英語副詞教學(xué)

匯報人：xxx20xx-04-08英語副詞教學(xué)BasicConceptsandClassificationofEnglishAdvertisersAdverbsmodifyverbs,adjectives,andadverbsAdvancementsexpressthemeaningoftime,frequency,degree,etc目錄TheroleandpositionofadvertisementsinsentimentsAnalysisandUsageofCommonConfusedAdvancementsCommontypesoferrorsandcorrectionmethods目錄01BasicConceptsandClassificationofEnglishAdvertisersDefinitionandFunctionAdvantersarewordsthatdescribeverbs,advertisements,orotheradvertisementsTheyprovideadditionalinformationabouthow,when,where,ortowhatextentanactionorstateistakingplaceAdvanterscanmodifyverbsbydescribingtheManner,time,frequency,orintensityoftheactiondescribehowanactionisperformed(e.g.,quickly,slowly)Advantageousofmenindicatewhenanactionoccurs(e.g.,yesterday,tomorrow)Advantageousoftimeshowhowoftenanactiontakesplace(e.g.,always,never)Advancementsoffrequencyexpressthedegreeorextentofanactionorstate(e.g.,very,extremely)AdvancementsofintensityClassificationandUsageofAdvancementsMannerBeautiful,Careful,LoudlyTimealready,soon,laterFrequencyoften,monly,rarelyIntensityextreme,slightly,pletelyPlacehere,there,everywhereDirectionup,down,forwardListofCommonAdvertisersAdverbshaveflexiblepositionsinsentencesandcanbeplacedatthebeginning,middle,orendofthesentence.Insimplesentences,adverbsaregenerallyplacedaftertheverborattheendofthesentence.Inpoundsentences,adverbscanbeplacedbeforethemainclauseorwithinthesubordinateclausetomodifytheentiresentenceorclause.Someadverbshaveafixedpositioninasentence,suchasfrequencyadverbs,whichareusuallyplacedbeforesubstantiveverbsandaftermodalverbs,auxiliaryverbs,andbeverbs.Thepositionofadverbsinasentence02Adverbsmodifyverbs,adjectives,andadverbsAdverbscanmodifyverbs,indicatingtheway,time,frequency,degree,etc.ofanaction.Forexample,theword"loudly"in"Hespokeloudly."isanadverbthatmodifiestheverb"spoke.".Adverbs,whenmodifyingverbs,areusuallyplacedaftertheverborattheendoftheentiresentence.Forexample,"Shedancesbeautifully."and"Theyworkhardallday."Someadverbscanmodifyverbphrasestoindicatethesituationormanneroftheentireaction.Forexample,the"well"in"Theyaregettingalongwell."isanadverbthatmodifiestheverbphrase"aregettingalongwell.".TheusageofadverbswhenmodifyingverbsAdverbscanalsomodifyadjectivestodescribethedegreeandmannerofthepropertyorstaterepresentedbytheadjective.Forexample,"Sheisextremelybeautiful"isanadverbthatmodifiestheadjective"beautiful".Whenadverbsmodifyadjectives,theyareusuallyplacedbeforetheadjective.Forexample,theadverb"very"in"Thisisaveryinterestingbook.".Someadverbscanformfixedphraseswithadjectivestoexpressspecificmeanings.Forexample,in"Heisquitesureofhissuccess.","quitesure"isafixedphrasethatmeans"veryconfident.".AdvancedusagewhenmodifyingobjectivesAdverbscanalsomodifyotheradverbstostrengthenorweakentheirtoneordegree.Forexample,the"very"in"Herunsveryfast."isanadverbthatmodifiestheadverb"fast.".Itshouldbenotedthatnotalladverbscanmodifyotheradverbs,andonlysomeadverbshavethisusage.Whenadverbsmodifyotheradverbs,theyareusuallyplacedbeforetheadverbbeingmodified.Forexample,the"extreme"in"Shesingsextremelywell."isanadverbthatmodifiestheadverb"well.RulesformodifyingotheradvertisementsWhenmultiplemodifyingelementsappearsimultaneously,theirorderusuallyfollowscertainrules.Generallyspeaking,themostrestrictiveponents(suchasarticles,possessivepronouns,etc.)areclosesttothemodifiedword,followedbyopinionorevaluativeponents(suchascertainadjectives),followedbydescriptiveponentssuchassize,length,shape,etc.(suchasotheradjectives),andfinally,ponentsrepresentingtime,place,way,etc.(suchasadverbs).OrderofcooccurrenceofmultiplemodifyingcomponentsForexample,in"Isawaverytalloldmanwalkingslowlytowardsme.""a"isthequalifier,"verytall"istheopinionorevaluativeponent,"old"isthedescriptiveponent,and"walkingslowly"istheexpressiveponent.Itshouldbenotedthatinpracticaluse,theserulesarenotabsolute.Sometimes,inordertoemphasizeacertainponentorforotherconsiderations,theorderofmodifyingponentscanbeadjustedappropriately.Orderofcooccurrenceofmultiplemodifyingcomponents03Advancementsexpressthemeaningoftime,frequency,degree,etcTimeadsareusedtodescribewhenanactiontakesplaceorthefrequencyofanactionExamplesofusage:"Ialwayseatbreakfastat7a.m.""Sheusuallygoesshoppingafterwork."Commontimeadvertisementsinclude:always,monly,often,sometimes,self,never,etcAdvancementsofTimeandTheirUsageFrequencyadaptersindicatehowoftenanactionoccursCommonfrequencyadvertisementsinclude:frequently,occasionally,rarely,regularly,etcExamplesofuse:"Ifrequentlyvisitmygrandparentsonweekends.""Heoccasionallyplaystheguitarforfun."FrequencyadaptersandtheirusageExamplesofuse:"Sheisverytalkedinpainting.""Themoviewasquiteboring,Ifellasleephalfwaythrough."Advancementsofdegreedescribetheintensityorextentofanaction,objective,orotheradvocateCommonadsofdegreeinclude:very,quite,too,enough,extremely,etcAdvancementsofDegreeandTheirUsageInadditiontotime,frequency,anddegreeads,therearealsomanualads,placeads,andtransitionaladsPlaceadvertisementsindicatewhereanactiontakesplaceCommonplaceadvertisementsinclude:here,there,everywhere,nearby,etcConjunctiveadaptersconnectideasorsensesCommontransitionaladvertisementsinclude:however,thereare,meanwhile,moreover,etcManneradvertisementsdescribehowanactionisperformedCommonbanneradsinclude:happy,quick,carefully,etcIntroductiontoothertypesofadvertisements04TheroleandpositionofadvertisementsinsentimentsGenerallyspeaking,advertisementsareplacedbeforethemainverborafterthebeverbinsimpleintentionsSomeadvertisementscanalsobeplacedatthebeginningofapresencetoemphasizetheadvisorymeansInsomecases,advertisementscanbeplacedattheendofasentencetomodifytheentiresentenceThepositionofadvertisementsinsimpleintentionsSometimes,advertisementscanalsobeplacedinthemiddleofaclausetomodifyaspecificverborphraseItisworthnotingthatthepositionofadvertisementsinpoundsensesmayvarydependingonthecontextandthespecificusageInpoundsenses,advertisementsaremonlyplacedatthebeginningoftheclausetomodifytheentireclauseThepositionofadvertisementsincompoundintentionsAdvanterscanexpressdifferentmoodssuchastime,place,Manner,degree,etc.,whichcanaffecttheoverallmoodofthepresenceTheuseofsomespecificadvertisementscanmakethepresencemorevividandexpressiveOntheotherhand,theoveruseormisuseofadvertisementsmaymakethepresenceappearancecumbersomeandunclearlyTheInfluenceofAdvancementsonSentenceWood01Advantageouscanbeusedtoconnectsensesandparagraphs,makingthetextmorecoherentandlogical02Byusingadvertisements,theauthorcanexpresstherelationshipbetweensensesmoreclearly,suchascauseandeffect,contrast,andprocess03Inaddition,advertisementscanalsobeusedtoindicatetheorderofeventsorthesequenceofideas,helpingreadersbetterunderstandthetextAdvantershaveacohesivefunctionincourse05AnalysisandUsageofCommonConfusedAdvancementsThisadvertisementisusedtoindicatethatsomethinghashappenedbeforethepresentationtimeorbeforeanyotheractioninthepastItoftengoeswiththepresentperfecttenseExample:"Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework."AlreadyThisadvertisementisusedtoindicatethatsomethinghasnothappeneduptothepresentationtime,ortointroduceacontrastwithwhathasbeensaidbeforeItoftengoeswithnegativestatementsorquestionsExample:"Ihaven'tfinishedmyhomeyet."YesAnalysisofalreadyandyetThisadvertisementisusedtoindicatethatsomethingisalsotrueofanotherpersonorthing,orthatsomethingisexceptionalExample:"Ilikeicecreamtoo.""Sheeatstoomuchcandy."TooThisadvertisementisusedtoindicatethatoneortheotheroftwothingsistrue,orthatbotharepossibleItisoftenusedinnegativeintentionstomean"neither."Example:"Youcanchooseeithertheredshirtortheblueshirt.""Idon'twanteitherofthoseoptions."BothAnalysisofTooandNeitherHardlyThisadvertisementisusedtoindicatethatsomethingmostdidnothappenorthatitwasonlyjustdoneIt'stoooftenhasanegativeannotationExample:"IcouldhardlybelievewhatIwashearing."BarelyThisadvertisementisusedtoindicatethatsomethingwasdonewithgreatdiversityoronlyjustmanagedtobedoneItalsohasanegativeannotationExample:"Ibarelyhadenoughtimetofinishtheproject."AnalysisofHardlyandBarelyEffectvs.Effect"Effect"isaverbmeaningtoinfluenceorchange,while"effect"isanounreferringtotheresultorouteofsomethingItvs.It's"It"isapassivepronounmeaningbeinglongtoit,while"it's"isacontractof"itis"or"ithas.""Therevs.Therevs.They're"They"isapositiveproofreferringtomorethanonepersonorthing,"there"isanadvisoryindicatinglocation,and"They're"isacontractof"theyare."ComparisonofothereasilyfusedadvertisementsTovs.Toovs.Two"To"isapropositionwithmultipleuses,includingindicatingdirectionorpurpose;"Too"isanadvisorymeaningalsoorexceptionally;And"two"isanumericalindicationofthenumber2Comparisonofothereasilyfusedadvertisements06CommontypesoferrorsandcorrectionmethodsUsingadvertisementsofdegreeincorrectForexample,using"very"exceptionallyorinappropriatelywithadvertisementsorotheradvertisementsConfusingadsoftime,place,andmanMixingupadsthatdescribehow,when,orwhereanactionoccurs,suchasusing"there"insteadof"here"or"then"insteadof"now."IncorrectformationofadvertisementsFailingtoformadvertisementscorrectlyfromadvertisements,suchasusing"quick"installof"quick"or"slow"installof"slow"."MisuseofdifferenttypesofadvertisementsNotconsideringtheoverallmeaningofthepresenceFocusingonlyontheindividualwordorphraseandneglectinghowitfitsintothelargercontextUsingadvertisementsthatdirectlyaffecttheverbortherestofthepresenceForexample,using"happily"withaverbthatimpliesimmunityorusing"quickly"withaverbthatsuggestsslownessFailingtoadjustadapterusagefordifferentregistersandstylesNotadaptingadapterusagetoformalorinformationalcontexts,ortodifferentgenressuchasacademicwriting,journalism,orfictionIgnoringcontextleadstomisuseOverloadingon"very,""really,"and"extremely"