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專題03動(dòng)詞不定式TOC\o"1-3"\h\u核心考點(diǎn)聚焦 1考點(diǎn)一:動(dòng)詞不定式基礎(chǔ) 1考點(diǎn)二:動(dòng)詞不定式的功能進(jìn)階版(中考難度) 21.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ) 22.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作表語(yǔ) 33.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)(見表格附錄) 34.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ) 45.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ) 46.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 5當(dāng)堂限時(shí)檢測(cè) 7課后提升專練 9參考答案: 11核心考點(diǎn)聚焦考點(diǎn)一:動(dòng)詞不定式基礎(chǔ)1.1.動(dòng)詞不定式的形式:基本形式為“to+動(dòng)詞原形”,否定形式為“notto+動(dòng)詞原形”。例It'simportantnottobelateforclass.上課不遲到是非常重要的。1.2.動(dòng)詞不定式的功能(1)動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)。作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),一般在句中作目的狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)和原因狀語(yǔ)。例WeneedmoremoneytoimprovetransportinLondon.我們需要更多的錢來(lái)改善倫敦的交通狀況。(2)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)。常用it作形式主語(yǔ),真正作主語(yǔ)的不定式后置。常用句型為“Itis+adj.+(of/forsb.)todosth.”。例It'snoteasytofindyourwayaroundthetown.在這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上要找到路很不容易。(3)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:wouldlike/wantto想要agreeto同意affordto負(fù)擔(dān)得起hope/wishto希望decideto決定promiseto承諾continueto繼續(xù)expectto期望refuseto拒絕(4)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:tellsb.todosth.告訴某人做某事warnsb.todosth.警告某人做某事invitesb.todosth.邀請(qǐng)某人做某事allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事expectsb.todosth.期望某人做某事advisesb.todosth.建議某人做某事(5)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。作定語(yǔ)時(shí)常放在修飾詞后,作后置定語(yǔ)。例Ican'tthinkofanygoodadvicetogiveher.我想不出任何好的建議給她。(6)動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)。常放于be動(dòng)詞后。例Myjobistolookafterthebaby.我的工作是照顧這個(gè)嬰兒。1.3.“疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式可以與疑問(wèn)代詞who,whom,what,which,whose及疑問(wèn)副詞when,where,how等連用,構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ),在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。Ididn'tknowhowtogetbacktothevillage.我不知道怎樣回到村子。1.4.常見省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)hadbetterdosth.最好做某事wouldratherdosth.寧愿做某事cannotbutdosth.只好做某事Why(not)dosth.?為什么(不)做某事?考點(diǎn)二:動(dòng)詞不定式的功能進(jìn)階版(中考難度)1.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)Toseeistobelieve.Itisbettertoseesomethingoncethantohearaboutitahundredtimes.百聞不如一見。a.在很多情況下,特別是在口語(yǔ)中,常采用先行it代替主語(yǔ),而把不定式后置:It’sagreatpleasuretobehere.Itisnotaneasythingtomasteralanguage.★區(qū)分用法★1)直接用不定式做主語(yǔ)的句子顯得更加正式。2)如主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是todo,則只能采用第一種形式。對(duì)敵人仁慈就是對(duì)人民殘忍。To

be

kind

to

the

enemy

is

to

be

cruel

to

the

people.3)如是疑問(wèn)句或感嘆句,則只能采用第二種形式。如:What

is

it

like

to

be

there?What

a

joy

it

was

to

read

Barak’s

book!b.用Itis+形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),由于邏輯主語(yǔ)不同導(dǎo)致的for和of的區(qū)別。forsb.句型中的形容詞一般為表示事物的特征特點(diǎn),表示客觀形式的形容詞,如:difficult,interesting,easy,impossible等。.ofsb.句型中的形容詞一般為表示性格、品德、心智能力,表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞,如:good,kind,nice,clever,foolish等。★小試身手★Tobefondofdancingwasacertainsteptowardsfallinginlove.喜歡跳舞是談情說(shuō)愛(ài)的一個(gè)步驟。對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō),學(xué)兩門外語(yǔ)是很困難的。It’sverydifficultforhimtolearntwolanguages.你能這么說(shuō)很有禮貌。It’sverypoliteofyoutosayso.2.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是不定式(其含義往往一是條件,一是結(jié)果),如:Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Todothatwouldbetocutthefoottofittheshoe.那樣做無(wú)疑是削足適履。3.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)(見表格附錄)4.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ)用法例句及物動(dòng)詞todo出現(xiàn)在名詞后面。動(dòng)賓關(guān)系Healwayshasalotofmeetingstoattend.Haveyougotanythingtosayatthemeeting?主謂關(guān)系Sheisalwaysthefirst(one)tocomeandthelasttoleave.不及物動(dòng)詞todo出現(xiàn)在名詞后面且?guī)舷鄳?yīng)的介詞。Let’sfirstfindaroomtolivein./toputthethingsin.Wehavenothingtoworryabout.?Attention?但前面被修飾的名詞是place/time/way時(shí)可省略不及物動(dòng)詞的介詞。Ithinkthebestwaytotravelisbyair.Wehavenoplacetolive.★小試身手★了解一個(gè)人最好的方法是和他/她生活一段時(shí)間.Thebestwaytoknowapersonistolivewithhim/herforsometime.你有什么可以吃的東西嗎?Doyouhaveanythingtoeat?許多老人找不到可以安度晚年的地方.Manyoldpeoplecannotfindaplacetospendtherestoftheirlife.5.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)基本用法:不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可以作狀語(yǔ),修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等表示目的、原因、結(jié)果、條件等。a.表示目的Theyranovertowelcomethedelegates.?Attention?(1)inordertodo常置于句首用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)目的。(2)soasto/so….asto表示目的,不可以置于句首?!镄≡嚿硎帧?)為了能夠準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)那里,我們必須現(xiàn)在出發(fā)Inordertogetthereontime,wemustsetoffnow.2)為了款待重要客人,他從英國(guó)請(qǐng)了管家。Inordertotreattheimportantguests,hehiredahousekeeperfromtheUK3)他們一大早出發(fā)為了能趕上首班車。Theysetoutintheearlymorningsoastocatchthefirstbus.b.表示結(jié)果(1)so…asto…如此……以至于Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle/tellmethetime?(2)such(…)asto…如此……以至于I’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.(3)enoughto…足以Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.(4)too…to…太……以至于不能Hiseyesightistoopoortoreadsuchsmallletters.(5)onlyto不料卻……,結(jié)果卻……不定式之前有時(shí)可以加上only或butonly,以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣Iboughtexpensiveticketstothetheatre,onlytodiscoverthattheshowwasboring.★小試身手★1)你說(shuō)這些話只會(huì)把大家弄得更加緊張。Yousaidtheseonlytomakeeveryonemorenervous.2)她太小了不能看這個(gè)暴力電影。Sheistooyoungtowatchthisviolentmovie.?Attention?:但是too….to結(jié)構(gòu)前如果出現(xiàn)but,never,only等詞時(shí)則表示肯定。1)活到老學(xué)到老。It’snevertooold/latetolearn.6.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)a.非謂語(yǔ)做賓補(bǔ)的用法。結(jié)構(gòu)含義舉例see+賓語(yǔ)+do看見(賓語(yǔ))做……了seehimgototheofficesee+賓語(yǔ)+doing看見(賓語(yǔ))正在做seehimgoingtotheofficesee+賓語(yǔ)+beingdone看見(賓語(yǔ))正在被做seehimbeingbittenbyadogsee+賓語(yǔ)+done看見(賓語(yǔ))被做seehimbittenbyadogb.不定式todo(do)做賓補(bǔ)表示“要去做”。結(jié)構(gòu)例詞例句動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+todoask,invite,tell,want,encourage,wish,expect,beg,request,require,advise,order,force,等表示勸請(qǐng)、要求、喜好類Iwantbothofyoutogo.Theteachertoldustodoexerciseone.c.do做賓補(bǔ)表示“全過(guò)程”。動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+do(省略to)一“感”:feel二“聽”:hear/listento三“使”:have/make/let四“看”:see/watch/notice/findIsawmydaughterentertheclassroom,sitinachair,openherEnglishbookandbegintoreadChapter15.當(dāng)堂限時(shí)檢測(cè)1.________thebeautifullife,weshouldoftengooutforawalkwithourfriends.A.Enjoy B.Enjoying C.Toenjoy D.Enjoys2.________students’eyesightandmakesuretheyfocusontheirstudies,schoolswillhavemorerulestolimitmobilephoneuse.A.Protect B.Toprotect C.Protected D.Protecting3.It’sverygoodforus________somevolunteerworkinthecommunityaround.A.do B.doing C.did D.todo4.WhenIwasyoung,myparentsalwaysencouragedus__________newhobbies.A.todevelop B.developing C.develop D.developed5.Youhavehardlychangedtheseyears.Howdidyoumanage_________soyoung?A.stay B.tostay C.staying D.tostaying6.—Whataheavyrain!—________.Iprefer________ratherthan________onsucharainyday.A.Soitis;stayingathome;goout B.Soitis;tostayathome;gooutC.Soisit;tostayathome;goout D.Soisit;goout;stayathome7.—Ourteacheroftenadvisesus________thehabitofdoingchoresathome.—Itcanbehelpfulforustounderstandourfamilybetter.A.developed B.todevelop C.develop D.developing8.Thetrafficsignswarnpeople________afterdrinking.A.drive B.notdriving C.nottodrive D.todrive9.Wemustdosomething__________theleft-behindchildreninruralareas.A.helping B.tohelp C.helps D.help10.Ourparentswon’tallowus________intheriveralone.A.toswim B.swim C.swimming D.swam11.—Whatareyougoingtodo,Jane?

—Oh,mymotherasksme________somefoodforsupper.A.buy B.tobuy C.buys D.buying12.Doctorsadviseus________masksonsuchhazy(霧蒙蒙的)days.A.wear B.wearing C.towear D.worn13.Ifyoupromise________yourmotherdosomehousework,youmustdoit.A.help B.tohelp C.helping D.helped14.Alotoftravelersexpect________manyJacarandas(藍(lán)花楹)inKunming.A.enjoy B.toenjoy C.enjoying D.enjoys15.Hewasnotfastenough______theworms(蟲子)MamaBirdbroughtback.A.get B.got C.getting D.toget16.Itisimportantforus________toactpolitelyinpublic.A.tolearn B.learning C.learnt D.learn17.Theteacherwarnsus________theschoolrules,orwe’llbepunished.A.nottobreak B.don’tbreak C.tobreak D.breaking18.________healthy,mymotherdoesyogaveryoftenandhasagoodeatinghabit.A.Keep B.Tokeep C.Keeping D.Tobekept19.TodayisMother’sDay,andIplan_________dinnerformymother.A.tocook B.cooking C.cooked D.cook20.—Whereareyougoing?—Tothepostoffice.Mymotheraskedme_________aletter.A.tosend B.send C.sending D.sent21.________thespeedinthecomingrace,themarathonloverpractisesrunningeveryday.A.Improve B.Improves C.Improving D.Toimprove22.AlthoughtheBeijingOperaisdifficultforBetty,shehopes______morenexttime.A.understand B.understands C.understanding D.tounderstand23.________safe,peopleshouldwearhelmetswhenridinge-bikes.A.Keep B.Tokeep C.Keeping D.Tokeeping24.Mybestfriend,Kangkang,oftenencouragesme______tomydream.A.stick B.stuck C.tostick D.sticking25.—Couldyoutellme________thecomputer?

—Sure.A.howuse B.tousehow C.howtouse D.whattouse26._________thepeoplelockedinside,thefiremenbrokedownthedoorofthehouse.A.Save B.Tosave C.Saving D.Saved27.Theyheardthegirl________inthenextdoorjustnow.A.tosing B.sing C.sings D.sang28.Don’tforget________inyourmathexercisestomorrow.A.tohand B.handing C.hand D.tohanding29.Today,wemustcontinueworking________ourskiesblue,waterscleanandlandsclear.A.keep B.tokeep C.keeping D.kept30.Don’tstayuplate.It’stime________tobed.A.go B.went C.going D.togo課后提升專練31.Theheadmasterrequiresthestudents_________schooluniformsonweekdays.A.wear B.wearing C.wears D.towear32.It’snecessaryforstudents________breakfasteveryday.A.had B.have C.has D.tohave33.—Ithinktheclassroomneeds________.—Well,youareright.We’lldowhatwecan________theclassroomtidyandclean.A.clean,keep B.toclean,tokeep C.cleaning,keeping D.cleaning,tokeep34.Self-drivingbusesaresmart.They“know”________toslowdown,stoporstartagain.A.what B.where C.when D.who35.Don’tforgettoopenthewindowsduringbreaks________theairfreshintheclassroom.A.keeping B.tokeep C.keeps D.keep36.MissWhiteoftenencouragedus________closetonatureandenjoyitsbeauty.A.get B.getting C.got D.toget37.Idon’thavemuchmoneyandcan’tafford________youmoneytobuyacar.A.lend B.lending C.tolend D.forlending38.Myparentsdon’tallowme________outaloneatnight.A.togo B.go C.going D.gone39.—WhydidChinastarttolimitthenumberofpeoplewhoareallowedtoclimbupthenorthsideofMountQomolangmain2019?

—________trash.AccordingtotheUN,over140tonsoftrashhasbeenleftonthemountain.A.Reduce B.Toreduce C.Reducing D.Reduced40.—Imadealotoffood,sofeelfree________whatyoulike.—OK.A.eat B.eats C.eating D.toeat41._______healthyandslim,sheeatsverylittlefriedfood.A.Keep B.Keeping C.Tokeep D.kept42.Thewolflooksscary.Idon’tdare_________closetoit.A.tokeep B.keeping C.kept D.tokeeping43.MomalwayswarnsTina__________tostrangersonthestreet.A.speak B.nottospeak C.tospeak D.notspeak44.Ourteachersalwayswarnus________ballgamesontheroadtoavoid________ourselves.A.tonotplay;hurting B.nottoplay;tohurtC.nottoplay;hurting D.notplay;tohurt45.—Ihopetotakecookingcourse.—Goodidea.________outaboutit,visitthiswebsite.A.Tofind B.Find C.Finding D.Found46.Ourschooloftenadvisesus________closetonatureandenjoyitsbeauty.A.get B.getting C.gets D.toget47.—Whydomanyfarmersputtheirproductsonlinethesedays?—________themmoreeasily.A.Sell B.Sells C.Selling D.Tosell48.Zhaxiisbusy________atschool,butheneverforgets________exerciseeveryday.A.working;doing B.working;todo C.towork;doing D.towork;todo49.Thelittlegirlis________young________gotoschool.A.to;too B.so;that C.so;to D.too;to50.I’msohungry.Ineedsomething_______.A.eat B.toeat C.eating D.eaten51.Afterdinner,Ialwaysoffer_________thedishessothatmyparentscanhaveagoodrest.A.todo B.do C.does D.doing52.Thenewyeariscoming.Wewillworkhard________ourgrades.A.improve B.improving C.toimprove D.improved53.Theteacheraskedus________inthelibraryafterschool.A.don’ttalk B.nottalk C.nottotalk D.notalking54.Davidwasplanning________partintheactivitiesonSchoolScienceDay.A.took B.takes C.totake D.taking55.Thesnowmadethem________cold,sotheyhadtolightafire________warm.A.feel;keep B.tofeel;tokeep C.feel;tokeep D.tofeel;keep56.Ireallydon’tknow______and______.A.whattodo;howtodo B.whattodoit;howtodoitC.whattodoit;howtodo D.whattodo;howtodoit57.Ourteacheroftentellsus________moretraditionalChinesebooks.A.read B.reading C.reads D.toread58.—It’skindofyou________yourtimeforthecommunitycleanupevent.—Wearegladtohelp.A.volunteer B.tovolunteer C.volunteering D.volunteered59.Youshoulddowhatyoucan________yourreadingspeed.A.increase B.increasing C.toincrease D.increase60.Weshouldencourageteenagers________independent.A.be B.tobe C.being D.been61.—Itisveryimportantforallofus________safe.—Iagree.Westudentsshouldlearntoprotectourselvesindailylife.A.kept B.keeping C.tokeep D.keep62.Lucyhadfewclosefriendsatschool,soshedidn’tknow________aboutthetrouble.A.whototalk B.whototalkto C.whotosay D.whattotalk63.Theworkersaretrying________mycar,becausethreedaysagoIhadacrash.A.repair B.torepair C.repaired D.repairing64.—Mr.Wuhasrecommendedmanybooks.Haveyoudecided________?—Yes.ThisSaturday.A.howtoborrowthem B.whichtoreadfirstC.whentobuythem D.wheretofindthem65.Ittakesme30minutes________toschoolbybike.A.going B.togo C.ongoing D.go66.Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplepractiserunningregularly________partinmarathonraces.A.taking B.totake C.take D.totaking67.—Wow,Julie,it’ssocooltotakesomephotoswithyourmobilephone.—JustwithasoftwarecalledMTxiuxiu.Letmeshowyou________.A.whattouse B.howtouseit C.whichtouse D.wheretouseit68.Couldyoumakeher________shouting?A.stop B.stops C.stopped D.tostop69.ThefirstforestlibraryinShanghaimakesitpossible________readinginthenaturalenvironment.A.enjoys B.enjoying C.enjoyed D.toenjoy70.—Whatelseshouldwepayattentionto_________buildingthebridge?—Thechangesoftheweather,Ithink.A.tofinish B.finished C.finish D.finishing參考答案:1.C【詳解】句意:為了享受美好的生活,我們應(yīng)該經(jīng)常和我們的朋友出去散步。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“go”,此處要使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式,結(jié)合句意,我們經(jīng)常和我們朋友出去散步的目的是為了享受美好生活,動(dòng)詞不定式可以表目的。故選C。2.B【詳解】句意:為了保護(hù)學(xué)生的視力,確保他們集中精力學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)校將出臺(tái)更多限制使用手機(jī)的規(guī)定??疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)“schoolswillhavemorerulestolimitmobilephoneuse”可知,出臺(tái)手機(jī)限制規(guī)定是為了保護(hù)視力和確保學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí),用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ),故選B。3.D【詳解】句意:對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō),在周圍的社區(qū)做一些志愿者工作是很好的??疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子可知,it是作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu),故選D。4.A【詳解】句意:當(dāng)我小的時(shí)候,我的父母總是鼓勵(lì)我們發(fā)展新的愛(ài)好。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。encouragesbtodosth“鼓勵(lì)某人做某事”,為固定短語(yǔ),故選A。5.B【詳解】句意:你這些年幾乎沒(méi)怎么變化。你是怎么保持這么年輕的?考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。managetodosth.“想方設(shè)法做某事”,這里動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。故選B。6.B【詳解】句意:——多大的雨啊!——確實(shí)如此。在這樣的雨天,我寧愿待在家里,也不愿出去??疾閺?qiáng)調(diào)句及固定句式。Soitis確實(shí)如此;Soisit它也是,表示另一件事也具有相同的特征或情況;goout出去;stayathome待在家。根據(jù)“onsucharainyday”可知,此處表示的確如此;prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.“寧愿做某事,也不愿做某事”,固定句式。故選B。7.B【詳解】句意:——我們的老師經(jīng)常建議我們養(yǎng)成在家做家務(wù)的習(xí)慣?!梢詭椭覀兏玫亓私馕覀兊募彝ァ?疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)advisesb.todosth.“建議某人做某事”可知,此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞不定式todevelop。故選B。8.C【詳解】句意:交通標(biāo)志警告人們不要酒后駕車??疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)“Thetrafficsignswarnpeople...afterdrinking.”可知,此處表示警告人們酒后不要駕駛。warnsb.nottodosth.“警告某人不要做某事”,動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)。故選C。9.B【詳解】句意:我們必須做點(diǎn)什么來(lái)幫助農(nóng)村的留守兒童。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)“theleft-behindchildreninruralareas”可知,是幫助留守兒童,設(shè)空處表目的,填不定式作狀語(yǔ)。故選B。10.A【詳解】句意:我們的父母不允許我們單獨(dú)在河里游泳??疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。allowsbtodosth“允許某人做某事”,故選A。11.B【詳解】句意:——簡(jiǎn),你打算做什么?——哦,我媽媽叫我去買一些晚飯吃的食物。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。asksbtodosth.“要求某人做某事”,動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故選B。12.C【詳解】句意:醫(yī)生建議我們?cè)谶@種霧霾天戴口罩。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。advisesbtodosth“建議某人做某事”,為固定短語(yǔ),故選C。13.B【詳解】句意:如果你答應(yīng)幫媽媽做些家務(wù),你就必須做到??疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。promisetodosth“答應(yīng)做某事”,故選B。14.B【詳解】句意:很多游客期待在昆明欣賞到藍(lán)花楹。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)“expect”可知,其后可加名詞、代詞、不定式或從句作賓語(yǔ)。expecttodosth.表示“期待做某事”。故選B。15.D【詳解】句意:他沒(méi)有那么快去拿到鳥媽媽帶回來(lái)的蟲子??疾閯?dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。enoughtodo“足夠……去做某事”。故選D。16.A【詳解】句意:對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō),學(xué)會(huì)在公共場(chǎng)合舉止禮貌是很重要的。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。該句為“It’s+形容詞+forsb.+todosth.”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事……”,不定式作真正的主語(yǔ),故選A。17.A【詳解】句意:老師警告我們不要破壞校規(guī),否則我們會(huì)受到懲罰??疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。warnsb.(not)todosth.表示“警告某人(不要)做某事”,break意為“破壞”,根據(jù)“orwe’llbepunished”可知,老師應(yīng)該是警告我們“不要破壞”校規(guī)。故選A。18.B【詳解】句意:為了保持健康,我媽媽經(jīng)常做瑜伽,并且有良好的飲食習(xí)慣??疾閯?dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。根據(jù)“mymotherdoesyogaveryoftenandhasagoodeatinghabit.”可知,媽媽為了健康做瑜伽,故選B。19.A【詳解】句意:今天是母親節(jié),我打算為媽媽做晚飯??疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。cook烹飪,根據(jù)“plan”可知,考查短語(yǔ)plantodo“計(jì)劃做某事”,因此設(shè)空處填不定式。故選A。20.A【詳解】句意:——你要去哪里?——去郵局。我媽媽要我寄一封信。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)“Mymotheraskedme...aletter.”可知,是asksbtodosth“要求某人做某事”,空處用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故選A。21.D【詳解】句意:為了在即將到來(lái)的比賽中提高速度,這位馬拉松愛(ài)好者每天都練習(xí)跑步??疾閯?dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。根據(jù)“thespeedinthecomingrace”可知,為了之后能提高速度,所以每天練習(xí),空處用動(dòng)詞不定式。故選D。22.D【詳解】句意:雖然京劇對(duì)貝蒂來(lái)說(shuō)很難,但她希望下次能理解得更多。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。hopetodosth.“希望做某事”,動(dòng)詞不定式tounderstand作賓語(yǔ)。故選D。23.B【詳解】句意:安全起見,人們騎電動(dòng)自行車時(shí)應(yīng)該戴頭盔??疾閯?dòng)詞不定式。此空格處位于句首,是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ),應(yīng)用Tokeep。故選B。24.C【詳解】句意:我最好的朋友康康經(jīng)常鼓勵(lì)我堅(jiān)持自己的夢(mèng)想??疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。encouragesbtodosth“鼓勵(lì)某人做某事”,為固定短語(yǔ),故選C。25.C【詳解】句意:——你能告訴我怎么用電腦嗎?——當(dāng)然??疾樘厥庖蓡?wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句中的直接賓語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu),此處詢問(wèn)如何使用電腦,故選C。26.B【詳解】句意:為了救被鎖在里面的人,消防隊(duì)員砸開了房屋的門。考查動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。根據(jù)“...thepeoplelockedinside,thefiremenbrokedownthedoorofthehouse.”可知,消防員破門而入的目的是救人,空處使用動(dòng)詞不定式,作目的狀語(yǔ)。故選B。27.B【詳解】句意:剛剛我聽到女孩在隔壁唱歌。考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。hearsb.doingsth.“聽到某人正在做某事”,hearsb.dosth.“聽到某人做某事”,只有B選項(xiàng)符合要求。故選B。28.A【詳解】句意:別忘了明天交數(shù)學(xué)練習(xí)題??疾閯?dòng)詞不定式。forgettodosth忘記做某事,此事還沒(méi)有做;forgetdoingsth忘記做了某事,此事已經(jīng)做完。根據(jù)“tomorrow”可知,此事沒(méi)有做,因此用動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。故選A。29.B【詳解】句意:今天,我們必須繼續(xù)打好藍(lán)天、碧水、凈土保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)“ourskiesblue,waterscleanandlandsclear”可知,藍(lán)天、碧水、凈土是繼續(xù)工作的目的,空格處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式表目的。故選B。30.D【詳解】句意:不要熬夜。該睡覺(jué)了??疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)“It’stime…”可知,此處為固定句型It’stimetodosth.“到了做某事的時(shí)候了”,應(yīng)用不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。故選D。31.D【詳解】句意:校長(zhǎng)要求學(xué)生在工作日穿校服??疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。requiresb.todosth.“要求某人做某事”,故選D。32.D【詳解】句意:對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),每天吃早飯是很有必要的??疾閯?dòng)詞不定式。根據(jù)“It’snecessaryforstudents”可知該句應(yīng)用It’s+adj.+forsbtodosth表示“對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō),做某事是怎么樣的”,it作形式主語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞不定式作真正的主語(yǔ)。故選D。33.D【詳解】句意:——我認(rèn)為教室需要打掃?!阏f(shuō)得對(duì)。我們將盡我們所能保持教室整潔??疾楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。第一空為needdoing“需要被做”,含有被動(dòng)含義,相當(dāng)于needtobedone;第二空應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故選D。34.C【詳解】句意:自動(dòng)駕駛公交車很智能。它們“知道”何時(shí)減速、停止或者重新啟動(dòng)??疾樘厥庖蓡?wèn)詞辨析。what什么;where(在)哪里;when什么時(shí)候;who誰(shuí)。根據(jù)“Self-drivingbusesaresmart.They“know”...toslowdown,stoporstartagain.”可知,此處指無(wú)人駕駛公交車知道什么時(shí)候減速、什么時(shí)候停止、什么時(shí)候重新啟動(dòng)。故選C。35.B【詳解】句意:課間休息時(shí)別忘了打開窗戶,保持教室里的空氣新鮮??疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)題意可知,打開窗戶是為了讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)入室內(nèi),保持室內(nèi)空氣新鮮,因此這里應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)表示目的。故選B。36.D【詳解】句意:懷特老師經(jīng)常鼓勵(lì)我們親近大自然,享受大自然的美麗??疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析題干可知,此處考查“encouragesb.todosth.”,意為“鼓勵(lì)某人做某事”,此處應(yīng)用get的不定式。故選D。37.C【詳解】句意:我沒(méi)有多少錢,不能負(fù)擔(dān)起借你錢買車??疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。affordtodosth.“負(fù)擔(dān)得起做某事”,固定用法。故選C。38.A【詳解】句意:我父母不允許我晚上一個(gè)人出去??疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。allowsb.todosth.“允許某人做某事”,動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故選A。39.B【詳解】句意:——為什么中國(guó)從2019年開始限制攀登珠峰北側(cè)的人數(shù)?——減少垃圾。據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)統(tǒng)計(jì),山上有超過(guò)140噸的垃圾??疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。Reduce減少,動(dòng)詞原形;Toreduce動(dòng)詞不定式;Reducing現(xiàn)在分詞或動(dòng)名詞;Reduced過(guò)去式或過(guò)去分詞。根據(jù)“WhydidChinastarttolimitthenumberofpeoplewhoareallowedtoclimbupthenorthsideofMountQomolangmain2019?”可知,限制攀登珠峰北側(cè)的人數(shù)的目的是為了減少垃圾,應(yīng)用不定式toreduce表示目的。故選B。40.D【詳解】句意:我做了很多食物,你喜歡吃什么就吃什么吧??疾椴欢ㄊ浇Y(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)feelfreetodosth.“隨便做某事”。故選D。41.C【詳解】句意:為了保持健康和苗條,她很少持油炸食品??疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。keep保持,原形;keeping,動(dòng)名詞;tokeep,動(dòng)詞不定式;kept,過(guò)去分詞。分析句型可知,eats為句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,則此處應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式來(lái)表目的,故選C。42.A【詳解】句意:那只狼看起來(lái)很恐怖。我不敢在靠近了??疾閯?dòng)詞不定式。daretodosth.“敢于做某事”,daretodosth.中的dare通常與一般動(dòng)詞一樣構(gòu)成否定式和疑問(wèn)式,后接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式,最常用于否定句中。故選A。43.B【詳解】句意:媽媽總是警告蒂娜不要和街上的陌生人說(shuō)話??疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。warnsb(not)todosth“警告某人(不)要做某事”,根據(jù)“warnsTina...tostrangersonthestreet”可知,應(yīng)是不要和陌生人說(shuō)話,故選B。44.C【詳解】句意:我們的老師總是警告我們不要在馬路上玩球,以免傷害自己??疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處是兩個(gè)常用英文表達(dá),warnsb(not)todosth“警告某人(不)要做某事”;avoiddoingsth“避免做某事”。故選C。45.A【詳解】句意:——我希望上烹飪課?!弥饕狻R私馀腼?,請(qǐng)?jiān)L問(wèn)這個(gè)網(wǎng)站??疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處表示目的,用動(dòng)詞不定式Tofind作目的狀語(yǔ),故選A。46.D【詳解】句意:我們學(xué)校經(jīng)常建議我們親近大自然,享受它的美麗??疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。advisesbtodosth“建議某人做某事”。故選D。47.D【詳解】句意:——為什么現(xiàn)在很多農(nóng)民把他們的產(chǎn)品放到網(wǎng)上?——為了更容易地銷售??疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)“Whydomanyfarmersputtheirproductsonlinethesedays”可知把他們的產(chǎn)品放到網(wǎng)上是為了更容易地銷售,作目的狀語(yǔ)用動(dòng)詞不定式。故選D。48.B【詳解】句意:扎西在學(xué)校工作很忙,但他從不忘記每天做運(yùn)動(dòng)。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。bebusydoingsth.“忙于做某事”,第一空應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞working,排除CD選項(xiàng);forgetdoingsth.“忘記做某事(事情已經(jīng)做了)”,forgettodosth.“忘記要做某事(事情還未做)”;根據(jù)“heneverforgets...exerciseeveryday.”可知,他每天從未忘記要鍛煉,應(yīng)用不定式。故選B。49.D【詳解】句意:這個(gè)小女孩太小而不能上學(xué)??疾榻Y(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。too...todosth太……而不能……;so...that+從句表示“如此……以至于……”。根據(jù)“Thelittlegirlis...young...gotoschool.”可知,應(yīng)該是表達(dá)“太小而不能上學(xué)”,需用too…to…句型,故選D。50.B【詳解】句意:我很餓。我需要一些吃的東西??疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)“I’msohungry.Ineedsomething”可知,此處指需要吃一些東西,應(yīng)用不定式作后置定語(yǔ),修飾“something”。故選B。51.A【詳解】句意:晚飯后,為了讓父母好好休息,我總是主動(dòng)提出洗碗??疾榉侵^語(yǔ)。todo動(dòng)詞不定式;do動(dòng)詞原形;does三單形式;doing現(xiàn)在分詞。offertodosth“主動(dòng)提出做某事”,空格處應(yīng)用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。故選A。52.C【詳解】句意:新的一年就要來(lái)了。我們將努力學(xué)習(xí)提高成績(jī)??疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句子可知,努力學(xué)習(xí)是為了提高成績(jī),應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式表目的,故選C。53.C【詳解】句意:老師要求我們放學(xué)后不要在圖書館里說(shuō)話。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)和短

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