專(zhuān)題15 閱讀還原

專(zhuān)題15閱讀還原復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)還原句子型閱讀是中考題型中比較新的題型，一般有200-250個(gè)單詞左右，常見(jiàn)題型為5選5（廣州，湖北荊州等）、6選5（深圳，成都等），7選5（山東，江蘇等）。這題型實(shí)際上需要學(xué)生拓寬自己思維的深度和廣度，不再只是簡(jiǎn)單地從句子層面出發(fā)理解和把控詞匯含義和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，從而逐步理解篇章意思，而是從更高層次的篇章層面上，立足整體，體會(huì)句子或語(yǔ)段前后的銜接和連貫性，進(jìn)而把握篇章大意和作者寫(xiě)作思路及其意圖。它要求考生不但要有扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言功底，而且還要有較強(qiáng)的邏輯思維能力，要求考生能夠“既見(jiàn)樹(shù)木又見(jiàn)森林”，極大的增加了考生的難度?？键c(diǎn)概覽解題技巧在做閱讀還原題的過(guò)程中，要關(guān)注段落中各句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系（主要有并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系等）及在英語(yǔ)閱讀中常見(jiàn)的單詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、代詞指代，關(guān)注特殊句式。如排比句等。在做閱讀還原題時(shí)，首先要看標(biāo)題讀選項(xiàng)，預(yù)測(cè)文章大意并找出選項(xiàng)與文章對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵詞；然后要讀文章、找邏輯，抓過(guò)渡句和主題句。注意解題時(shí)先把握容易找出的邏輯關(guān)系，再解決有困難的題；最后，在完成所有選項(xiàng)后，要回讀文章，核查邏輯關(guān)系。1．通讀全文，了解文章大意。2．通讀答案，找出和文章相對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵詞。3．根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)、具體內(nèi)容，并結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞，將選項(xiàng)填入文中。4．將所選答案代入文中，再次通讀全文，重點(diǎn)考查邏輯關(guān)系和關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)，研究多余選項(xiàng)，確定排除理由，最終確定答案。解題方法（一）問(wèn)題設(shè)在段中1．盯緊橫線的前后詞語(yǔ)根據(jù)段落一致性原則，在原文和選項(xiàng)中找到相關(guān)的特征詞。2．抓住過(guò)渡詞，看住上下句看與前文是否是轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系，此時(shí)要注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，同時(shí)注意選項(xiàng)中所講內(nèi)容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對(duì)立，對(duì)比關(guān)系?？磁c前文是否是并列或排比關(guān)系，在這種情況下，通常是該段落要求補(bǔ)全說(shuō)明本段主題的其他細(xì)節(jié)。因此，通常選項(xiàng)中會(huì)出現(xiàn)表示并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞或與前文類(lèi)似的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，或出現(xiàn)同義詞等其他線索。（二）問(wèn)題設(shè)在段首1．通常是段落的主題句認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。2．與后文是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折或因果關(guān)系等著重閱讀后文第一二句，鎖定線索信號(hào)詞，然后在選項(xiàng)中查找相關(guān)特征詞，通常正確答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的。因此這兩句之間會(huì)有某種的銜接手段。3．段落間的過(guò)渡句這時(shí)要瞻前顧后找啟示，即閱讀上一段結(jié)尾部分，通常正確答案與上一段結(jié)尾有機(jī)銜接，并結(jié)合下一段內(nèi)容，看所選的答案是否將兩段內(nèi)容連貫起來(lái)。（三）問(wèn)題設(shè)在段尾1．空白前的一句或兩句是重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)句，重點(diǎn)閱讀以鎖定關(guān)鍵詞。2．通常是結(jié)論、概括性語(yǔ)句注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號(hào)詞：Therefore,asaresult,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword,allinall,inconclusion等詞語(yǔ)。選項(xiàng)中也可發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句。3．所選答案是引出下一段的內(nèi)容的句子如果在選項(xiàng)中找不出與前文之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，此時(shí)可考慮與下一段開(kāi)頭是否有一定的銜接，認(rèn)真閱讀下一段開(kāi)頭幾句，看是否與選項(xiàng)的最后一句緊密連接起來(lái)。4.如果第一段的段尾是空白，要認(rèn)真閱讀，看此處是細(xì)節(jié)還是主題通常文章第一段要提出文章的主題，如果在段尾提出主題，會(huì)用一些信號(hào)詞如轉(zhuǎn)折詞引出來(lái)，正確答案應(yīng)有這樣的特征詞。真題透視（2023·山東濟(jì)南）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Wealllovespendingtimebythesea.Someluckyonesmightliveonthecoastandenjoythebenefits（益處）allaroundtheyear.____1____Mostofuswouldsaywefeelhealthierbytheocean.Inthepast,doctorswouldactuallysuggestspendingtimebytheseatotheirpatients.Andresearchhasshownthatpeoplewholiveonthecoastaremorelikelytobelievetheirhealthisgoodcomparedtothoselivinginacity.Sohowdowebenefit,exactly?Well,tostartwith,it’sgreatforourmental（心理）health.Scientistshavediscoveredthatwehavesomethingcalledabluemind.Theyhaveshownthatwatching,listeningtothewaves（海浪）orbeingintheoceanhelpsourbrainsslowdown.____2____Thisiswhypeoplewhohavetroublesleepingareoftentoldtolistentorecordingsofthesoundofwaveshittingthebeachtohelpthemrelaxatbedtime.____3____Wegooutalotmorewhenwe’reonholidaybythesea.Weoftenbecomemoreactiveonholidaysandpeoplewholiveonthecoastareusuallymoreactivetoo.____4____Walkingonsandrequiresmoreeffortthanonthepavement.Andtheseaairisgoodforpeoplewithbreathingproblemstoo.Thereislesspollutionintheairneartheoceanandinautumnandwintertheairisfresher.Thisishealthierthanthedryairinhomeswithcentralheating.Ithasevenbeenfoundthatthechemicalsinseawatermayhelpushavehealthyskin.____5____Welookforwardsomuchtohavingournextone!A.Breathingtheairinthecitymakesyoumoreactive.B.Othersusuallyhavetowaitforthenextvacation.C.Beingbytheseaisalsogoodforourphysicalhealth.D.Kidsespeciallyliketohavefunbytheseainsummer.E.Naturallyweoftenfeelsogreatattheendofaseasideholiday.F.Thesoundofthemcanhelpusrelaxandfeelfreefromstress.G.Andifyoutakeyourwalksonthebeach,thisisalotbetter.【答案】1.B2.F3.C4.G5.E【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹如何從海邊受益。1.根據(jù)“Someluckyonesmightliveonthecoastandenjoythebenefits（益處）allaroundtheyear.”可知，一些幸運(yùn)的人可能住在海邊，一年四季都能享受到好處。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，此處是some...others...結(jié)構(gòu)，選項(xiàng)B“其他人通常要等到下一個(gè)假期?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，故選B。2.根據(jù)“Theyhaveshownthatwatching,listeningtothewaves（海浪）orbeingintheoceanhelpsourbrainsslowdown.”可知，他們已經(jīng)證明，觀察、傾聽(tīng)海浪或在海洋中可以幫助我們的大腦慢下來(lái)。此處提到幫助我們慢下來(lái)的大海的聲音，選項(xiàng)F“它們的聲音可以幫助我們放松，擺脫壓力?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，故選F。3.根據(jù)“Wegooutalotmorewhenwe’reonholidaybythesea.Weoftenbecomemoreactiveonholidaysandpeoplewholiveonthecoastareusuallymoreactivetoo.”可知，當(dāng)我們?cè)诤＿叾燃贂r(shí)，我們外出的次數(shù)要多得多。我們經(jīng)常在假期變得更活躍，住在海邊的人通常也更活躍。此處提到在海邊對(duì)人們的好處，選項(xiàng)C“在海邊對(duì)我們的身體健康也有好處。”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。4.根據(jù)“Walkingonsandrequiresmoreeffortthanonthepavement.”可知，在沙灘上行走比在人行道上行走更費(fèi)力氣。此處提到在沙灘上行走，選項(xiàng)G“如果你在沙灘上散步，這就好多了?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，故選G。5.根據(jù)“Welookforwardsomuchtohavingournextone!”可知，我們非常期待我們的下一次，因?yàn)槎燃俚慕?jīng)歷很棒，所以期待下一次在海邊度假。選項(xiàng)E“在海邊度假結(jié)束時(shí)，我們自然會(huì)感覺(jué)很棒。”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。新題特訓(xùn)Passage1（2023·廣州）閱讀短文及文后A~E選項(xiàng)，選出可以填入1-5各題空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Yearsago,greenwassimplyacolor.Nowit’smuchmore!Inthe1970s,somepeoplebegantoworryaboutwhatwedidtomotherEarth.___1___Itisabigideathattouchesgovernmentsallovertheworld,andasmallideathattouchesusallinourhomes.Architects（建筑師）andbuildingengineersarethinkingabouthowtomakebuildingsgreener.Thesedays,greenarchitectureisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.____2____Weneedtobeverycarefulaboutthematerials（材料）weuse.Itisbettertochooserenewablematerials-thosethattheEarthreplacesquickly.____3____Also,forthosematerialsthatarenotrenewable,weneedtousethemaslittleaspossible.OurmotherEarthhasofferedusmanyotherpossibilities,suchaswindandsolarpower.Plannersmustthinkabouttheneedsofthosewhowillspendtimeingreenbuildings.Inmanycases,greenenergyismorecomfortableforpeople.____4____Naturallightingisoftenkindertotheeyesthanelectriclighting.Infact,manypeoplewholiveorworkingreenbuildingsreportfeelinghappierandhealthier.____5____Forexample,theymighttrytouseaslittlelandaspossible.Ifabuildingcoversalargearea,therewillbelessspaceforplantsandtrees.Theyalsohavetothinkaboutcuttingdownwasteandpollutionwhilethebuildingworkisgoingon.Althoughgreenbuildingsaremoreexpensivetobuild,theyarelessexpensivetorun.A.Orwecanreusesomematerials.B.Asaresult,greenthinkingwasborn.C.Tounderstandit,wehavetolookatthreedifferentareas.D.Forexample,naturalwindbringspeoplecleanerandfresherair.E.Architectsmustconsiderwhatthebuildingwilldototheenvironment.Passage2（2023·湖北黃石）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選出適當(dāng)?shù)木渥友a(bǔ)全短文，使短文意思通順，內(nèi)容完整。Imaginethis:yousitdownandbegintoeatatastytomatowhen,suddenly,itstartstoscream（尖叫）!Thisthingwillneverreallyhappen.___26___Researchersdidthestudy.Theyusedultrasonicmicrophones（超聲波麥克風(fēng)）torecordthesoundsoftomatoplantsinboxes.___27___:onegroupwasn’twateredforfivedays,anothergrouphadthestems（莖）cutoffandthethirdgroupwasuntouched.Itturnedoutthatthefirsttwogroupsmadesounds30to50timesperhouratafrequency（頻率）of40to80kilohertz,whiletheuntouchedgrouponlymadethesoundonceperhour.Whentomatoesarenotstressedatall,theyareveryquiet.___28___,buttheybelievethenoisecomesfromthebreakingofairbubbles（氣泡）intheplants.Thismeansthenoiseproducedbytheplantsisnotintentional（故意的）oraformofactivecommunication.Thereisnoevidence（證據(jù)）thatplantscanintentionallycommunicate.___29___.Forexample,thesoundcantellamoth（蛾子）thattheplantisunderstressandnotsuitabletolayeggson.Ananimalthatwantstoeataplantcouldalsousethesoundstomakedecisions,accordingtoScienceFocus.Aftertheexperiment,theresearcherslistenedtootherplantssuchaswheat（小麥）andcorn,andfoundthattheyalsomademoresoundswhenstressed.___30___,astheycanbettertakecareofthecrops（莊稼）by“hearing”howplantsfeel.A.ThreegroupsofplantswerelistenedtoB.Theresearchersdon’tknowhowthesoundsaremadeC.ResearcherssaidthestudycanbenefitfarmersinthefutureD.Butanimalsandinsectsmaybe“l(fā)isteningin”tobenefitfromthesoundE.ButanewstudyshowedthatplantscanmakesoundswhentheyarestressedPassage3（2023·山東青島）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從選項(xiàng)中選出能填入文中空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。EnjoyNaturewithForaging（搜尋）!Doyouenjoywalkinginnature?Doyoulikelearningabouttreesandplants?____31____.Foragingisalotlikelookingforatreasure.Youlookaroundinplaceslikeforestsandlakestofinddifferentkindsofplantsthatyoucaneat.Foragingisalotoffun.____32____.Someoftheseplantsaredangerous.Someofthemaregoodtoeat.Youcanspendmanyrelaxinghourswalkingaroundinthewild,lookingforgoodplantstoeat.____33____.Itisexcitingandchallengingtofindplantsthatyoucaneat,butdonoteatthemuntilyouareverysureofwhattheyare.Beforeyougoforaging,takeaclassaboutit.Learnhowthedifferentkindsofplantsthatyoucaneatlookinthewild.Practicefindingthemwithyourforagingteacher.Thenjoinagroupofforagers.____34____.Nevereatanythinguntilyouare100%sureofwhatitis.Somepeoplehavebecomesickbyaccidentbecausetheyateawildplantthatwasdangerous.Foragersfollowsomeimportantrules.Theydonotcollectalloftheplantsinonearea.Ifyoutakealltheplantsfromonearea,nomorewillgrowthere.____35____,likebyaroadorparkinglot.Iftheareaisverydirty,theplantstherewillnotbegoodtoeatandmaymakeyouverysick.A.YouranswerisyesB.YoumaylikeforagingC.LookforwildplantstogetherD.DonotlookforplantsinareaswithalotofcarsE.Whileforagingisalotoffun,youstillhavetobecarefulF.Whenyouwalkintheforest,youcanfindmanykindsofplantsPassage4（2023·湖北荊門(mén)）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Itisbelievedthatagoodmemorycomesnaturally,whileabadmemorycannotbechanged.____16____Hereissomeadviceforyou.▲Takeaninterest.____17____Thiscanexplainthereasonwhyschoolboysrememberfootballresultsclearlybuthavetroublewithdatesfromtheirhistorylessons.▲Repeatthingsinchunks（塊）.Repeatingthingsinchunksisthebestwaytorememberthingsforashorttime.____18____Thefollowingnumberswouldbeimpossibleformostofustoremember:1492178919318483.Butlookatthemingroupsorchunksrepeatedlyanditbecomesmucheasier:1492178919318483.▲____19____Torememberlonglists,tryinventingastorywhichincludesallthethingsyouwanttoremember.Inexperiments（實(shí)驗(yàn)）,peoplewereaskedtorememberupto120wordsusingthisway.Whentestedlater,theycouldrememberabout90%ofthem.Thetestresultwasreallyamazing.▲Takephysicalexercise.Physicalexerciseisimportantforyourmemory,becauseitsendsmoreoxygen（氧氣）toyourbrain,andthatmakesyourmemoryworkbetter.____20____Asweknow,toomuchpressureisverybadforthememory.A.Inventastory.B.Puttingnumbersingroupsmayhelpyourememberthem.C.Rememberalist.D.Exercisealsomakesyoulessstressed.E.Boysalwaysdobetterthangirlsinschool.F.Infact,youcandoalottoimproveyourmemory.G.Weallrememberinterestingthingsandalwaysforgetboringones.Passage5（2023·湖北黃石）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選出適當(dāng)?shù)木渥友a(bǔ)全短文，使短文意思通順，內(nèi)容完整。Imaginethis:yousitdownandbegintoeatatastytomatowhen,suddenly,itstartstoscream（尖叫）!Thisthingwillneverreallyhappen.___26___Researchersdidthestudy.Theyusedultrasonicmicrophones（超聲波麥克風(fēng)）torecordthesoundsoftomatoplantsinboxes.___27___:onegroupwasn’twateredforfivedays,anothergrouphadthestems（莖）cutoffandthethirdgroupwasuntouched.Itturnedoutthatthefirsttwogroupsmadesounds30to50timesperhouratafrequency（頻率）of40to80kilohertz,whiletheuntouchedgrouponlymadethesoundonceperhour.Whentomatoesarenotstressedatall,theyareveryquiet.___28___,buttheybelievethenoisecomesfromthebreakingofairbubbles（氣泡）intheplants.Thismeansthenoiseproducedbytheplantsisnotintentional（故意的）oraformofactivecommunication.Thereisnoevidence（證據(jù)）thatplantscanintentionallycommunicate.___29___.Forexample,thesoundcantellamoth（蛾子）thattheplantisunderstressandnotsuitabletolayeggson.Ananimalthatwantstoeataplantcouldalsousethesoundstomakedecisions,accordingtoScienceFocus.Aftertheexperiment,theresearcherslistenedtootherplantssuchaswheat（小麥）andcorn,andfoundthattheyalsomademoresoundswhenstressed.___30___,astheycanbettertakecareofthecrops（莊稼）by“hearing”howplantsfeel.A.ThreegroupsofplantswerelistenedtoB.Theresearchersdon’tknowhowthesoundsaremadeC.ResearcherssaidthestudycanbenefitfarmersinthefutureD.Butanimalsandinsectsmaybe“l(fā)isteningin”tobenefitfromthesoundE.ButanewstudyshowedthatplantscanmakesoundswhentheyarestressedPassage6（2023·湖南長(zhǎng)沙）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。每個(gè)選項(xiàng)僅使用一次。HowtoImproveYourReadingLearninghowtoreadwellinEnglishmightnotbeaneasytask.____1___ReadingwellinEnglishisusefulformanyreasons,notonlyfortakingtests.IfyouwanttoimproveyourreadinginEnglish,thefollowingarejustforyou!Chooserightreadingmaterials（材料）.Therearesomanychoices!Therearetextbooksandgradedreaders,buttherearealsoalotmorebooksyoucanread.____2____Hereisagoodruletofollow:choosereadingmaterialswhereyouunderstandatleast80%ofthecontent（內(nèi)容）.Beintentional（意圖明確的）.Beingintentionalmeansdoingsomethingonpurposewithareasoninmind.Withreading,youneedtobeintentionalbysettingareadingaim.Decideonacertainnumberofpagesyouwanttoreadeachday.____3____Tomakesureyourdailypracticegetsdone,sparesometimeandputitinyourstudyplan!____4____Readingcanbothintroduceyoutonewvocabulary（詞匯）andteachyouhowtousethem.ManywordsinEnglishareoftenusedtogetherinaconsistent（相互連貫的）way.Readinggroupsofwords,orwordsthatgotogether,willhelpyoubetterunderstandhowtouseyournewvocabulary.Don’ttrytounderstandeverything.Asyou’repracticingyourreadingyouneedtoacceptthefactthatyoumightnotunderstandeverysingleword,andthat’sOK!Yourbraincan’tlearnsomanynewthingsatonetime.It’smoreimportanttogetthebigpictureofwhatyouarereading.___5____A.Readwordgroups.B.Don’tchooseabookthatistooeasyortoodifficult.C.Youcouldalsobeintentionalwithplanningatimetoread.D.Butit’ssomethingyou’llhavetodoonyourlanguagelearningjourney.E.Andyoucangobacktocheckthenewthingsyoudon’tunderstandlater.Passage7（2023·江蘇蘇州）請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。IoncegavealessontoagroupofprimaryschoolstudentsforaTVprogram.Isuggestedthatwecreatesmallgardens.First,Iaskedthestudentstolookfortheirfavoriteplaceintheschool.____26____ThenIhadeachofthemdescribetheirexperiencesofnatureinasmallgarden.Inaboxofaboutoneandahalfbytwofeet,theywerefreetoorganize—soil,stones,leavesandgrass.Evenasanactivegardendesigner,Iwasimpressedwiththeirimagination.____27____Onechildcreated“water”thatflowedintoa“l(fā)ake”;anotherchildputgrassinawaytorepresent“wind”;andyetanotherchildtriedhardtocreateshade...____28____Thatwaswhytheytookgreatinterestwhentheycreatedtheirsmallgardens.Theyspentawonderfultimetogetherwithnature.____29____Ifyounoticeastonelyingontheground,pickitupandholdit.Whenyouseebeautifulflowersbythesideoftheroad,stopandenjoythepleasantsmell.Then,insideyourmind,createasmallgardenofyourown.____30____A.Itwillrelaxyou.B.Flowersliketheseareallaroundyou.C.Thegardenswerebuiltmanyyearsago.D.Tryspendingtimewithnatureyourself.E.Thegardenstheymadewerereallycreative.F.Oncethere,Iletthemtryhardtoemptytheirminds.G.Thesechildrenwereoftenbusydoingtheirschoolwork.Passage8（2023·廣州越秀一模）HaveyouheardoftheAPPChatGPT?____41____Itoffersprivateandgroupchats,emojis,stickers,images,andvideos,andmakesconversationsmoreinterestingandattractive.ThedialogueformatmakesitpossibleforChatGPTtoanswerquestions,admititsmistakesandrefuseimproperrequirements.____42____However,anAPPnamedGPTZerocanhelptopreventthat.EdwardTianisacomputersciencestudentatPrincetonUniversity.The22-year-oldcreatedGPTZeroinresponseto（作為回應(yīng)）thewidespreaduseofChatGPT.Accordingtothestudent,thesoftwareisabletorespondquicklyandcorrectly.Inonlyafewseconds,itcantellyouifagiventextiswrittenbyAIorahuman.____43____ThesetextshelpittofindoutwhetheranarticleistheworkofAIornot.Toexamineonearticle,theAPPwillcheckhowfamiliaritiswiththegivenarticlebasedonthetextshehasseenduringtraining.Thelessfamiliaritis,themorelikelyitistobetheworkofahuman.GPTZerothenscansthearticletoseehowdifferentitis.Ahuman-writtenarticleusuallydiffersalot.____44____Mr.TianisanAIsupporter.____45____HesaysthatChatGPTisusefulinhelpinghimtowritecomputercodeandsolveotherproblems.Atthesametime,headds,itisimportanttodevelopsafeguards（防護(hù)措施）fornewtechnologies.A.Afterthesetwosteps,itwillgiveafinalscore.B.GPTZerohasbeentrainedwithdifferenttexts.C.Itisafreeonlinechatbotthatcanperfectlywritealmostanything.D.HebelievesthatAIwillsurelybeagreathelptolifeandworkifusedproperly.E.Sinceitslaunch,ithasbeenusedbystudentsandworkerstocheatbycreatingwrittenworkforthem.Passage9（2023·天河區(qū)統(tǒng)考）Thewinterholidayiscoming.Don’tknowwhattodo?Well,herearesomebooksforyou!__41__TheCopandtheAnthembyO.Henry（American）YoucanreadastoryaboutSoapy,ahomelessmaninNewYorkCity.Atfirst,hewantstobecaughtbythepolicemansothathecanhavesomewherewarmtostayinsteadofsleepingoutinthecoldwinter.___42___However,whenhewantstochangehimselfanddecidestobeabetterman,heissenttoprison.TheMillionPoundNotebyMarkTwain（American）YoucanknowtheexperienceofapooryoungmanHenryAdams.___43___Theymakeabet（打賭）toseewhatwillhappentoHenryAdamswithsomuchmoney.Totheirsurprise,heisn’tcaughtbythepolice.Instead,helivesahappylifebecauseoftheone-millionbanknote.TheDiamondNecklacebyMaupassant（French）___44___Herhusbandaskshertogotoaparty,sosheborrowsadiamondnecklace（項(xiàng)鏈）fromherrichfriendtoshowoffherbeauty.Butshelosesthenecklace.___45___Attheendofthestory,shegetstoknowthatthenecklaceisactuallynotmadeofrealdiamond.Thenecklacechangesherwholelife.A．Ittakeshertenyearsofhardworktopayforit.B．Justpickoneofthem,andyouaresuretoenjoyit!C．Hegetsaone-millionbanknotefromtworichmen.D．It’sastoryaboutawomanwhoisbeautifulbutpoor.E．Hetrieshard,butthepolicedoesn’tsendhimtoprison.Passage10（2023·深圳多校聯(lián)考2模）請(qǐng)閱讀下面的短文，并從下列的六個(gè)句子中選擇五個(gè)還原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、連貫。Walkinginthecityisverydifferentfromwalkinginthepark.Asmallpsychologystudysuggestsurbanenvironmentscanslowyourstepandpossiblyincreaseyourmentalload.___26___Itcaneaseyourmindandquickenyourpace.Thefindingsshowthatnaturalsettingsmaypotentially（潛在地）reducecognitive（認(rèn)知的）tirednessandimprovereactiontimesstraightaway.____27____Thefirstofthetwoexperimentsinthenewstudyfocusedonpeople’swayofwalkingandcognitiveload.Duringthistrial,participantswerefittedwithsensorsandadozenmotioncontrolcamerasweresetuptowatchthemrepeatedlywalkdowna15-metreroomattheirnaturalspeed.Thewalloppositethemshowedanimageofeitheranaturesceneoracityscene.____28____Onthewhole,whenwalkingincitysettings,peoplereportedthattheyfeltmoreuncomfortableandtheywalkedataslowerpace,indicatingahighercognitiveload.____29____Inthetrial,participantswereaskedtodistinguish（區(qū)別）betweenbasicvisualshapesonthecomputerwhilealsointhepresenceofanaturalorurbanimage（thesameonesfromthefirstexperiment）.Measuringreactiontimesinbothnaturalandurbansettings,theteamfoundresultstosupporttheiridea.Inurbanenvironments,participantswereslowerindistinguishingbetweensimpleshapes.____30____Ourbrainstakelongertoprocess.However,moreresearchisneededtoprovethatidea.A.Awalkthroughnaturedoestheopposite,though.B.Theysaidtheycouldn’tconcentrateproperlyafterwalking.C.Aftereach,participantswereaskedtoratetheirdiscomfort.D.Thereasonisthaturbanenvironmentsaremoredistracting.E.Theseconddugintosomehigher-levelcognitiveprocesses.F.Thestudyincludestwoexperimentswithtwodifferentapproaches.Passage11（2023·湖北黃岡）閱讀下面的短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入文中空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。（每個(gè)選項(xiàng)只用一次，選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)）Sometimeswemayforgetsomethingeasily.Don’tworry.Ifyouwanttohaveagoodmemory,pleasefollowme.____1____Myfirstadviceisthatifyouwanttoremembersomethingwell,youhavetoreviewitregularly（有規(guī)律地）.Afteryoulearnthematerial,youneedtoreviewitrightaway,thentwodayslater,thenaweeklater,thentwoweekslater,andthenamonthlater.____2____Mysecondadviceistomarktheimportantpartsofyourbook.Thiswillhelpyouintwoways.Ontheonehand,itwillhelpyouconcentrateon（專(zhuān)注于）themostimportantparts.Itisalwayseasiertorememberonlythekeypoints.____3____Whenyouopenyourbook,thecoloredpartswillshowyouthemostimportantpartsatonce.Inthisway,youneedn’treadeverywordagain.____4___Onegoodtimeformemorizinginformationisintheevening.Reviewwhatyouhavelearntbeforegoingtobed.Itwillbekeptinyourminddeeply.Theothergoodtimeisinthemorningbecauseyouhavejustrestedandyourbrainisfreshandclear.___5____Rememberalltheadviceabove,andyourmemorywillbebetterandbetter.A.Ontheotherhand,thiswillmakereviewingeasier.B.Hereissomeadvicetohelpimproveyourmemory.C.Anotherpieceofadviceistoreviewatapropertime.D.Youhavetoreadthewholebookfromthebeginningtotheend.E.Soit’seasytomemorizetheimportantinformationinthemorning.F.Afteramonth,youwillfindthatyoucanrememberthematerialeasily.Passage12（2023·濟(jì)南一模）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。TipstostopfeelingtiredatschoolSleepisveryimportant.Whileweareresting,ourbrainprocesseswhatwehavedoneandseenallday,andourbodyrepairsitself.Scientistshavefoundthatsleepingisnecessaryforourphysicalandmentalhealth（身心健康）.____71____Ifwedon’tsleepenough,wehavelessenergyandwelosetheabilitytothinkclearly.____72____Itishardertogettosleepatnightifyoustillhavelotsofenergy,soyoushouldexercisedaily.Trygoingforawalkorarun,anddosomesportsasoftenasyoucan.____73____Trynottodoyourhomeworkatthelastminute,don’texerciselateinthedayanddon’tdrinkanythingwithlotsofsugar.Ifyoufinditdifficulttocalmdownatnight,takeacoolshower,readordrinkaglassofwaterslowly.Itcanbehardtosticktoaroutine,butyourbodywillthankyouforit.Trytogotobedatthesametimeeachnightandwakeupatthesametimeeachmorning.____74____Manyofusliketorelaxbyplayingcomputergames,goingonsocialmediaorcheckingfortextmessages.Thesearegreatwaystorelaxduringtheday.____75____Weshouldnotlookatourphonesrightbeforebedtime.A.Sleepingchangeshowwethinkandfeel.B.Itisn’teasytosleepwhenyourbrainisworking.C.Ifyoudon’tfeelverywell,youshouldsleepmore.D.However,thelightsfromscreenscankeepusawake.E.Agoodnight’ssleepstartswithwhatyoudoduringtheday.F.Youdon’tneedtosleepmoreifyouareapersonwithlotsofenergy.G.Everythingbecomesregularifyousleepthesamenumberofhourseachnight.Passage13（2023·深圳一模）以下是一則短文,請(qǐng)閱讀短文,并從下列六個(gè)句子中選擇五個(gè)還原到原文中,使原文的意思完整、連貫。并在答題卡上將相應(yīng)的字母編號(hào)涂黑。（共5小題,每小題1分）Thereisgoodreasontobelievethatpeoplewholearntobegratefularehappierandhealthierthanthosewhodon’t.Gratefulpeoplefeelpleasedwithwhattheyhaveinsteadofcomplainingaboutwhattheylack.Theyseeeachdayasanewopportunityforhappiness,ratherthananotherchallengetotakeon.____26____Takeaminutetobethankfulforyourlife.____27____Atschool,stepoutsideforashortwalktobreathethefreshairandthinkabouthowthankfulyouareforthechancetotakeabreakandfeelthesun.Athome,thethingsyou’rethankfulforcanbeyourmorningcupofmilkorthesoftpillowyousleeponatnight.____28____Lifegetssobusythatyouoftenforgettotellpeoplehowmuchtheymatter（要緊）toyou.Expressingyourthankstootherswillcreateanatmosphereofthankfulnessthatcanspreadoutgradually.Forexample,ifyourmotherpacksyourlunchforyou,saysomethinglike“Mum,thankyouforyourefforttomakemydaylessbusy.”Talkaboutgratitudewithfamily.Findthetimetotalkaboutthethingsyouaregratefulforeveryday.____29____Forexample,insteadofsaying“I’mthankfulforallofyoubeingthereforme,”youcouldsay“I’mthankfulthatyouallhelpmecareforthegardeneveryweekend.”Learningtobethankfuldoesn’tmeanbadthingswon’thappen,orthatyouwon’tbeaffectedbythethingsthatdohappens.____30____A.Tellsomeoneyouappreciate（感激）them.B.Leteachfamilymemberhaveaturnfordiscussionandtrytobeasspecific（具體的）aspossible.C.Sometimesitcanbereallyhardtobethankfulinyourlife.D.Hereissomeadviceforyoutobemoregrateful（感激的）.E.Itcansimplyhelptomakethosethingseasiertodealwithandmakeyoufeelbetter.F.Sometimesagoodwaytofeelbetteristotakeabreakandfindsomethingthatyouaregratefulfor.Passage14（2023·廣州天河區(qū)一模試題）閱讀短文及文后A~E選項(xiàng)，選出可以填入1~5各題空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Payingforbusrideswithplasticusuallymakespeoplethinkofplasticbuscards.ButoneIndonesiancityhasdecidedtoacceptrecyclableplasticwasteinplaceofmoneyforcitybuses.Surabaya,Indonesia’ssecondlargestcity,madethisdecisioninApril,2018.___1___Atwo-hourbusridecosts10plasticcupsor5bottles.Indonesiaisthesecondlargestoceanplasticpolluter,producingupto2.4milliontonsofplasticwasteintotheoceanseveryyear.___2___That’swhythecitymadethisdecision.Ithopestoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironment,especiallyaboutplasticwaste.Eachcitybuscancollectupto550poundsofplasticbottlesandcupseveryday.Thecollectedbottlesaresoldtorecyclingcompanies,andthemoneymadefromitgoestowardsrunningthebuscompaniesandprovidingmoneyforgreenspaceinthecity.___3___Thedecisionispartofthecity’spurpose—tobecomeplasticwaste-freeby2020.___4___Thenewbusesareair-conditioned,comfortableandeasyforelderlyanddisabledpassengerstogetonandoff.Theprogrammeiswellreceived.PeopleinSurabayasaid,“___5___Itisawin-winsituation.”Thistypeof