.”Nuclearclockswouldfunctionsimilarlybutwouldusethetransitionsofneutronsandprotons(中子和質(zhì)子)insidethenucleus.Themostpromisingcandidatenucleusisthorium-229,whichuniquely,hasanucleartransitionthatlasers(激光)shouldbeabletoactivate.Theexactfrequencyatwhichthisoccurs,however,haslongbeenunknown.ResearchersChuankunZhangandJunYe,fromtheUniversityofColoradoinBoulder,bypassedthischallengebydevelopingacustom-builtlasercapableofgeneratingarangeoffrequenciesaroundtheexpectedtransitionpoint.Whentheyfireditatthetarget,oneparticularlightstreammatchedthenucleartransitionfrequency.Althoughthesystemneedsoptimization,Zhangsays,“It’sthefirstdemonstrationthatallthecomponentsofanuclearclockarehere.”Becauseatomicclocksarealreadymorethanaccurateenoughformostpracticaluses,scientistsarenotaimingtoreplacethem.Instead,theyaremoreinterestedintheadvantagesofhavingtwoindependentmethodsformeasuringtime,asbeyondprecisetimekeeping,nuclearclockscouldhavebroaderapplicationsinfundamentalphysics.OnepotentialuseisintestingEinstein’stheoryofrelativity,whichsuggests,amongotherthings,thatclocksshouldtickmoreslowlyinstrongergravitationalfields.Ifnuclearclocksshowanydifferencesintheirresponsecomparedtoatomicclocksundersuchconditions,itcouldmotivatearethinkingofthesewell-establishedtheories.12.Whatdoweknowaboutatomicclocks?A.Theyarelessaccuratethanquartztimepieces.B.Theyareaccurateenoughfornearlyallpracticalusestoday.C.Thedifferencebetweenatomicandquartzclocksisinsignificant.D.TheyarenotreliableenoughfortechnologieslikeGPSorstocktrading.13.WhatbreakthroughdidChuankunZhangandJunYeachieve?A.Theypredictedtheexactfrequencyofthethorium-229nucleartransition.B.Theydiscoveredanewtypeofnucleartransitioninthorium-229.C.Theybuiltalasertotargetfrequenciesnearthetransitionpoint.D.Theyusedamicrowave-basedlasertomeasurethethorium-229transition.14.ThetextsuggeststhatEinstein’stheoriesofrelativitymightneedrevisionif______.A.atomicclocksstopworkingaccuratelyinstronggravityB.nuclearclocksprovetobemoreaccuratethanatomicclocksC.scientistsdiscoveranewforcebeyondthenuclearandelectromagneticforcesD.nuclearclockstickdifferentlyinstronggravitycomparedtoatomicclocks15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheEndofAtomicTime:ANewClockRedefiningPrecisionB.TheNewAgeofTimekeeping:FromQuartztoAtomicClocksC.TheNuclearRevolution:AClockThatChangedOurUnderstandingofTimeD.TheTestofTime:ANewClockChallengingtheLawsofPhysics【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了新型核時(shí)鐘的研發(fā)將重新定義時(shí)間精度。12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Fortheprecisetimekeeper,onlyanatomicclockwilldo.Whilethebestquartz(石英)timepieceswillloseamillisecondeverysixweeks,anatomicclockmightnotloseathousandthofoneinadecade.SuchdevicesareaccurateenoughtodriveeverythingfromGPSandtheinternettostock-markettrading.(對(duì)于精確計(jì)時(shí)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，只有原子鐘才能做到。最好的石英表每六周會(huì)損失一毫秒，而原子鐘每十年可能不會(huì)損失千分之一毫秒。這些設(shè)備足夠精確，可以驅(qū)動(dòng)從GPS和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)到股票市場(chǎng)交易的一切)”可知，原子鐘對(duì)于幾乎所有實(shí)際應(yīng)用來(lái)說(shuō)都已經(jīng)足夠準(zhǔn)確了。故選B。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“ResearchersChuankunZhangandJunYe,fromtheUniversityofColoradoinBoulder,bypassedthischallengebydevelopingacustom-builtlasercapableofgeneratingarangeoffrequenciesaroundtheexpectedtransitionpoint.(來(lái)自博爾德科羅拉多大學(xué)的研究人員張傳坤和葉軍繞過(guò)了這一挑戰(zhàn)，他們開(kāi)發(fā)了一種定制的激光器，能夠在預(yù)期的過(guò)渡點(diǎn)周圍產(chǎn)生一系列頻率)”可知，二人制造了一種能夠針對(duì)接近轉(zhuǎn)變點(diǎn)的頻率的激光。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ifnuclearclocksshowanydifferencesintheirresponsecomparedtoatomicclocksundersuchconditions,itcouldmotivatearethinkingofthesewell-establishedtheories.(如果在這種條件下，核時(shí)鐘與原子鐘的反應(yīng)有任何不同，就可能促使人們重新思考這些已經(jīng)確立的理論)”可知，如果核時(shí)鐘在強(qiáng)引力場(chǎng)中的反應(yīng)與原子時(shí)鐘不同，那么愛(ài)因斯坦的相對(duì)論可能需要修正。故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)第一段中“However,researchersarenowworkingonasuccessor:thenuclearclock.EkkehardPeik,apioneerinthefield,sayssuchaclockcouldbe1,000timesmoreaccuratethantoday’satomicclocks.(該領(lǐng)域的先驅(qū)EkkehardPeik說(shuō)，這樣的時(shí)鐘可能比今天的原子鐘精確1000倍)”可知，本文主要講述了新型核時(shí)鐘的研發(fā)將重新定義時(shí)間精度。A選項(xiàng)“TheEndofAtomicTime:ANewClockRedefiningPrecision(原子時(shí)間的終結(jié)：一種重新定義精度的新時(shí)鐘)”符合題意。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。There’slittlescientificagreementonhowmuchmoneyisenoughtomakehumanshappy.____16____Afterthat,higherincomesdon’tnecessarilyleadtogreaterhappiness.Butotherresearchfindsnosuchcutoffpoint.Moneymaynotbeapathtoabsolutejoy,butitcancertainlyhelp.Hereareafewresearch-supportedsuggestionsonhowtogetthemosthappinessoutofyourspending:●EXPERIENCESMAKEUSHAPPIERTHANTHINGSCornellUniversitypsychologyprofessorGilovichsaysthatbuyinganexperiencewillprobablyresultinmorehappinessthanbuyingnewthings.____17____That’sgreatforsurvivingafteramajornegativechangeorthelossofasenselikesightorsmell.Butthatadaptationisnotsohelpfulifyou’relookingtoenhanceyourwell-being.Humanswillsoongetusedtoanewdiningtableorafanciercar.Butexperiencesremainnovel-andconnectustootherpeople.Beyondthat,ourtendencytocomparematerialobjectsisgreaterthanourtendencytocompareexperiences.It’seasytocomparethesizeofahouseorthepriceofclothing.____18____“Youbuildyourexperiencearoundyou,”saysGilovich,whichmeansyougetyourown,uniquememoriestotreasureandyourownsocialconnectionstodevelop.●TIMEISWORTHTHEMONEYDon’twanttocleanyourbathroom?Hatecleaningoutthecar?____19____A2017studypublishedinPNASfoundthatbuyingtimeforactivitiesyouenjoybringsconsistentemotionalrewards.●SPENDONOTHERSLikespendingonexperiences“prosocial”spendinghelpsbuildsocialconnections.____20____SocialpsychologistLaraAkninnotesthatgivingcreatesapositivecycle.Shesays,“Givingtoothersmakesushappy.Thehappieryouare,themorelikelyyouaretodoitagain.”A.Butexperiencesareoftenmorepersonal.B.Thisincludesgivingtocharityortreatingafriend.C.Thatdoesn’tmeanmoneycansolveallone’sproblems.D.Foronething,humanshaveahabitofadaptingtonewsituations.E.Mostpeoplefallintooneofthetwogroups,theresearchersfound.F.One2010studysuggestsanannualincomeof$75,000isthemagicnumber.G.Ifyoucanaffordtobuyyourwayoutofthetasksyoumostdislike,youshould.【答案】16.F17.D18.A19.G20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了金錢與幸福感之間的關(guān)系，并提供了幾條基于研究的建議，幫助人們通過(guò)合理消費(fèi)獲得更多的幸福感?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“There’slittlescientificagreementonhowmuchmoneyisenoughtomakehumanshappy.(關(guān)于多少錢才足以讓人快樂(lè)，科學(xué)界幾乎沒(méi)有一致意見(jiàn))”可知，本空需要引出關(guān)于金錢與幸福關(guān)系的一個(gè)具體觀點(diǎn)或研究，因此選項(xiàng)F“One2010studysuggestsanannualincomeof$75,000isthemagicnumber.(2010年的一項(xiàng)研究表明，年收入75000美元是一個(gè)神奇的數(shù)字)”介紹2010年的一項(xiàng)研究，能承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。【17題詳解】根據(jù)下文“That’sgreatforsurvivingafteramajornegativechangeorthelossofasenselikesightorsmell.Butthatadaptationisnotsohelpfulifyou’relookingtoenhanceyourwell-being.Humanswillsoongetusedtoanewdiningtableorafanciercar.Butexperiencesremainnovel-andconnectustootherpeople.(在經(jīng)歷了重大的負(fù)面變化或失去視覺(jué)或嗅覺(jué)等感官后，這對(duì)生存是很有幫助的。但如果你想提高幸福感，這種適應(yīng)并不是很有幫助。人類很快就會(huì)習(xí)慣新的餐桌或更漂亮的汽車。但體驗(yàn)仍然是新奇的，并將我們與其他人聯(lián)系起來(lái))”可知，本空需要引出人類對(duì)新情況的適應(yīng)這一話題，選項(xiàng)D“Foronething,humanshaveahabitofadaptingtonewsituations.(一方面，人類有適應(yīng)新環(huán)境的習(xí)慣。)”能引起下文，符合邏輯。故選D?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Beyondthat,ourtendencytocomparematerialobjectsisgreaterthanourtendencytocompareexperiences.It’seasytocomparethesizeofahouseorthepriceofclothing.(除此之外，我們的傾向比較物質(zhì)對(duì)象大于比較經(jīng)歷。比較房子的大小或衣服的價(jià)格是很容易的)”可知，前文介紹了物質(zhì)的比較，本空應(yīng)談?wù)摻?jīng)歷與物質(zhì)對(duì)象的不同之處。A選項(xiàng)“Butexperiencesareoftenmorepersonal.(但經(jīng)歷往往更個(gè)人化。)”能承接上文，指出了經(jīng)歷與物質(zhì)對(duì)象的不同之處，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Don’twanttocleanyourbathroom?Hatecleaningoutthecar?(不想打掃浴室？討厭清理汽車？)”可知，本空需要給出對(duì)這些問(wèn)題的建議或解決方案。G選項(xiàng)“Ifyoucanaffordtobuyyourwayoutofthetasksyoumostdislike,youshould.(如果你有能力用金錢擺脫你最不喜歡的任務(wù)，你應(yīng)該這樣做。)”給出了一個(gè)實(shí)際的建議，能承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Likespendingonexperiences,“prosocial”spendinghelpsbuildsocialconnections.(與體驗(yàn)消費(fèi)一樣，“親社會(huì)”消費(fèi)有助于建立社會(huì)聯(lián)系)”可知，本空需要解釋什么是“親社會(huì)”消費(fèi)。B選項(xiàng)“Thisincludesgivingtocharityortreatingafriend.(這包括捐給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)或招待朋友。)”解釋了“親社會(huì)”消費(fèi)的具體內(nèi)容，能承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。SarahhadbeenplanningherdreamvacationtoItalyforyears.Shehadsavedup,carefullyplannedhertrip,and____21____everythingsheneeded.WhenshefinallyarrivedinRome,shewasfilledwith____22____-untilshediscoveredthatherluggage(行李)hadbeenlostintheprocessofbeing____23____.Panicsetinassherealizedthatallherclothes,andcarefullyselectedpersonalcareitemsforthetripwere____24____.Withnochoicebuttowaitfortheairlineto____25____herbags,Sarahhadtomakedowiththefewitemsshehadinhercarry-on.She____26____asimplesetofclothesfromalocalshopanddecidedtogooutand____27____thecity,tryingtomakethebestofthesituation.AsshewanderedthroughthenarrowstreetsofRome,somethingunexpectedhappened.Withoutthe____28____ofherluggageandallthematerialthingsshehadbrought,Sarahfoundherselfmorepresentinthe____29____.Shestruckup______30______withlocals,triedfoodsshemighthave______31______overlooked,anddiscoveredhiddenwondersthatwer