05到16年考研英語一真題(一)

2016

Text1

France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashionindustryhaslostanabsoluteright

todefinephysicalbeautyforwomen.Itslawmakersgavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeita

crimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunaways.Theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthatuinciteexcessive

thinness“bypromotingextremedieting.

Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendup

impingingonhealth.That'sastart.Andthebanonultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfrom

starvingthemselvestodeath-assomehavedone.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmusttakeresponsibilityforthesignal

itsendswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividual

worth.

Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowomen(andmanymen)thattheyshouldnotletothersbearbitersoftheir

beauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectrather

thandietingtheirwaytosizezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.

TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculturethatstillregardsbeautyas

skin-deep-andbone-showing.Underthelaw,usingafashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexof

bodymasscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.

Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornmentandidealizedbodytypes.In

Denmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardsformodelsandfashion

imagesthatrelymoreonpeerpressureforenforcement.

IncontrasttoFrance'sactions,Denmark'sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesandsanctionsregardingtheage,

health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.ThenewlyrevisedDanishFashionEthicalCharterclearlystates:"Weare

awareofandtakeresponsibilityfortheimpactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyonyoungpeople.v

Thecharter'smaintoolofenforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagenFashion

Week(CFW),whichisrunbytheDanishFashionInstitute.Butingeneralitreliesonaname-and-shamemethodof

compliance.

Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybethebeststep.Evenbetter

wouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandardsofaparticularindustry.

21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninFrance?

[A]Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed.

[B]Physicalbeautywouldberedefined.

[C]Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive.

[D]Thefashionindustrywoulddecline.

22.Thephrase“impingingon”(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]heighteningthevalueof.

[B]indicatingthestateof.

[C]losingfaithin.

[D]doingharmto.

23.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry?

[A]NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark.

[B]TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed.

[C]Modelsarenolongerunderpeerpressure.

[D]Itsinherentproblemsaregettingworse.

24.AdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWfor

[A]pursuingperfectphysicalconditions.

[B]caringtoomuchaboutmodels'character.

[C]showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors.

[D]settingahighagethresholdformodels.

25.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?

[A]AChallengetotheFashionIndustry'sBodyIdeals

[B]ADilemmafortheStarvingModelsinFrance

[C]JustAnotherRoundofStruggleforBeauty

[D]TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustry

Text2

Forthefirsttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritainthishashadacuriousresult.

WhilepollsshowBritonsrate“thecountryside,,alongsidetheroyalfamily,ShakespeareandtheNationalHealth

Service(NHS)aswhatmakesthemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.

AcenturyagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhousesbuttosave“thebeautyofnatural

placesforeveryoneforever."Itwasspecificallytoprovidecitydwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycould

experience“arefreshingair."Hili'spressureslaterledtothecreationofnationalparksandgreenbelts.Theydon't

makecountrysideanymore,andeveryyearconcreteconsumesmoreofit.Itneedsconstantguardianship.

Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentiment.TheConservatives'planningreform

explicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation,evenauthorizing“off-plan“buildingwherelocalpeople

mightobject.Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable.Labourlikewisewantsto

discontinuelocalplanningwherecouncilsopposedevelopment.TheLiberalDemocratsaresilent.OnlyUkip,sensingits

chance,hassidedwiththosepleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.ItsCampaigntoProtectRural

EnglandstruckterrorintomanylocalConservativeparties.

Thesensibleplacetobuildnewhouses,factoriesandofficesiswherepeopleare,incitiesandtownswhere

infrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsStirlingAckroydrecentlyidentifiedenoughsitesforhalfamillionhousesin

theLondonareaalone,withnointrusionongreenbelt.WhatistrueofLondoniseventrueroftheprovinces.

Theideathat“housingcrisis“equals“concretedmeadows“ispurelobbytalk.Theissueisnottheneedformore

housesbut,asalways,wheretoputthem.Underlobbypressure,GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturban

renovationandrenewal.Hefavoursout-of-townshoppingsitesagainsthighstreets.Thisisnotafreemarketbutabiased

one.Ruraltownsandvillageshavegrownandwillalwaysgrow.Theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredgesand

respectstheircharacter.Wedonotruinurbanconservationareas.Whyruinruralones?

Developmentshouldbeplanned,notletrip.AftertheNetherlands,BritainisEurope'smostcrowdedcountry.Halfa

centuryoftownandcountryplanninghasenabledittoretainanenviableruralcoherence,whilestillpermitting

low-densityurbanliving.Thereisnodoubtofthealternative——thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,Spainor

Ireland.Avoidingthisratherthanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandrightofthepoliticalspectrum.

26.Britain?spublicsentimentaboutthecountryside

[A]didn,tstarttilltheShakespeareanage.

[B]hasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS.

[C]isfullybackedbytheroyalfamily.

[D]isnotwellreflectedinpolitics.

27.AccordingtoParagraph2,theachievementsoftheNationalTrustarenowbeing

[A]graduallydestroyed.

[B]effectivelyreinforced.

[C]largelyovershadowed.

[D]properlyprotected.

28.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?

[A]Labourisunderattackforopposingdevelopment.

[B]TheConservativesmayabandon“off-plan“building.

[C]TheLiberalDemocratsarelosingpoliticalinfluence.

[D]Ukipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconservation.

29.TheauthorholdsthatGeorgeOsborne?spreference

[A]highlightshisfirmstandagainstlobbypressure.

[B]showshisdisregardforthecharacterofruralareas.

[C]stressesthenecessityofeasingthehousingcrisis.

[D]revealsastrongprejudiceagainsturbanareas.

30.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorshowshisappreciationof

[A]thesizeofpopulationinBritain.

[B]thepoliticallifeintoday'sBritain.

[C]theenviableurbanlifestyleinBritain.

[D]thetown-and-countryplanninginBritain.

Text3

“Thereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusiness,wroteMiltonFriedman,aNobelprize-winningeconomist

uThatis,touseitsresourcesandengageinactivitiesdesignedtoincreaseitsprofits.,,ButevenifyouacceptFiedman'

spremiseandregardcorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)policiesasawasteofshareholdersmoney,thingsmaynotbe

absolutelyclear-cut.NewresearchsuggeststhatCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcompanies-atleastwhentheyare

prosecutedforcorruption.

ThelargestfirmsisAmericaandBritaintogetherspendmorethan$15billionayearonCSR,accordingtoanestimate

byEPG,aconsultingfirm,Thiscouldaddvaluetotheirbusinessesinthreeways.First,consumersmaytakeCSR

spendingasa“signal“thatacompany'sproductsareofhighquality.Second,customersmaybewillingtobuya

company,sproductsasanindirectwaytodonatetothegoodcausesishelps.Andthird,throughamorediffuse”halo

effect,“wherebyitsgooddeedsearnitgreaterconsiderationfromconsumersandothers.

PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseeffectsbecauseconsumerscanbeaffectedbyallthree.A

recentstudyattemptstoseparatethembylookingatbriberyprosecutionsunderAmerica'sForeignCorruptPracticesAct

(FCPA).Itarguesthatsinceprosecutorsdonotconsumeacompany'sproductsaspartoftheirinvestigations,theycould

beinfluencedonlybythehaloeffect.

Thestudyfoundthat,amongprosecutedfirms,thosewiththemostcomprehensiveCSRprogrammestendedtogetmore

lenientpenalties.Theiranalysisruledoutthepossibilitythatitwasfirms1politicalinfluence,ratherthantheirCSR

stand,thataccountedfortheleniency:Companiesthatcontributedmoretopoliticalcampaignsdidnotreceivelower

fines.

Inall,thestudyconcludesthatwhereasprosecutorsshouldonlyevaluateacasebasedonitsmerits,theydoseento

influencedbyacompany'srecordinCSR."Weestimatethateithereliminatingasubstantiallabour-rightsconcern,such

aschildlabour,orincreasingcorporategivingbyabout20%resultsinfinesthatgenerallyare40%lowerthanthetypical

punishmentforbribingforeignofficials,"saysoneresearcher.

ResearchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionofhowmuchbusinessesoughttospendonCSR.Nor

doesitrevealhowmuchcompaniesarebankingonthehaloeffect,ratherthantheotherpossiblebenefits,whenthey

decidetheirdo-goodingpolicies.Butatleasthavedemonstratedthatwhencompaniesgetintotroublewiththelaw,

evidenceofgoodcharactercanwinthemalesscostlypunishment.

31.TheauthorviewsMiltonFriedman'sstatementaboutCSRwith

[A]tolerance

[B]skepticism

[C]uncertainty

[D]approval

32.AccordingtoParagraph2,CSRhelpsacompany

[Alwinningtrustfromconsumers.

[B]guardingitagainstmalpractices.

[C]protectingitfrombeingdefamed.

[D]raisingthequalityofitsproducts.

33.Theexpression"morelenient',(Line2,Para.4)isclosestinmeaningto

[Almoreeffective.

[B]lesscontroversial.

[C]lesssevere.

[D]morelasting.

34.Whenprosecutorsevaluateacase,acompany'sCSRrecord

[Alhasanimpactontheirdecision.

[B]comesacrossasreliableevidence.

[C]increasesthechanceofbeingpenalized.

[D]constitutespartoftheinvestigation.

35.WhichofthefollowingistrueofCSR,accordingtothelastparagraph?

[AlItsnegativeeffectsonbusinessesareoftenoverlooked.

[B]Thenecessaryamountofcompanies'spendingonitisunknown.

[C]Companies*financialcapacityforithasbeenoverestimated.

[D]Ithasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry.

Text4

TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimescasestopublishstoriesonnewsprint.Exactlywhen

thatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate."Sometimeinthefuture“thepaper'spublishersaidbackin2010.

Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,there?splentyofincentivetoditchprint.The

infrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspapers-printingpresses.deliverytruck-isn,tjustexpensive;it's

excessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitiondon'thavethesamesetfinancialconstraints.Readersaremigrating

awayfromprintaway,Andalthoughprintadsalesstilldwarftheironlineandmobilecounterpartsrevenuefromprintis

stilldeclining.

Overheadmaybehighandcirculationlowe,butrushingtoeliminateitsprinteditorwouldbeamistake,says

BuzzFeedCEOJonahPeretti.

PerettisaystheTimesshouldn'twastetimegettingoftheprintbusiness,onlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightaway

uFiguringoutawaytoacceleratethattransitionwouldmakesenseforthem“hesaid,“butifyoudiscontinueit,you're

goingtohaveyourmostloyalcustomersreallyupsetwithyou."

Sometimesthat*sworthmakingachangeanyway".PerettigivesexampleofNetflixdiscontinuingitsDVD-mailing

servicetofocusonstreaming."Itwasseenasablunder.*'hesaid.Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.AndifPeretti

wereinchargeatthetimes?H1wouldn'tpickyeartoendprint."hesaid."Iwouldraiseandmakeitintomoreofalegacy

product.??

Themostloyalcostumerwouldstillgeltheproducttheyfavor,theideagoes,andthey'dfeelliketheywerehelping

sustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein."Soifyou'reoverpayingforprint,youcouldfeellikeyouwerehelping,"

perettisaid.nThenincreaseitatrateeachyearandessentiallytrytogenerateadditionalrevenue."Inotherwords,if

you'regoingtoprintproduct,makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit.WhichmaybewhattheTimesis

doingalready.Gettingtheprinteditionsevendaysaweekcostsnearly$500ayear——morethantwiceasmuchasa

digital-onlysubscription.

"It'sareallyhardthingtodoandit'satremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesn*thavealegacybusiness,"Peretti

remarked."Butwe'regoingtohavequestionslikethatwherewehavethingswe'redoingthatdon'tmakesensewhenthe

market.Changeandtheworldchanges.Inthosesituations,it'sbettertobemoreaggressivethanlessaggressive."

36.TheNewYorkTimesisconsideringendingitsprinteditionpartlydue

[A]thehighcostofoperation.

[B]thepressureformitsinvestors.

[C]thecomplaintsformitsreaders

[D]theincreasingonlineadasles.

37.Perettisuggeststhat,infaceofthepresentsituation,theTimesshould

[A]seeknewsourcesofreadership.

[B]endtheprinteditionforgoog.

[C]aimforefficitentmanagement.

[D]makestrategicadiustments.

38.ItcaninferredformParagraphs5and6thata“l(fā)egacyproduct

[A]helpsrestorethegloryofformertimes.

[B]ismeantforthemostloyalcustomers.

[C]willhavethecostofprintingreduced.

[D]expandsthepopularityofthepaper

39.Perettibelievesthat,inachangingworld,

[A]legacybusinessesarebecomingoutdated

[B]cautiousnessfacilitatesproblem-solving.

[C]aggressivenessbettermeetschallenges.

[D]traditionalluxuriescanstayunaffected.

40.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?

[A]ShifttoOnlineNewspapersAllatOnce

[B]CherishtheNewspapersStillinYourHand

[C]MakeYourPrintNewspaperaLuxuryGood

[D]KeepYourNewspapersForeverinFashion

2015

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyour

answersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“kingsdon'tabdicate,theydareintheirsleep.^Butembarrassingscandals

andthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,

doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?Doesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforall

Europeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyle?

TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarised,

asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove"mere"politicsand“embody、spiritof

nationalunity.

Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs,continuingpopularitypolarized.Andalso,the

MiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms(notcountingVatican

CityandAndorra).ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvived

becausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.

Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirvery

history-andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday-embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.At

atimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinherited

wealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.

Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princesandprincesseshave

day-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththe

international1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.

WhileEurope'smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyals

whohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.

ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy'sreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-heeled)granny

style.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewof

theworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice-as

non-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,not

republicans,whoarethemonarchy9sworstenemies.

21.AccordingtothefirsttwoParagraphs,KingJuanCarlosofSpain

[A]usedturnenjoyhighpublicsupport

[B]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals

[C]casedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals

[D]endedhisreigninembarrassment

22.MonarchsarekeptasheadsofstateinEuropemostly

[A]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus

[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality

[C]togivevotermorepublicfigurestolookupto

[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment

23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?

[A]AristocratsExcessiverelianceoninheritedwealth

[B]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies

[C]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies

[D]Thenobility'sadherencetotheirprivileges

24.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear^becauseCharles

[A]takesaroughlineonpoliticalissues

[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised

[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies

[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole

25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined

[B]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone

[C]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs

[D]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats

TEXT2

JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?TheSupremeCpurtwillnowconsiderwhether

policecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.

Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptions

thatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,for

judgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.

ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia^advice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,

evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.

TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia^lameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone-avast

storehouseofdigitalinformationissimilartosay,goingthroughasuspect5spurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon't

violatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorporcketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.But

exploringone'ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee'sreading

history,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof

“cloudcomputing.meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.

ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia'sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemands

novelapplicationsoftheConstitution'sprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibility

ofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe

20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortout

howtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.

26.TheSupremecourt,willworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto

[A]searchforsuspects'mobilephoneswithoutawarrant.

[B]checksuspects'phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.

[C]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.

[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.

27.Theauthor5sattitudetowardCalifornia^argumentisoneof

[A]tolerance.

[B]indifference.

[C]disapproval.

[D]cautiousness.

28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone'sphonecontentiscomparableto

[A]gettingintoone'sresidence.

[B]handingone'shistoricalrecords.

[C]scanningone'scorrespondences.

[D]goingthroughone'swallet.

29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat

[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.

[B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.

[C]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation.

[D]citizens'privacyisnoteffectiveprotected.

30.OrinKerr'scomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat

(A)theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly.

(B)NewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution.

(C)Califbmia'sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution.

(D)PrinciplesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered.

Text3

ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarcia

McNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasic

mistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.

“Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,writesMcNuttinaneditorial.Working

withtheAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewing

editors(SBoRE).Manuwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal'sinternaleditors,orbyitsexisting

BoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreview

thesemanus.

Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:"Thecreationofthe'statistics

board5wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandis

partofScience'soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.^^

GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,says

heexpectstheboardto“playprimarilyanadvisoryrole.^Heagreedtojoinbecausehe"foundtheforesightbehindthe

establishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.Thisimpactwillnotonlybethrough

thepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheir

approachafterScience.^^

31.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphIthat

[A]Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess.

[Bjournalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks.

[C]fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis.

[D]lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects.

32.Thephrase“flaggedup”(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningto

[A]found.

[B]revised.

[C]marked

[D]stored

33.GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay

[A]poseathreattoallitspeers

[B]meetwithstrongopposition

[C]increaseScience'scirculation.

[D]setanexampleforotherjournals

34.DavidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow

A.addstoresearchers9worklosd.

B.diminishestheroleofreviewers.

C.hasroomforfurtherimprovement.

D.istofailintheforeseeablefuture.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

A.ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers

B.ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect

C.DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors5Desks

D.StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScience

Text4

Twoyearsago,RupertMurdoch'sdaughter,Elisabeth,spokeofthe"'unsettlingdearthofintegrityacrosssomany

ofourinstitutions^Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonly“sorting

mechanism“insocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.But"it'sus,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesociety

wewant,notprofit

Drivingherpointhome,shecontinued:ccIfsincreasinglyapparentthattheabsenceofpurpose,ofamorallanguage

withingovernment,mediaorbusinesscouldbecomeoneofthemostdangerousfoalsforcapitalismandfreedom."This

sameabsenceofmoralpurposewaswoundingcompaniessuchasNewsInternational,shieldthought,makingitmore

likelythatitwouldloseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegaltelephonehacking.

Asthehackingtrialconcludes-findingguiltyones-editoroftheNewsoftheWorld,AndyCoulson,forconspiring

tohackphones,andfindinghispredecessor,RebekahBrooks,innocentofthesamecharge-thewinderissueofdearthof

integritystillstandstill,Journalistsareknowntohavehackedthephonesofupto5,500people.Thisishackingonan

industrialscale,aswasacknowledgedbyGlennMulcaire,themanhiredbytheNewsoftheWorldin2001tobethe

pointpersonforphonehacking.Othersawaittrial.Thislongstorystillunfolds.

Inmanyrespects,thedearthof