語法專題It的用法

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載語法專題：It的用法考情分析與命題趨勢綜觀近幾年的高考英語試題，it句型的考查頻頻出現(xiàn)，成為比較重點的知識點。以下我們結(jié)合歷年高考試題，將it的常見考點作一歸納分析。試題注重情景的設(shè)置，需要利用特點語言環(huán)境中上下文的聯(lián)系，正確分析結(jié)構(gòu)，理解句意是做此類題目的關(guān)鍵。命題的熱點集中于以下幾個方面:1.it/that/one用法區(qū)別。2.作形式主語或形式賓語（主要代替v-ing,，todo或從句）。3.用于強調(diào)句或固定句型（itis/was…when/since/before…）中。4.考查it構(gòu)成的習(xí)語，it也常表示抽象的情況,屬于虛指.如:Takeiteasy。二、it的用法總結(jié)（一）作人稱代詞(1)代替前面或后面提到過的東西或事情。Thisisanewdictionary.Iboughtityesterday.Althoughwecannotseeit,thereisairallaroundus.Tomjoinedthearmylastmouth.Doyouknowaboutit?Theysayhehaslefttown,butIdon'tbelieveit.(2)代替指示代詞，起著this或that的作用?！狪sthisyourcar?—No,itisn’t.—What’sthat?—It’savideo—Whoseroomisthis?—Itistheirs.(3)用來指身份不明的人，還可指不明性別的嬰兒?！猈ho’sthere?—It’sme.(It’sJohn)—Goandseewhoitisthatrings.—It’sBill.—Someoneisknockingatthedoor,Peter.Whoisit?—It'sme.—Whoaresinging?—Itisthechildren.—Thelightisstilloninthelab.—Itmustbethethird-yearstudentsdoingtheexperiment.TheGreenshaveanewbaby.It’slovely.Thebabycriedbecauseitwashungry.(4)it與one的區(qū)別：這兩個詞都可以代表前面說過的名詞，但it用于同名同物的場合；one則用于同名異物的場合，相當(dāng)于a/an+單數(shù)名詞，表泛指概念?！狣oyoustillhavethebicycle?—No,Ihavesoldit.—Isthisknifeyours?—No.ItisXiaoZhang's.Mineistheoneonthedesk.(5)it與that的區(qū)別：兩詞都可代替某一特定名詞，但that指同一類，并非同一個，相當(dāng)于the＋單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞。TheclimateofSouthChinaismild（溫和的）;Ilikeitverymuch.（it指theclimateofSouthChina）TheclimateofSouthChinaismuchbetterthanthatofJapan.（that指theclimate）（二）作無人稱代詞it作無人稱代詞時，除了句中找不到它所代表的詞語外，另一個特點是它后面的內(nèi)容都是表示時間、距離、天氣、量度，價值等。It’sSundaytoday.Itis/hasbeenthreemonthssincehecamehere.Itis／hasbeenthreeyearssincewesaweachother

last.Itwassometimebeforeherealizedthetruth.ThefieldresearchwilltakeJoanandPaulaboutfivemonths;itwillbealongtimebeforewemeetthemagain.ItwasSeptemberwhenwebeganourseniorhighschool.This／That／Itis／was／willbethefirst／second／thirdtimethat…該句型意為“這是／那是／這將是某人第某某次干某事了”。當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞用is時，從句謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時；當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞用was時，從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時；當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞用willbe時，從句的謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時（表示將來）。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavespokentoaforeigner．ThecoupletoldusitwasthefourthtimethattheyhadvisitedWestLake．Itis（high）timethatsb.didsth.該句型表示“某人現(xiàn)在該做某事了”,從句常用過去時（虛擬語氣）說明現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該做的事情。It’ssixo’clock.Itishightimethatwewenthome

now.HowfarisittotheGreatWall?Itisfine(rainy,windy,etc.).It’sgettingdark.Itiseighteensquaremetersinarea.—Howmuchisthecoat?—It’sninetydollars.（三）作形式主語或形式賓語（主要代替todo，v-ing,或從句）。為了使句子平衡，常采用形式主語（或賓語）it，而把真正的主語（或賓語）置于句子后面。作形式主語。[1]代替不定式短語。=1\*GB3①Itis＋adj.（＋forsb.／sth.）＋todosth.用于此句型的形容詞有：easy,hard,difficult,possible,important,impossible,necessary,good,bad,exciting,Interesting,surprising等。如：Itisnecessarytochangeyourjob.Itwasveryhardforthemtowalksuchalongwayin

thesnow.=2\*GB3②Itis＋n.（＋forsb.／sth.）＋todosth.用于此句型的名詞有：pity,shame,pleasure,one’sduty,one’s

job,fun,joy,goodmanners,badmanners等。Itisapityforyoutohavemissedsuchawonderful

play.Itisbadmannersfortheyoungtotakeuptheseats

fortheold.=3\*GB3③Itis＋adj.＋ofsb.＋todosth.

此句型中的adj.主要描述某人的品德、特征。能用于該句型的形容詞有：

kind,nice,wise,silly,polite,impolite,friendly,foolish,clever等。Howsillyitwasofyoutogiveupsuchagood

chance！Itisfriendlyofthefamilytotrytomakemefeel

athomeintheirhouse.=4\*GB3④Ittakessb.＋一段時間＋todosth.表示“做某事花費某人多長時間”。如：Ittakeshalfanhourtogothereonfoot.Ittookushalfanhourtoridetothetownbythe

sea.=5\*GB3⑤Itisuptosb．todosth．該句型意為“該由某人負責(zé)干某事”。Itisuptoyoutolookafterthechildren．Whoisitup____thefirstcompany____isrunbythestate？A．totakechargeof；whichC．fortotakechargeof；thatB．tototakechargeof；thatD．tototakingchargeof；which[2]代替動名詞短語。Itis＋adj.（＋n.）＋doingsth.此句型中的形容詞和名詞常見的有：no／littleuse,no／muchgood,useless等。It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.It’snogoodsmoking.It’sworthwhileworkingthewholenightontheproblem.[3]代替主語從句。=1\*GB3①Itis／was＋形容詞／名詞＋that從句。ItisquiteimportantthatChinabecomeanofficialmemberofWTO．Itisnecessarythatyouaskyourparentsforhelpwhenyouareintrouble.Itisourdutythatweservethepeopleheartandsoul.=2\*GB3②Itis＋及物動詞的過去分詞＋that從句此句型中常見的及物動詞的過去分詞有：said,told,known,reported,recorded,thought,believed,considered等。ItisknownthatTaiwanispartofChina．ItisreportedthattheRussianPresidentwillvisit

Chinanextweek.=3\*GB3③It＋不及物動詞＋that從句

此句型中不及物動詞常見的有：seem,happen,appear,matter等，意為“似乎／看起來/碰巧…”。Itseemsthateveryonehasknownthenews.Itseemsthattherewillbeaheavysnowtomorrow.IthappenedthatImetmygoodfriendsinthemuseum

yesterday.Itdoesn’tmatterwhatyoudo.(07福建)It’snoneofyourbusiness____otherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.AhowBwhatCwhichDwhen(2)作形式賓語。[1]代替不定式短語。Iconsideritbettertobeearly.WefounditimpossibletogettherebeforeJuly.(2006全國I)Thechairmanthought____necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.AthatBitCthisDhim(2006湖南卷)AsthebusiestwomaninNorton,shemade____herdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople’saffairsinthattown.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it[2]代替動名詞短語。Wethoughtitnousedoingthat.[3]代替賓語從句。Theteachermakesitclearthateveryoneshouldhandinhishomeworkontime.WethoughtitstrangethatMr.Smithdidnotcomelastnight.Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.（因為介詞on之后一般不直接接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。）（四）作強調(diào)詞，構(gòu)成強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。用以幫助改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)，使句子的某一成分受到強調(diào)。"Itis(was)+所強調(diào)的成分+that(who)+其它成分。強化訓(xùn)練1.Mybikeismissing.Ican'tfind____anywhere.A.oneB.onesC.itD.that2.----Who'sthat?----____ProfessorLi.A.That'sB.It'sC.He’sD.This's3.____wasJanethatIsawinthelibrarythismorning.A.ItB.HeC.SheD.That4.----Haveyoueverseenawhalealive?----Yes,I'veseen____.A.thatB.itC.suchD.one5.Thecolorofmycoatisdifferentfrom____ofyours.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one6.____willdoyougoodtodosomeexerciseeverymorning.A.ItB.ThereC.ThoseD.You7.Wethink____ourdutytopaytaxestoourgovernment.A.thatB.thisC.itsD.it8.TheclimateofShanghaiisbetterthan____ofNanjing.A.thatB.itC.whichD.what9.____fouryearssinceIjoinedtheArmy.A.TherewasB.ThereisC.ItwasD.Itis10.Howlong____tofinishthework?A.you'lltakeB.you'lltakeitC.willittakeyouD.willtakeyou11.ItwasthroughXiaoLi____IgottoknowXiaoWang.A.whoB.whomC.howD.that12.Itwasinthericefields____wehadourleaguemeeting.A.whereB.thatC.inwhichD.onwhich13.ItwasonOctober1st____newChinawasfounded.A.whichB.whenC.asD.that14.Wasitbecausehewasill____heaskedforleave?A.andB.thatC.that'sD.so15.Maryspeaksinalowvoice;____isdifficulttoknowwhatsheissaying.A.itB.thatC.soD.she16.Itwas____ImetMr.GreeninShanghai.A.manyyearsthatB.manyyearsbeforeC.manyyearsagothatD.manyyearswhen17.____isnoteverybody____candrawsowell.A.It,allB.It,thatC.There,whoD.There,that18.So____thatnofishcanliveinit.A.shallowisthelakeB.thelakeisshallowC.shallowthelakeisD.isthelakeshallow練習(xí)一、1~5CBADB6~10ADADC11~15DBDBA16~18CBA名校試題1.（安徽師大附20XX年第一次模擬考試，29）Weallthought______aquestion________wecouldraiseenoughmoneyfortheproject.A.that;thatB.it;whetherC.it;thatD.that;whether【解析】it做形式賓語，代替后文的從句；問題是是否能籌集到足夠的錢，故應(yīng)用whether。2.（20XX年浙江省第二次五校聯(lián)考，8）Howlongdoyouthink___________theMicrosoftbringsoutanewproduct?A.itwillbebefore B.willitbeuntilC.willitbewhen D.itwillbethat【解析】本句是一個特殊疑問句，前面有doyouthink插入語，應(yīng)該用陳述語序，因此排除BC，根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)該是“微軟公司研制出一種新產(chǎn)品需要花費多長時間”，不是考查強調(diào)句型，因此應(yīng)選A3.（寧夏銀川一中20XX屆高三年級第三次模擬考試，23）---DoyouhaveNewConceptEnglishⅥinyourshop?---Yes,butnomorethanonecopy.Wouldyouliketotake______?A.itB.themC.someD.one【解析】根據(jù)句意可以得知，店中只有一本了，故用it表示上文出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容。4.（寧夏中衛(wèi)中學(xué)2007—2008學(xué)年第二學(xué)期高三第一次模擬考試，23）---Howlongwillyoubestaying?---Idon’tknow..A.That’sOKB.NevermindC.ItdependsD.Itdoesn’tmatter【解析】根據(jù)句意可以得知，不清楚停留多長時間，因此用Itdepends.（看情況而定）5.（廈門市20XX年高中畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量檢查，31）．一WhendidyoulearnthenewsthatObamamadeatriptoCanadaasPresident?一wasonmyreturn．A．ThatB．ItC．ThereD．This【解析】根據(jù)句意可以得知，問的是時間，it可以指代時間，屬于it的實指用法。6.（山東省莒南一中2008—2009學(xué)年度高三第一學(xué)期學(xué)業(yè)水平階段性測評，23）．Hedidn’tmakeclearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.A.this B.that C.it D.these【解析】本題中，it用作形式賓語指代whenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld從句。7.（山東省煙臺市20XX屆高三下學(xué)期模塊檢測，34）．—Does_____pleaseyoutogivegiftstoothers?—Sure．A.itB.thatC.oneD.he【解析】本題中，it用作形式主語，代替togivegiftstoothers8.（山東省日照市20XX屆高三上學(xué)期教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測，22）．Thoughwefound_____difficulttoavoideconomicandfinancialcrisis,wemusttakemeasurestoreduceitsnegativeimpact.A．it B．one C．that D．how【解析】it在句中用作形式賓語，代替后文的toavoideconomicandfinancialcrisis9.（山東省威海市20XX年普通高中畢業(yè)班教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測31）．—Doyouthink_____worthwhiletogoallthewaytoLosAnglestobuythatcomputer?—Well,I’mgoingtovisitsomerelatives,too.A．it B．/ C．this D．that【解析】在本句中，it為形式賓語，代替下文的togoallthewaytoLosAnglestobuythatcomputer。而其他選項不能作形式賓語。10.（山東省濟南市20XX年3月高三年級統(tǒng)一考試，23）．Nooneknowsexactlywhenourancestorsstartedtalking，butnewevidencesuggests_______mighthavehappenedalongtimeago．A.whichB.what C.it D.they【解析】it在句中指時間，屬于實指。11.（山東省聊城市2007高三第一次模擬試題，21）．Reallygreatpeoplealwaysseethebestinothers;itisthelittlemanwholooksfortheworstandfinds.A．one B．it C．that D．them【解析】根據(jù)句意可以得知“偉人常常看到別人的最好的一面，而小人則只看到了別人不最好的一面”it此處特指上文的theworst。高考真題：03-08高考試題匯編1.（20XX年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試，35）Thechairmanthought___necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.A．that B．it C．this D．him2.（20XX年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試湖南卷，26）AsthebusiestwomaninNorton,shemade_________herdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople’saffairsinthattown.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it3.（20XX年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試山東卷，24）I’dappreciate____ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.A.thatB.itC.thisD.you4.（20XX年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試浙江卷，4）_______isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.A.As B.That C.This D.It5.（20XX年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試I，26）IfIcanhelp_______,Idon'tlikeworkinglateintothenight.A.soB.thatC.itD.them6.（20XX年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試全國卷I，7）___feltfunnywatchingmyselfonTV.A.OneB.ThisC.ItD.That7.（20XX年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試山東卷，24）_____________worriesmethewayhekeepschanginghismind.A．ThisB．ThatC．WhatD．It8.（20XX年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試陜西卷，16）—Thereisstillacopyofthebookinthelibrary.Willyougoandborrow? —No,I’dratherbuyinthebookstore.A.it;one B.one;one C.one;it D.it;it9.（2007年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試天津卷，1）Hedidn’tmake________clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.A.this B.that C.it D.these10.（2007年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試浙江卷，16）—Hegothisfirstbookpublished.Itturnedouttobeabestseller.—Whenwas_____?—_____wasin2000whenhewasstillincollege.A.that;ThisB.this;ItC.it;ThisD.that;It考題預(yù)測1.—Whencanwecometovisityou?

—Anytimeyoufeellike .A.one B.it C.so D.that【解析】it此處為實指，指代上文提到的時間，而其他選項不能指代時間。2.______wasknowntothemallthatWilliamhadbrokenhispromise______hewouldgiveeachofthemagift.A.As,whichB.What,thatC.It,thatD.It,which3.—Howlongareyoustayingthere?—depends.A.It B.Anything C.This D.Everything4.Ihate_____whenyoungpeoplespeaktotheelderlyinarudeway.A.this B.that C.it D.one5.Is____necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he6.Idon’tthink____possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it7.Does______matterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it8.Iwasdisappointedwiththefilm.Ihadexpected____tobemuchbetter.A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it9.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but_______didn’thelp.A.it B.she C.which D.he10.---Doyoulikehere?---Oh,yes,theair,theweatherandthewayoflife.Everythingissonice.A.thisB.thereC.thatD.it高考英語陷阱題大揭密——it的用法典型陷阱題分析1.Everyoneknowsthat_______isdangeroustoplaywithfire,but_______isdifficultistopreventchildrenfromplayingwithfire.A.it,itB.what,whatC.it,what D.what,it【分析】答案是D。(1)Iknow______isimportanttoknowmyownlimitations,but_______isdifficultistohelpotherstoknowtheirownlimitations.A.it,itB.what,whatC.it,what D.what,it(2)Yes,______isdifficulttofindajobnowadays,but_____ismoredifficultistrytofindsuchajobwithahighsalarybutlittlethingstodo.A.it,itB.what,whatC.it,what D.what,it2.Idislike_______whenotherslaughatmeinpublic

or

thinkpoorlyofmebehind.A.thatB.thoseC.it D.them【分析】答案是C，因為在通常情況下，like是及物動詞，其后應(yīng)有賓語(句中it即為其賓語)。句中的when從句不是賓語從句，而是時間狀語從句，其中的when的意思是“當(dāng)……的時候”。其實，也有的詞典將Idon’tlikeitwhen(if)…作為一個句型來處理。能這樣用的動詞不多，主要的有enjoy,like,dislike,love,hate,prefer,appreciate等表示喜好的動詞。Shewon’tlikeitifyouarrivelate.Hehatesitwhenpeopleusehisbike.(1)Ihate_______ifpeoplesaysuchthingsinpublic.A.thatB.thoseC.it D.them(2)I’dprefer_______ifIdidn’thavetogetupearlyonSundays.A.thatB.suchC.it D.which(3)Iwouldappreciate_______verymuchifyoucouldgivemesomesuggestions.A.thisB.thatC.itD.you3.I’venoidea.Ijustpretendednobodywasathome,soIdidn’taskwho__was.A.heB.thatC.sheD.it【分析】答案是D。it用以指身份不明的人。若指身份明確的人，則不用it。比較：(1)Mr.Smithisatthedoor.____wantstoseeyou.(2)Someoneisatthedoor.____mustbeMr.Smith.A.HeB.ItC.ThisD.That4.“Excuseme,Iwanttohavemywatchfixed,butIcan’tfindarepairshop.”“Iknow________nearby.Comeon,I’llshowyou.”A.oneB.itC.some D.that【分析】答案是A。it和one的區(qū)別可簡單地概括為：it=the+名詞，one=a+名詞。Ihaven’tgotanypens,andIwanttoborrowone.我沒有鋼筆，我想借一支。(one=apen)Ihaveapen,andIcanlendittoyou.我有一本鋼筆，我可以把它借給你。(it=thepen)(one=arepairshop)ThereisonlyoneEnglish-Chinesedictionaryinthatbook-shop.Iwonderifyoustillwanttobuy_______.A.itB.oneC.another D.any5.Willyouseeto___thatmychildrenaretakengoodcareofwhileIamaway?A.itB.meC.yourselfD.them【分析】答案是A。請做下面兩題，答案也是選it：(1)I’llseeto___thatalltheseletterswillbesenttothepostbeforetwelve.A.itB.meC.which D.them(2)Willyouseeto__thattheluggageisbroughtbackassoonaspossible?A.meB.yourselfC.it D.them類似以上seeto用法的短語還有dependon,answerfor等。如下面兩題答案也選it：(1)Youmaydependon_______thathewillturnupintime.A.itB.meC.whichD.them(2)Ican’tan