中考英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)專題 名詞

名詞I.名詞的種類：名詞類別意義例詞專有名詞表示具體的人名、事物、國家、地名、機(jī)構(gòu)、團(tuán)體等的專有名稱Jim，China,Qingdao,theUK,普通名詞可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞表示單個(gè)人的人或事物girl,student,factory,desk,cat,集合名詞表示一群人或一些事物的總稱people,police,team,clothes,group,不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞表示無法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì)water,ice,pork,cheese,cotton,air抽象名詞表示抽象概念的詞fun,healthy,happiness,courage,love,II.名詞的數(shù)：可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式：可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式要在名詞前加“a或an”；1．有規(guī)則變化復(fù)數(shù)形式是在名詞后加“-s或-es”，現(xiàn)將構(gòu)成規(guī)則列表如下：規(guī)則例詞1一般情況在詞尾加-smap-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days2以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-esclass-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes3以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的變-f和-fe為v再加-esleaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,wife-wives加-sroof-roofs,safe（保險(xiǎn)箱）→safeshandkerchief（手帕，手絹）的復(fù)數(shù)形式兩者都可4以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加-esparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities5以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，或?qū)Ｓ忻~以y結(jié)尾的，加-stoy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,6以輔音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞一般加-eshero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes兩者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes,7以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-sradio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos2．不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：英語里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，現(xiàn)歸納如下：1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice,child-children,tooth→teeth等2單復(fù)數(shù)相同sheep,deer,,fish,li,yuan,jin,Chinese，Japanese3只有復(fù)數(shù)形式trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,4一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)people,police,5部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體）也可以作復(fù)數(shù)（成員）class,family,crowd,group,government,population,team,public,enemy,party6表示“某國人”加-sAmericans,,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans單復(fù)數(shù)同形Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman結(jié)的改為-men,-womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen8合成名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends無主體名詞時(shí)將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)grown-ups,housewives,將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，只有man,womenwomensingers,menservantsIII.名詞的格1.單數(shù)名詞詞尾加"'s"，復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s，也要加"'s"。2.若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s，只加"'"。3.凡不能加"'s"的名詞，都可以用"名詞+of+名詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系，如：thetitleofthesong歌的名字。4.在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時(shí)，名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞，如：thebarber's5.如果兩個(gè)名詞并列，并且分別有's，則表示"分別有"；只有一個(gè)'s，則表示'共有'。6.復(fù)合名詞或短語，'s加在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾。如：amonthortwo'sabsence練習(xí)與鞏固：A:1.Mathematics______easytolearn.A.isB.areC.canD.feels2.The____oftheroomwerecoveredwith____.A.roofs,leafsB.roofs,leavesC.rooves,leafsD.rooves,leaves3.Anold____wantstoseeyou.A.peopleB.personC.thepeopleD.theperson4.Theygotmuch_____fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.newsD.stories5.Ihavetwo___andthreebottlesof___here.A.orange,orangeB.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orange6.Heisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasn’t________inteaching.A.manyexperiencesB.muchexperienceC.anexperienceD.alotexperience7.Agroupof_________aretalkingwithtwo___________.A.Frenchmen,GermansB.Germans,FrenchmansC.Frenchmans,GermenD.Germen,Frenchmen8.Helpyourselfto____.A.chickensandapplesB.chickensandappleC.chickenandappleD.chickenandapples9.---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?---_________,please.A.TwocupofcoffeeB.Twocup’sofcoffeeC.TwocupsofcoffeeD.TwocupsofcoffeesB:1—Youlookverytiredthismorning.Whatdidyoudoyesterdayafternoon?—IdidChristmasshopping.A.alotofB.afewofC.anumberofD.apieceof2.Theletterfrommyunclewasshort.Therewasn'tnews.A.manyB.afewC.muchD.few3.—Dothedishes,Mike,orIwilltellmum!—Mindyourown,Sue!A.actionB.dutyC.businessD.way4.—Whydoyougetupsoearlyinthemorning,Tracy？—Igenerallymakeitatobeupby7toreadEnglish.A.planB.wishC.secretD.rule5.--Whydidn’tyoutakeataxibacklastnight?--BecauseIdidn’thaveany___withme.A.foodB.bicycleC.friendD.money6.Johnalwayssaysthathelikesapplesofallthe___.A.vegetablesB.fruitsC.drinks7.---Youlookworried.What’syour___?--IhavetroublelearningEnglish.A.nameB.questionC.problemD.job8.---Oh,myGod!Wehavemissedthelastbus.Whatshallwedo?---I’mafraidwehaveno______buttotakeataxi.A.choiceB.decisionC.reasonD.information9.Ilike_____alot,andmymotherusuallycooksitindifferentways.A.fishB.butterC.potatoesD.noodles10.---Inmyopinion,Chinahasmore______todealwiththediseaseofA/H1N1.---Iquiteagreewithyou.Chinesemedicineworkswell.A.advantagesB.interestsC.equipmentsD.materials11.—It’ssaidthatyouhavemovedintoanewhouse.—Yeah,andweneedtobuysomeinthemallnearby.A.foodB.furnitureC.hamburger12.Allthe______teachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8th,becauseitwastheirownholiday.A.manB.menC.womanD.women13.—Emma,whoareyoutaking___ofathome?--Mygrandma,shewasbadlyill.A.placeB.partC.seatD.care14.---HowcanIseethicksnowinmostnorthernpartsofChina?---Youhavetowaittill______comes,Steve.A.summerB.autumnC.winter15.Let’sgetsome____abouttourismontheInternet.A.informationB.messageC.invention16.____theteachersintheirschoolisabout200andonefourthofthemare______teachers.A.Anumberof;womenB.Anumberof;womanC.Thenumberof;womenD.Thenumberof;woman17.Mikeandhisfriendaregoingtothe______toseethenewactionmovietonight.A.bookshopB.restaurantC.concertD.cinema18.--Shallwegoshoppingnow?--Sorry.It’snottheright___.I’mtootired.A.wayB.weatherC.placeD.moment19.---Whatmakesyousoupset?---IwantedtoexplainwhyIwaslate,butMr.Whitedidn’tgivemea(n)____.A.wayB.chanceC.ideaD.excuse20.Weneedtocomeupwitha/an___andmakeadecisionatonce.A.informationB.adviceC.ideaD.news21.Lookattheflowers!Theyareindifferent___:red,yellow,pink…A.colorsB.sizesC.pricesD.names22.–I’dlike_______grapesandpears.–Oh,Ionlyneed_____orangejuice.A.some;afewB.afew;someC.alittle;fewD.alittle;afew23.—Whatwouldyouliketodrink?—_____