新高考數(shù)學(xué)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 函數(shù)專項重難點突破專題15 函數(shù)零點問題(解析版)_第1頁
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專題15函數(shù)零點問題真題呈現(xiàn)1.(2021·天津·統(tǒng)考高考真題)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)恰有6個零點,則a的取值范圍是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0最多有2個根,所以SKIPIF1<0至少有4個根,由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,(1)SKIPIF1<0時,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0有4個零點,即SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0有5個零點,即SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0有6個零點,即SKIPIF1<0;(2)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0無零點;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0有1個零點;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,此時SKIPIF1<0有2個零點;所以若SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0有1個零點.綜上,要使SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)恰有6個零點,則應(yīng)滿足SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,則可解得a的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0.2.(2023·全國·統(tǒng)考高考真題)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0有且僅有3個零點,則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是________.【解析】因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0有3個根,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0有3個根,其中SKIPIF1<0,結(jié)合余弦函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像性質(zhì)可得SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.3.(2023·天津·統(tǒng)考高考真題)若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有且僅有兩個零點,則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為___.【解析】(1)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,此時SKIPIF1<0成立;若SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,若方程有一根為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0;若方程有一根為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,解得:SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0;若SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,此時SKIPIF1<0成立.(2)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,顯然SKIPIF1<0不成立;若SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,若方程有一根為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0;若方程有一根為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,解得:SKIPIF1<0;若SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,顯然SKIPIF1<0不成立;綜上,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,零點為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,零點為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,只有一個零點SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,零點為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,只有一個零點SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,零點為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,零點為SKIPIF1<0.所以,當(dāng)函數(shù)有兩個零點時,SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.4.(2022·天津·統(tǒng)考高考真題)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,對任意實數(shù)x,記SKIPIF1<0.若SKIPIF1<0至少有3個零點,則實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為______.【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0.要使得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0至少有SKIPIF1<0個零點,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0至少有一個零點,則SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0.①當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的圖象如下圖所示:此時函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0只有兩個零點,不合乎題意;②當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的兩個零點分別為SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,要使得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0至少有SKIPIF1<0個零點,則SKIPIF1<0,所以,SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0;③當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的圖象如下圖所示:由圖可知,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點個數(shù)為SKIPIF1<0,合乎題意;④當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的兩個零點分別為SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,要使得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0至少有SKIPIF1<0個零點,則SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,此時SKIPIF1<0.綜上所述,實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0.5.(2021·北京·統(tǒng)考高考真題)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,給出下列四個結(jié)論:①若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0恰有2個零點;②存在負(fù)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0恰有1個零點;③存在負(fù)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0恰有3個零點;④存在正數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0恰有3個零點.其中所有正確結(jié)論的序號是_______.【解析】對于①,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,由SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,①正確;對于②,考查直線SKIPIF1<0與曲線SKIPIF1<0相切于點SKIPIF1<0,對函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0求導(dǎo)得SKIPIF1<0,由題意可得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以,存在SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0只有一個零點,②正確;對于③,當(dāng)直線SKIPIF1<0過點SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,直線SKIPIF1<0與曲線SKIPIF1<0有兩個交點,若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有三個零點,則直線SKIPIF1<0與曲線SKIPIF1<0有兩個交點,直線SKIPIF1<0與曲線SKIPIF1<0有一個交點,所以,SKIPIF1<0,此不等式無解,因此,不存在SKIPIF1<0,使得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有三個零點,③錯誤;對于④,考查直線SKIPIF1<0與曲線SKIPIF1<0相切于點SKIPIF1<0,對函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0求導(dǎo)得SKIPIF1<0,由題意可得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有三個零點,④正確.故答案為:①②④.6.(2022·北京·統(tǒng)考高考真題)若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的一個零點為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0_____;SKIPIF1<0__.【解析】∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:1,SKIPIF1<0考點一函數(shù)零點的定義一、單選題1.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點為(

)A.2,3 B.2 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點為2,3.故選:A2.若SKIPIF1<0是二次函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的兩個零點,則SKIPIF1<0的值是()A.3 B.15 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】由題意知SKIPIF1<0是二次函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的兩個零點,故SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的兩個根,則SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,故選:B3.關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的兩個零點為SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0=()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】依題意得SKIPIF1<0是方程SKIPIF1<0的兩不等實根,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:A4.若向量SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0【解析】由題意可得,SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點是SKIPIF1<0.故選:D5.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有且只有一個零點,則實數(shù)m的值為(

)A.9 B.12 C.0或9 D.0或12【解析】因為SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,得到SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,得到SKIPIF1<0,滿足題意,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,因為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有且只有一個零點,故SKIPIF1<0,得到SKIPIF1<0,綜上,SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.二、填空題6.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點為________.【解析】依題意有SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.7.若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有且僅有兩個零點SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0_______.【解析】函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域為SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為增函數(shù),而SKIPIF1<0,于是SKIPIF1<0有唯一解,即有SKIPIF1<0,因此SKIPIF1<0的兩個解為SKIPIF1<0,此時SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,顯然SKIPIF1<0,則有SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.三、解答題8.求下列函數(shù)的零點.(1)SKIPIF1<0;(2)SKIPIF1<0.【解析】(1)由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點為SKIPIF1<0.(2)由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,①當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時,函數(shù)有唯一零點SKIPIF1<0;②當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時,函數(shù)有兩個零點SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0.考點二零點存在定理判斷零點所在區(qū)間一、單選題1.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點所在區(qū)間是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】因為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0均為SKIPIF1<0上的增函數(shù),故函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0上的增函數(shù),因為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由零點存在定理可知,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點所在區(qū)間是SKIPIF1<0.故選:B.2.已知方程SKIPIF1<0的解在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),則SKIPIF1<0(

)A.3 B.2 C.1 D.0【解析】令函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,顯然函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,而SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,因此函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點SKIPIF1<0,所以方程SKIPIF1<0的解在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),即SKIPIF1<0.故選:C3.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的零點所在的區(qū)間為(

).A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】因為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以由零點存在性定理知,SKIPIF1<0的零點所在的區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0.故選:B.4.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的零點必屬于區(qū)間(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】解法一:二分法由已知可求得,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.對于A項,因為SKIPIF1<0,所以A項錯誤;對于B項,因為SKIPIF1<0,所以B項錯誤;對于C項,因為SKIPIF1<0,所以C項錯誤;對于D項,因為SKIPIF1<0,所以D項正確.解法二:因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的零點為2,故D正確.故選:D.5.已知SKIPIF1<0唯一的零點同時在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),下列說法錯誤的是(

)A.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)有零點 B.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)無零點C.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)有零點 D.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)無零點【解析】因為SKIPIF1<0唯一的零點同時在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),則該函數(shù)唯一的零點同時在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),可知B,C,D正確,對于A,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0唯一的零點可能在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),也可能在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),故A錯誤.故選:A6.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若方程SKIPIF1<0的實根在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上,則k的最大值是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,解得SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,解得SKIPIF1<0,綜上k的最大值是1.故選:C.7.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0)的圖象過定點SKIPIF1<0,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點所在區(qū)間為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】因為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0)的圖象過定點SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,所以,SKIPIF1<0,因為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上均為減函數(shù),所以,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上為減函數(shù),且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由零點存在定理可知,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0內(nèi).故選:A.二、填空題8.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點所在區(qū)間(取整數(shù))是_________.【解析】由題意,得SKIPIF1<0的定義域為SKIPIF1<0,易知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0均為增函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,因為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以由零點存在定理可知,函數(shù)零點所在區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0.考點三求函數(shù)零點個數(shù)一、單選題1.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的零點個數(shù)是(

)A.3 B.4 C.5 D.6【解析】求函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的零點個數(shù),轉(zhuǎn)化為方程SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的根的個數(shù).由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,解得:SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的零點個數(shù)為3.故選:A.2.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點個數(shù)為(

)A.1 B.3 C.5 D.7【解析】SKIPIF1<0定義域為R,SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,由于SKIPIF1<0恒成立,故SKIPIF1<0恒成立,無零點,故SKIPIF1<0時,也不存在零點,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,故SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0處取得極大值,也時最大值,SKIPIF1<0,顯然SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故由零點存在性定理知,在SKIPIF1<0上存在一零點,結(jié)合函數(shù)為奇函數(shù),在SKIPIF1<0上存在一零點,綜上,SKIPIF1<0一共有3個零點.故選:B3.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點個數(shù)為(

)A.0個 B.1個 C.2個 D.3個【解析】由題意可知:要研究函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點個數(shù),只需研究函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的圖像交點個數(shù)即可.畫出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的圖像,因為SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,可知當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0時,圖像各有一個交點,SKIPIF1<0時,必有一個交點,且交點為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0及第二象限的點C.

故選:D4.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點個數(shù)為(

)A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5【解析】本題轉(zhuǎn)化為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0和函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的交點個數(shù),做出兩個函數(shù)的圖像,如圖,根據(jù)圖像可得兩個函數(shù)交點的個數(shù)為SKIPIF1<0個,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點個數(shù)為SKIPIF1<0個.故選:C.5.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0零點個數(shù)為(

)A.0 B.1 C.2 D.3【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,所以不存在零點;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,也不存在零點,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點個數(shù)為0.故選:A.6.設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的方程SKIPIF1<0的解的個數(shù)為(

)A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4【解析】由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,①由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,②由①②得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,由SKIPIF1<0得方程SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0(舍去).故方程共有2個解.故選:B7.方程SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0實根的個數(shù)為(

)A.6 B.5 C.4 D.3【解析】因為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的圖象如下所示:

由圖可得SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0有且僅有SKIPIF1<0個交點,所以方程SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0實根有SKIPIF1<0個.故選:C8.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的零點個數(shù)為(

)A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4【解析】SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)2x-SKIPIF1<0=kπ,k∈Z時,x=SKIPIF1<0+SKIPIF1<0,k∈Z,所以當(dāng)k=0時,x=SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)k=1時,x=SKIPIF1<0,所以f(x)在區(qū)間(0,π)上有2個零點.故選:B.9.已知定義域為SKIPIF1<0的偶函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,且當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,若將方程SKIPIF1<0實數(shù)解的個數(shù)記為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的對稱軸為SKIPIF1<0.因為SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的周期為2,所以SKIPIF1<0的圖象如圖所示:

當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,方程SKIPIF1<0有2個實數(shù)解,所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,方程SKIPIF1<0有4個實數(shù)解,所以SKIPIF1<0,可知SKIPIF1<0是一個首項為2,公差為2的等差數(shù)列,所以SKIPIF1<0.因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0.故選:D二、填空題10.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點個數(shù)是__________.【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,由SKIPIF1<0解得SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,由SKIPIF1<0解得SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點個數(shù)是2個11.已知SKIPIF1<0,方程SKIPIF1<0的實根個數(shù)為__________.【解析】由SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,則令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,分別作出它們的圖象如下圖所示,

由圖可知,有兩個交點,所以方程SKIPIF1<0的實根個數(shù)為2.12.定義在R上的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有__________個零點.【解析】因為定義在R上的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0是以4為周期的周期函數(shù),因為當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的圖象如圖所示,由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,所以將問題轉(zhuǎn)化為SKIPIF1<0的圖象與SKIPIF1<0交點的個數(shù),因為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的圖象與SKIPIF1<0的圖象共有7個交點,所以SKIPIF1<0有7個零點,故答案為:7

考點四根據(jù)函數(shù)零點求參一、單選題1.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上存在零點,則實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】由零點存在定理可知,若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上存在零點,顯然函數(shù)為增函數(shù),只需滿足SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0.故選:D2.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0恰有兩個零點,則正數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0成立,因為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0恰有兩個零點,所以SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0有1個實數(shù)根,顯然a小于等于0,不合要求,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,只需滿足SKIPIF1<0,解得:SKIPIF1<0.故選:C3.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(e為自然對數(shù)的底數(shù),a∈R)有3個不同的零點,則實數(shù)a的取值范圍是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,∴二次函數(shù)開口向下且在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)拋物線與SKIPIF1<0軸只有一個交點,∴SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)只有一個零點,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0不是SKIPIF1<0的零點,由已知得當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0有兩個零點,由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,只有函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0有兩個交點時,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有兩個零點,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0,單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0時,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有兩個零點,綜上所述,實數(shù)a的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0,故選:SKIPIF1<0.4.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0有3個不同的解,則a的取值范圍是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,∴當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,則SKIPIF1<0,可得函數(shù)的大致圖象,所以SKIPIF1<0有3個不同的解等價于SKIPIF1<0有兩個解SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,整理可得SKIPIF1<0,∴根據(jù)根的分布,得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,則a的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0.故選:A.

5.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有五個零點,則實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<0,此時SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<0,此時SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故問題轉(zhuǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0共有四個零點,畫出函數(shù)圖象如下可知:則SKIPIF1<0,故選:D

6.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若方程SKIPIF1<0有四個不同的實數(shù)根,則實數(shù)a的取值范圍是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,該直線恒過點SKIPIF1<0,方程SKIPIF1<0有四個不同的實數(shù)根如圖作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,結(jié)合函數(shù)圖象,則SKIPIF1<0,所以直線SKIPIF1<0與曲線SKIPIF1<0有兩個不同的公共點,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0有兩個不等實根,令SKIPIF1<0,實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.7.若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0恰有2個零點,則實數(shù)a的取值范圍為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】①當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<0只有一個零點0,不符合題意;②當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的大致圖象,如圖1,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0上各有一個零點,符合題意;③當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的大致圖象,如圖2,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上沒有零點.則SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有兩個零點,此時必須滿足SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.綜上,得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0.故選:A二、多選題8.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0是函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的兩個零點,則下列結(jié)論正確的有(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】因為SKIPIF1<0,所以,SKIPIF1<0,且當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,此時SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的零點即函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的圖象交點的橫坐標(biāo),如下圖所示,

由圖象可知,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的圖象有兩個交點,A錯B對;由圖可知,SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,化簡可得SKIPIF1<0,C對;由SKIPIF1<0,因為SKIPIF1<0,所以等號取不到,可得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,D對,故選:BCD.9.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0且方程SKIPIF1<0的6個解分別為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,則(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0,整理得到SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,畫出SKIPIF1<0的圖象,如下:顯然SKIPIF1<0有三個根,分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0有三個根,分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,A選項,數(shù)形結(jié)合得到SKIPIF1<0,A錯誤;B選項,由于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,故B錯誤;C選項,由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,得到SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,C正確;D選項,因為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,D正確.故選:CD三、填空題10.設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間[SKIPIF1<0上有零點,則實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是___________.【解析】令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間[SKIPIF1<0,3]上有零點等價于直線SKIPIF1<0與曲線SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有交點,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,顯然SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,即當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0時,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有零點;故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.11.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上存在零點,則整數(shù)t的值為______.【解析】SKIPIF1<0在R上單調(diào)遞增,由零點存在性定理可知,SKIPIF1<0,由于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故整數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.12.若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)恰有一個零點,其中SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的值為__________.【解析】如圖所示,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點,即函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0圖象的交點,由圖象可知,兩函數(shù)的圖象只有一個交點,且SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0

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