2024年中考英語語法考點突破訓練動詞含解析

動詞考點一、動詞及其分類分類動詞主要功能是充當謂語，用來表示主語做什么（即行為動詞），或表示主語是什么或怎么樣（即狀態(tài)動詞）的詞，例如：

Theboyrunsfast.（這個男孩跑得快。）runs表示主語的行為

Heisaboy.（他是個男孩。）is與后面的表語aboy表示主語的狀態(tài)動詞系動詞動詞系動詞情態(tài)動助動詞實義動系動詞+表語情態(tài)動+動詞原形助動詞+動詞原形獨立充當謂語充當謂語考點二、系動詞的用法連系動詞是表示主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”的詞，它雖有詞義，但不完整，所以不能單獨作謂語，必需跟表語一起構成合成謂語。連系動詞可詳細分為三類：

1、表示“是”的動詞be。它在不同的主語后面和不同的時態(tài)中有不同的形式。如：Hewasasoldiertwoyearsago.（兩年前他是個士兵。）

WeareChinese.（我們是中國人。）

2、表示“變”、“變成”的意思的詞，如become,get,grow,turn,

都說明為“變”、“變得”，例如：

Shebecameacollegestudent.（她成了一名高校生。）

Hefeelssick.Hisfaceturnswhite.（他感到不舒適，他的臉色變蒼白了。）

3、表示“感覺”的詞，如look（看起來），smell（聞起來），sound（聽起來）等，例如：

Thestorysoundsinteresting.（這個故事聽起來很好玩。）

Theflowerssmellsweet.（這些花聞起來很香。）系動詞be系動詞be動詞“保持”“改變”感官動詞be+adv.+adj“如何是”become,seem,turn,grow,get,keep,staylook,sound,taste,smell,feel常接形容詞作表語主謂一樣考點三、情態(tài)動詞的用法這類詞本身雖有意義，但不完整。它們表示說話人的實力、說話人的語氣或情態(tài)，如“可能”、“應當”等。這類動詞有can,may,must,need,dare,could,might等。它們沒有人稱和數(shù)的改變，不能單獨作謂語，必需與行為動詞（原形）一起作謂語，表示完整的意思。構成疑問句時，通常放在主語前面；構成否定句時，not放在這些情態(tài)動詞之后。可用它們的縮寫形式（can’t,cannot,mustn’t等）。例如：

Icandance.（我會跳舞。）can,

能,

會

Hecan’twalkbecauseheisababy.（因為他是個嬰兒，不會走路。）can’t,

不必

MayIcomein？（我可以進來嗎？）may,

可以情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞意思答語表示推想may答語:確定Certainly./Sure./Yes,youcan.否定Sorry,butyoucan’t/mustn’t“確定”must“必需”MustI…？Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto.“不得不”DoIhaveto..?Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto.“須要”實義動詞：notneedtodosth.情態(tài)動詞：needn’tdosth.Wouldyouliketodo?答語“I’dliketo”“I’dliketo,but....”hadbetter“最好(不)做某事”You’dbetterdo…/You’dbetternotdo…“可能”may,might,could“不行能”can’t考點四、助動詞助動詞狹義概念：助動詞狹義概念：“贈送的”擴展概念：“自帶的”do,does,did凡謂語由兩部分構成之前者句型操作及答語實義動詞身份助動詞身份/強調(diào)功能考點五、實義動詞實義動詞時態(tài)實義動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)名稱被動：be+done及物動詞必需跟賓語不及物動詞不直跟賓語謂動一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時一般將來時★過去將來時現(xiàn)在完成時★過去完成時do/doesdidbe+doingwas/were+doingwill+dowould+dohave/has+donehad+done一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般將來時含情態(tài)動詞選項有無被動只需考慮時態(tài)該而不:感官發(fā)生實現(xiàn)出版使役動詞正常不帶to被動則帶意思須要時間標記意思平常常常做某次過去做現(xiàn)在正在做過去正在做現(xiàn)在將要做過去將要做到現(xiàn)在已做到過去已做考點六、動詞詞形改變動詞在句子中充當謂語的同時，隨著時態(tài)或語態(tài)的改變，也有自己的特有改變。動詞詞形改變動詞詞形改變第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞+ss,x,sh,ch,o+es輔+y→i+es不規(guī)則+ing去e+ing雙寫+ing+ed輔+y→i+ed雙寫+ed不規(guī)則輔元輔，且重讀，不忘雙寫尾字母（除組合外）過去式、過去分詞ie→y+ing過去式、過去分詞ie→y+ing考點七、非謂語動詞及其應用。非謂語動詞非謂語動詞作主語被視為單數(shù)作主語被視為單數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞doing過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞doing過去分詞done不定式todo作主語常被形式主語it代替作主語作主語常被形式主語it代替作主語havesth.done使被判定:后有謂動bedoing“正在做”作表語be+todo“是做”作賓語bedoing“正在做”作表語be+todo“是做”作賓語bedone“被做”被形式賓語it代替作賓語被形式賓語it代替作賓語省to或不省作賓補省to或不省作賓補要后置，省介否要后置，省介否作定語作定語表目的，緣由作狀語表目的，緣由作狀語賓從省略式賓從省略式疑問詞+todo疑問詞+todo一、選擇填空1.There__lotsofpeopleattherestaurantwhenIgotthere.A.isB.wasC.areD.were2.You____eatthesoupifyoudon’tlikeit.A.shouldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.can’t3.Thissentence_______right.Pleasewriteitdown.A.feelsB.soundsC.tastesD.smells4.Mysisterwantsanewdress.She_________ittotheparty.A.wearsB.haswornC.woreD.isgoingtowear5.Ididn’thearyoubecauseI________thenewsontheradio.A.listentoB.amlisteningtoC.listenedtoD.waslisteningto6.I_______myhomework,IguessIcan’tjoinyou.A.don’tfinishB.didn’tfinishC.haven’tfinishedD.won’tfinish7.-Whoseisthepencilbox?-It________beTom’s.Lookathisnameonthecover!A.can B.may C.must D.need8.________abookinthelibrary,enterakeywordintothecomputer.A.Tofind B.Find C.Towrite D.Write9.Theclothingstore________asale.Theclothesthereareverycheap.A.has B.had C.ishaving D.washaving10.MissZhang,themostbeautifulteacher,________manyflowersthesedays.A.received B.willreceive C.wasreceiving D.hasreceived11.Yoursweaterlookssmart.Where________you________it?A.do,get B.did,get C.will,get D.have,got12.Weoftenhearherafterclass.A.singB.tosingC.sings D.sang13.—Dowehavetofinishourhomeworkthisafternoon?—Yes,you______.A.must B.can C.may D.need14.I’dlikeyou______forapicnicwithus.A.goB.togoC.goingD.went15.HongKong___________tobeagoodplaceforeatingtoday.A.knows B.knew C.isknownD.wasknown用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當形式填空1.Nancyoftengoes______(swim)withherfriendsinsummer2.Iwant______(go)totheshop.

3.Thelittlegirllikes________(play)basketball.She______(play)ontheplaygroundnow.

4.Theteacher_______(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.

5.Let's_________(speak)English.

6.-_______theman________(open)thewindow?

-No,heisn't.Heis__________(close)thewindow.

7.I_________(lend)hersomeCDsthedaybeforeyesterday。

8.I'msorry___________(wake)youup.

9.Wouldyouplease___________(notplay)withthechalk?

10.You'dbetter________________(pass)thisbooktoher.

三、依據(jù)所給漢語或首字母提示寫出下列句中所缺的名詞1Look!Alittlegirl_______(游泳)intheriver(河).2.Idon'thaveanypens.Ithinkshe______(有)some.3.Don't_______(讀)yourbooks.Please________(聽)tomenow.4.Canyouhelpme_________(搬運)thebox?

5.CanI_________(借)yourbike?

6.Doyoulike________(看電視)?7.Myparentsarebusy_________(為……做打算)thevisitors.8.Ithinkyou'dbetternot________(出去)aloneatnight.9.Doyoumindmy_____(聽音樂)?---Nevermind.10.Iamafraidof_____(游泳),butTomoften_______(教)me_____(游泳).11.Whatabout________(坐)here?OK,letme_________(坐)here.12.Tomorrow________(是)mybirthday.Iwant_______(實行)abirthdayparty.Wouldyou________(來)tomyparty?13.Hemustn't__________(停放)hiscarhere.___________(看)atthesign"NOparking.14.Youneed_________(穿戴)warmclothesinwinter.15.Who________(教)youEnglishlastterm?四、詞語運用閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使短文通順、意思完整，每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。say,do,work,believe,may,watch,see,be,think,eatCananimalsbemadetoworkforus?Somescientists__1__thatonedayanimals__2__betaughttodoanumberofsimplejobs.They__3__thatinafilmoronTVwemay__4__elephants,monkeys,dogs,bears,orotheranimalsdoingalotofthings.Ifyou__5__carefully,youmayfindthatthoseanimalsaregivensomethingtoeatinreturnfor__6__them.Thescientistssaythatmanydifferentanimalsmaybetaughttodoanumberofsimplejobsiftheywillgetsomething__7__.

Ofcourse,asweknow,dogscanbeusedtoguardahouse,andelephantscanbeusedtodosomeheavyjobs.Andwecanalsoteachanimals__8__infactories.Apes,forexamplehave__9__usedinAmericatohelpmakecarsandscientists___10__thatthesemonkeysmayonedaygetincropsandevendrivetrains.

五、完形填空Mrs.Greenlivesinthecountry,andshe___1__knowLondonverywell.Oneday,shegoestoLondon,butshe2findherway.Justthen,she3amannearthebusstop.“Icanaskhimtheway.”she4.Thenshegoesovertothemanandasks，“Excuseme,willyoupleaseButthemandoesn’tsayanything.He6Cuba.Hedoesn’t7English.HecomestoLondonfora8.Hetakesoutabookand9somethingonit.Thenhe10ittoMrs.Green,“Sorry,Ican’tspeakEnglish.”()1.A.does B.doesn’t C.do D.don’t()2.A.may B.maynot C.can’t D.can()3.A.looksat B.watches C.sees D.looks()4.A.thinks B.tothink C.is