2022.12六級真題第3套

2022年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題（三Part (30Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaythatbeginswiththesentence"Todaystudent'tam"statements,givereasons,orciteexamplestodevelopyouressay.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.Part ListeningParti: SectionA

(30(40Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmoret加nonce.Americancollegesanduniversitiesareusing64percentlesscoalthantheydidadecadeago,burning700,000tonslastyear,downfrom2milliontonsin2008,theU.S.EnergyInformationAdministration(EL心saidinareport1§yesterday.All57schoolsthatwereburningcoalin2008areusinglessnow,and20have_JJcoalMostuniversitieshaveturnedtonaturalgasasa1L,withstatefundingbackingthefuelWhileacademicinstitutionsuselessthanO.1percentofU.S.coalburnedforpower,campuscoalusehasahistorydatingbacktothe1800swhen1Ltopowerwasscarce.Manyuniversitiesstilloperatetheirownpowerplants..ThePublicUtilityRegulatoryPoliciesActof1978encouragedmoreelectricitygenerationbyallowinginstitutionstosell_巠powertoutilities.ButEIAnotedmanycoal-fireduniversitieshavesignedontotheAmericanCollegeandUniversityPresidentsClimateO>mmitment,whichwaslaunchedin2007.A切ut665schoolsarepartoftheprogram,whichaimsto_l_!_greenhousegasemissions.ThirtypercentoftheparticipantshavepledgedtobecarbonlLwithin20years.TheSierraClub'sBeyondO>alcampaign,whichalsoleadscampaignsforuniversitiestowithdrawtheir互incoalandotherfossilfuels,lists22schoolsthathavepledgedtomove"beyondcoal,"includingClemsonUniversity,IndianaUniversity,OhioUniversity,PennStateUniversity,theUniversityofLouisvilleandtheUniversityofTennessee,ThelargestcoaluselLatcollegeswereinMichigan,Missouri,TennesseeandIndiana.Indiana'suniversitiesalonecutcoal_35_by81percentbetween2008and2015.Duringthesameperiod,Michiganmadean80percentcutandTennesseecutbackby94percentatstateinstitutions.

D0)SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit．應(yīng)chstatementcontainsin,伈rmationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce．應(yīng)chparagraphismarkedwithaletter.A瓜werthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Classicalmusicaiinstoevolve,buildaudienceswithoutalienatingoldIvIn1913,classicalmusicsparkedariotinParis.IgorStravinskywasintroducingbisrevolutionary"RiteofSpring''ballettotheworld,withitsdiscordantmelodiesandunorthodoxchoreography（編舞），andthepuristsinthecrowdexpressedtheirdisapprovalloudandclear.Itmighthavebeenclassicalmusic'sversionofthetimeBobDylanwentelectricattheNewportFolkFestival."Thenoise,fighting,andshoutingintheaudiencegotsoloud,"NPR'smusicreporterMilesHoffmansaidoftheStravinskydebut,"thatthechoreographerhadtoshoutoutthenumberstothedancerssothattheyknewwhattheywereupposedtodo.".It'sianeInfact,it'shardtopictureanykindofdisruptiveactivityatall(unlesssomeone'scellphonehappenstogooff,andthenyou'dbetterwatchyourback).Amannerlyaura（氛圍）hangsovermostclassicalproceedings,andmanyofthegenre'sbiggestsupporterswouldhaveitnootherway.Today,Westernaudiencesforclassicalmusicandoperaandballetarealmostalwayswellolder,respectful,achinglysilentandoftenverywealthy(onehastobeabletoaffordmosttickets).ButasmanyofAmerica'smoststoried"highbrow"（高雅的）institutionsstrugglefinancially—PhiladelphiaOrchestra'smuch-publicizedreboundfrombankruptcyisjustonerecentexample-classicalmusicfansandtheoristsarewonderinghowthemediumcanweaveitselfintothe21stcentury'sculturalfabricwithoutsacrificingitsintegrity.Forexample,shouldwefeelOK"clappin曠duringclassicalmusicevents,evenifnobodyelseis?Whyshouldn'twecheerforsomethinggreat,likewedoatarockconcert?TheBuffingtonPostrecentlyranaGreatDebateonthisissueandmanycommenterscameoutonthesideofsilence."Thereisnomorerewardingexperienceinlifethanbeingpartofanaudiencewhereeverybodyisleaningforwardinsilence,thoroughlycarriedawaybyagreatperformanceofamasterpiece,"onecommenterwrote."Whyisitsodifficultforfolkstodevelopanappreciationandunderstandingforthemannerismsandtraditionsofclassicalmusic?"askedanother.Thetruthisthatclassicalmusicaudiencesweren'talwayssopolite.RobertGreenberg,anaward-winningcomposer,saidthatwhenBeethovenfirstperformedhis7thSymphony,audiencesforcedtheorchestratoperformencores（重演）ofcertainmovementsimmediately,applaudingwildly.Andinthelastfewdecades,hesaid,manyaudiencesatoperaperformanceshaveabandonedpretenses,yelling"Bravo"whentheyfeellikeit."Idon'tthinkthere'sanythingwrongwithanaudienceshowingtheirenthusiasmforapropermomentbyapplauding,showingtheirjoy,"Greenbergsaid,notingthatthestuffinessinconcerthallsis"oneaspectofcontemporaryconcertetiquette"hedoesn'tunderstand."Insteadofwaitinghalfanhourtoshowenthusiasm,whynotshowiteveryeightornineUntiltherulesaboutbehaviorandclothingchange,it'shardtoimaginemultitudesofyoungpeoplefillingconcerthallsontheirownaccord.They'reprobablymorelikelytoheadtoCentralParktowatchafreeperformancewithabottleofwineandtheirfriends."Ithinkanyoneshouldbeabletocomeintoaperformancedressedanywaytheylike,andbecomfortableanywaytheylike,sittinginthatseatreadytoenjoythemselves,"Greenbergsaid."Becauseit'senjoyable."Greenbergstressedthathedoesn'twantpeopletostartrespectingthemusicless,andhe'snotsuggestingthatwe"dumbdown"theexperience.Rather,it'saboutopeningup"access".Whenoperasfirstinstitutedsubtitles（字幕）duringshows,hesaid,manypuristsdidn'tliketheidea,believingthattheaudienceshouldinsteadstudytheworksbeforeattending.Butnowit'scommonplacetofindtitlesontheseatbackinfrontofyou—choosealanguage,sitback,andunderstandwhat'sgoingon.AllisonVulgamore,presidentofthePhiladelphiaOrchestra,iscertainlylookingtothefuture.Shesayscertain"classicsconcerts"dedicatedtotheoldmasterswillalwaysexist,butnoteveryprogramhastofeatureBeethovenandBrahms—orevenastageandseats."We'retryingtointroducekindsofconcertsindifferentways,"shesaid."Weareaninteractivesocietynow,wherepeopleliketolearn."AsthePhiladelphiaOrchestrareboundsfromitsfinancialstraits,itisalsoaimingtoexperiment,withoutalienatingtheloyalists.VulgamorepointedtoCirquedelaSymphonie,arecentofferinginwhichjugglers（玩雜耍的人）andacrobats（雜技演員）interactedwithmusicians.AnupcomingcollaborationwithNewYorkCity'sRidgeTheatre,meanwhile,willfeaturea"suspendeddanceinstallation"andothertheatricalelementsoccurringinconjunctionwithanorchestralpiece.Theorchestraalsocontinuestooffer$25annualmembershipstoPhiladelphiastudents,whocanbuyrushticketstoeveryconcertontheschedule."Studentslineupfortheconcertstheywant,andwegetroughly300or350kidsanightcomingtothese.Theytakeanyoftheopenseatsavailable,5minutesbeforetheconcertstarts,"Vulgamoresaid."It'sliketherunningofthebulls,thatenergywhenthedoorsopen."Greenbergthinksthatyouthfulenergyneedstobeharvested.Conductorsdon'thavetobearrogantanduntouchable-theycanbeaccessible.Perhapstherecouldevenbea"bitofhumor"aboutthem,hesuggested,andanabandoningofpretensionwithinthehigh-artinstitutionsthemselves."Ononehand,theseorganizationsareallsayingthesamething:wewantmoregeneralaudiences,tobreakdownculturalbarriers,"hesaid."Butthentheycomeupwithsomeverysnooty（目中無人的）thingthatmakesyoucrazy."JohnTerauds,acriticwhohascoveredToronto'sclassicalmusicsceneextensively,alsowantstodoawaywiththestuffiness.Hesuggestedthatthewarmeranaudienceis,thebetterthemusiciansthemselveswillrespond."Buttheproducerororganizerhastoleteveryoneknowit'sOK,"hesaid."It'sOKtoenjoyyourself."AttheTorontoSymphonyOrchestra,forexample,conductorPeterOundjianoftenstopsbetweenpieces,takingamomenttotalkaboutthecomposerorthemusicinaveryamiableway.Andsomenights,Teraudssaid,"atleastathird"oftheaudienceconsistsofstudentswhohavepurchasedcheapertickets.Onthesenights,theenergyoftheroomdrasticallyshifts.Itbecomesalessintimidatingplace.BackinFebruary,Teraudswroteonhisblogabouthowgoingtoclassicalperformancescanbeintimidating.Certainpeople"thinktheyhavetodressup,"hewrote."Theythinktheyhavetoknowsomethingaboutthemusicbeforetheygo.And,I'msure,sittinginaseat,tremblinginfearthatthismightbethewrongtimetoapplaud,isalsooneofthefactors."0)Everyoneintheclassicalworldagreesontheneedforincreased"accessibility,"butachievingitisofteneasiersaidthandone.Nowadays,thereareunknown,unorthodoxoperasingerswowing（博得……的喝彩）viewersonTVprogramslike"America'sGotTalent"and"TheVoice".Whatcanhigherinstitutionsdowithanyofthat?Andiftheyappealtotheseoutlets,dotheyriskcompromisingtheintegrityortheintelligenceofthemusic?P)Vulgamoreseemstounderstandthis.Shethinksanorganizationcanhaveitbothways,claimingthenewwhilekeepingtheold.AndasshereorganizesthePhiladelphiaOrchestra,shewillattempttodojustthat."Theworld'smostrespectedmusiciansbroughttogetherasanorchestrawillalwaysexist,"shesaid."Butit'sessentialthatwebewillingtoexperimentandfail."ItwasnotarareoccurrencethataudiencesbehavedwildlywhilelisteningtoclassicalSomehigh-artinstitutionsdon'tactuallymeanitwhentheysaytheywantmoregeneralThetheatrewasinchaoswhenanunconventionalballetwasfirstputonstageinthecapitalofAccordingtoonecritic,theaudience'swarmresponsewouldencouragethemusicianstodoabetterManycommentersarguedfortheaudienceenjoyingclassicalmusicWhatappearsontheseatbackscreenmakesitunnecessaryfortheaudiencetostudytheworksItisgenerallyacceptedthatthereshouldbenodisturbancefromtheaudienceduringclassicalmusicHigherinstitutionswillbeconcernedaboutcompromisingtheintegrityofclassicalmusiciftheyhavetoresorttothetelevisionmedium.HeavilydiscountedrushticketshelpattractmanyyoungstudentstoattendclassicalTheformalitiesofhigh-arttheatrescanintimidatesomepeopleattendingaSectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection．應(yīng)chpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingHowcanonepersonenjoygoodhealth,whileanotherpersonlooksoldbeforehertime?Humanshavebeenaskingthisquestionforthousandsofyears,andrecently,it'sbecomingclearerandclearertoscientiststhatthedifferencesbetweenpeople'sratesofaginglieinthecomplexinteractionsamonggenes,socialrelationships,environmentsandlifestyles.Eventhoughyouwerebornwithaparticularsetofgenes,thewayyoulivecaninfluencehowtheyexpressthemselves.Somelifestylefactorsmayeventurngenesonorshutthemoff.Deepwithinthegeneticheartofallourcellsaretelomeres,orrepeatingsegmentsofnoncodingDNAthatliveattheendsofthechromosomes（染色體）．Theyformcapsattheendsofthechromosomesandkeepthegeneticmaterialtogether.Shorteningwitheachcelldivision,theyhelpdeterminehowfastacellages.Whentheybecometooshort,thecellstopsdividingaltogether.Thisisn'ttheonlyreasonacellcanage—thereareotherstressesoncellswedon'tyetunderstandverywell—butshorttelomeresareoneofthemajorreasonshumancellsgrowold.We'vedevotedmostofourcareerstostudyingtelomeres,andoneextraordinarydiscoveryfromourlabsisthattelomerescanactuallylengthen.Scientistshavelearnedthatseveralthoughtpatternsappeartobeunhealthyfortelomeres,andorieofthemiscynicalhostility.Cynicalhostilityisdefinedbyhighangerandfrequentthoughtsthatotherpeoplecannotbetrusted.Someonewithhostilitydoesn'tjustthink,"Ihatetostandinlonglines";theythink,"Othersdeliberatelyspedupandbeatmetomyrightfulpositionintheline!"-andthengetviolentlyagitated.Peoplewhoscorehighonmeasuresofcynicalhostilitytendtogetmoreheartdisease,metabolicdiseaseandoftendieatyoungerages.Theyalsohaveshortertelomeres.InastudyofBritishcivilservants,menwhoscoredhighonmeasuresofcynicalhostilityhadshortertelomeresthanmenwhosehostilityscoreswerelow.Themosthostilemenwere30%morelikelytohaveshorttelomeres.Whatthismeans:agingisadynamicprocessthatcouldpossiblybeacceleratedorslowed—and,insomeaspects,evenreversed.Toanextent,ithassurprisedusandtherestofthescientificcommunitythattelomeresdonotsimplycarryoutthecommandsissuedbyyourgeneticcode.Yourtelomeresarelisteningtoyou.Thefoodsyoueat,yourresponsetochallenges,theamountofexerciseyouget,andmanyotherfactorsappeartoinfluenceyourtelomeresandcanpreventprematureagingatthecellularlevel.Oneofthekeystoenjoyinggoodhealthissimplydoingyourparttofosterhealthycellrenewal.WhathavescientistscometoknowbetterWhypeopleageatdifferentHowgenesinfluencetheagingHowvariousgenesexpressthemselvesinWhypeoplehavelongbeenconcernedaboutWhyaresomelifestylefactorsconsideredextremelyTheymayshortentheprocessofcellTheymaydeterminehowgenesTheymayaffectthelifespanofTheymayaccountforthestressesonWhathavetheauthorandhiscolleaguesdiscoveredaboutTheirnumberaffectsthegrowthof C)TheirshorteningprocesscanbeTheirlengthdeterminesthequalityof D)TheirhealthimpactsthedivisionofWhathavescientistslearnedaboutcynicalItmayleadtoconfrontationalthoughtItmayproduceanadverseeffectonItmaycausepeopletolosetheirtemperItmaystirupagitationamongthoseinlongWhatdowelearnfromthelastparagraphabouttheprocessofItmayvaryfromindividualto C)Itdependsonone'sgeneticItchallengesscientiststoexplorefurther. D)Itmaybecontrolledtoadegree.P邸噸e1\voQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingScientistshavecreatedbyaccidentanenzyme（酶）thatbreaksdownplasticdrinksbottles.Thebreakthroughcouldhelpsolvetheglobalplasticpollutioncrisisbyenablingforthefirsttimethefullrecyclingofbottles.Thenewresearchwasspurredbythediscoveryin2016ofthefirstbacteriumthathadnaturallyevolvedtoeatplasticatawastedumpinJapan.Scientistshavenowrevealedthedetailedstructureofthecrucialenzymeproducedbythebug.Aninternationalteamthenadjustedtheenzymetoseehowithadevolved,buttestsshowedtheyhadaccidentallymadethemoleculeevenbetteratbreakingdowntheplasticusedfordrinksbottles."Whatactuallyturnedoutwasweimprovedtheenzyme,whichwasabitofashock,"saidheadresearcherProf.McGeehan,attheUniversityofPortsmouth,UK.Currently,theenzymetakesafewdaystostartbreakingdowntheplastic,farfasterthanthecenturiesittakesintheoceans,buttheresearchersareoptimisticthiscanbespeededupevenfurtherandbecomeaviablelarge-scaleprocess."Whatwearehopingtodoisusethisenzymetoturnthisplasticbackintoitsoriginalcomponents,sowecanliterallyrecycleitbacktoplastic,"saidMcGeehan."Itmeanswewon'tneedtodigupanymoreoiland,fundamentally,itshouldreducetheamountofplasticintheenviromnent."About1millionplasticbottlesaresoldeachminutearoundtheglobeand,withjust14%recycled,manyendupintheoceanswheretheyhavepollutedeventheremotestparts,harmingmarinelifeandpotentiallypeoplewhoeatseafood."Plasticisincrediblyresistanttodegradation,"saidMcGeehan."Itisoneofthesewondermaterialsthathasbeenmadealittlebittoowell."Currentlythosebottlesthatarerecycledcanonlybeturnedintoopaquefibresforclothingorwhilethenewenzymeindicatesawaytorecycleoldclearplasticbottlesbackintonewclearplastic"Youarealwaysupagainstthefactoilischeap,soplasticischeap,"saidMcGeehan."Itissoformanufacturerstogeneratemoreofthatstuff,ratherthaneventrytorecycle,butIbelievethereisapublicinteresthere:perceptionischa