統(tǒng)考版2024高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)40分閱讀理解提分練三含解析新人教版

PAGE40分閱讀理解提分練(三)閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。A[2024·太原市高三模擬試題]GreatinventorslikeThomasEdisonhaveinfluencedpeople'sliveswiththeirinventions.Whiletheircontributionsarecertainlyvaluable,otheramazinginventionswereactuallycreatedbychildren!ThetrampolineTrampolinesaregreatforbothfunandexercise,buttheyareafairlyrecentinvention.Inthe1930s,GeorgeNissenwasinspiredtomakeabouncy“net”afterseeingacircusperformance.Hethoughtitmoreentertainingforperformerstocontinuebouncinginsteadoflandinginanet.So,attheageof16,hemadeitbystretchingthickclothinametalframe.ThePopsicleColdweatherledtothecreationofadeliciousinvention—thePopsicle.FrankEppersonwasjust11yearsoldwhenheaccidentallycreatedhisfirstPopsicle.Hewasmakinghimselfasodadrinkandlefthisglassoutsideovernight.Whenhefounditinthemorning,ithadfrozensolidwiththestir(攪拌)stickstillintheglass.AndthefirstPopsiclewasborn.BrailleThree-year-oldLouisBrailleexperiencedaseriouseyeinjurythatblindedhiminbotheyes.Hestruggledtoreadbymovinghisfingersacrossraisedletters,butthatprovedverydifficult.Attheageoftwelve,Louislearnedaboutacommunicationsystemwheremessagescouldbereadsilentlywithfingertips.HechangeditandcreatedBraille.It'snowusedaroundtheworld!BEACONWhenHannahHerbstwasjust14yearsold,shewasnamedAmerica'sTopYoungScientistforinventingadevicecalledBEACON.AfterreceivingaletterfromherEthiopianpenpal,Hannahwasinspiredtocreateadevicethatcouldconverttheenergyfromoceanwavesintoelectricitywhichshehopeswillhelppeoplewithouteasyaccesstoelectricity.1．Whichoftheinventionsgreatlybenefitstheblind?A．Thetrampoline.B．ThePopsicle.C．Braille.D．BEACON.2．Whowasawardedanationaltitleforhis/herinvention?A．GeorgeNissen.B．FrankEpperson.C．LouisBraille.D．HannahHerbst.3．Whatdothechildinventorshaveincommon?A．Theywereallawardedfortheiramazinginventions.B．Theyallmadeimprovementsonpreviousinventions.C．Theywereallteenagerswhentheymadetheirinventions.D．Theyallinventedgreatthingsthatinfluencepeople'slives.B[2024·鄭州高三第一次質(zhì)測]Iftherewasasubjectatschoolthatmademeanxious,itwasscience.Maybethat'sbecauseinmytenthgrade,Icouldn'tunderstandmyphysicsteacher'sinstructions,causingmetoaccidentallysetfiretotheclassroom.So,whenmyhusbandandIdecidedtohomeschoolourdaughters,wemadeadeal:hewouldteachscience,whileIwouldhandleeverythingelse.Butthat'snothowthingshavebeengoingthesepastfewweeks,sincemyhusbandhasbeentoobusytoteachthegirls.Recently,whileoutonmymorninghikebeforestartinglessons,Inoticedthattheskywasabeautifulblue,andtheairwasfilledwiththesweetsmellofflowers.That'swhyIdecidedthattheday'slessonswouldbetaughtoutside,althoughIrememberedthatmydaughtershadn'thadanyscienceclassesfrommyhusbandforawhile.Ireturnedtothehousetogetthegirlsready.Weheadedupintotheforest,settlingourselvesbyapondthatrarelyhasanyvisitors.MydaughterSaoirsestartedtopickuppondweedandcatchfrogs,whilemyotherdaughterUlalookedatme,waitingtobeinstructed.Ihandedheradrawingboardandcoloredpencils.“Wewait，”Itoldher,“andseeifsomethingcomesalong.Inthemeantime,justdrawwhat'saroundyou.”Weworkedformorethananhour,hardlyspeaking.Abirdflewacrossthewater,andthensettledinfrontofafallentree.IquicklytoldUla,worryingthatshe'dnotseenthecreature.Butshehad,andshestarteddrawingit.Anhourlater,shefinishedherpictureandIstareddownatit.Shedrewthebirdonherpaperwithamazingaccuracy.Buttherewasoneotherinterestingfactaboutthisdrawing:shealsodrewme,sittingbesideher.Irealized,asIstaredatthischild'sdrawingofuswatchingabird,howI'dlivedfor40years,received10yearsofhighereducation,andneverunderstoodthefoundationofsciencebeforethismoment.Thefoundationofscienceisasenseofwonder;itisn'taboutaccuratelyrecitingwordsfromatextbook.Itisfirstandforemostaboutsteppingoutsideourbusylivesandbeingamazedattheworldaroundus.4.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutsciencewheninschool?A．Shewasnervousaboutit.B．Shewasfondofit.C．Shewasconfusedaboutit.D．Shewaseagerforit.5．Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph4refersto“________”．A．thefallentreeB．theforestC．thebirdD．thepicture6．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesUla?A．She'sveryoutgoing.B．She'sgoodatobserving.C．She'sveryhard-working.D．Shesharesinterestswithhersister.7．Whatisthefoundationofscienceintheauthor'sopinion?A．Attentiontoaccuracy.B．Curiosityabouttheoutsideworld.C．Determinationtofindoutthetruth.D．Theabilitytounderstandteachers'instructions.C[2024·河北省高三六校聯(lián)考]“ThefactthatthesmokereachedS?oPauloandblackenedanafternoonproveshowunusualthefiresthatburninthecountrysideofBrazilare，”RicardoMello,headoftheWorldWideFundforNature's(WWF)Amazonprogram,said.ThelatestfigurescomeatatimeofinternationalprotestagainsttheinactionofPresidentJairBolsonaro'sadministration.InJuly,Brazil'sNationalInstituteforSpaceResearch(INPE)showeddatatothepublic,whichindicatedthattherehadbeenasignificantriseindeforestation(毀林)rates.Particularly,thefiguresshowedthatinJuly2024,deforestationhadincreasednearly300percentincomparisontothesamemonthin2024.Environmentalistsarebecomingincreasinglyconcerned,accusingthegovernmentofencouragingdeforestationandthosewhowanttomakeuseoftheforestforcommercialgain.Duringhistimeinpower,Bolsonarohasmovedtorobsomepowerofgovernmentagenciesthatareresponsibleforprotectingtherainforestaswellasregulationscoveringnativelandsandnaturereserves.BolsonaroseesthesekindsofregulationsasadragoneconomicgrowthintheAmazonregion.FireintheAmazonisusedasatechniquetoclearlandforagriculture.“Farmersclearcutlandtomakewayforagriculture,andthenwaitforthedryseasontosetfiretoclearthelandsotheycanplant，”Mellosaid.“It'slikelythatalloftheseforestfiresaredeliberatelysetbyhumans.”NowitisthedryseasonintheAmazon,whichmeansconditionsinmanypartsoftherainforestaresuitableforthefirestospreadoverlargeareas.“Itisveryunlikelythatthosefiresbreakoutnaturally，”Mellosaid.“Itisimportanttorememberthat2024isnotastrongElNi?oyear.WhenwehavestrongElNi?os,weathergetsdrierinthenorthernpartofBrazilandthisfavorsfires.Thisisnotthecaseof2024.”8．Whyaredeforestationfiguresof2024and2024compared?A．ToshareknowledgeoftheAmazonforest.B．ToshowhowtheBrazilpresidentgoverns.C．Tostresstheseriousnessofdeforestation.D．Toexpresstheangerofenvironmentalists.9．WhatdoesPresidentBolsonarodofordeforestation?A．Weakeningrelevantgovernmentagencies.B．Encouragingthefightforcommercialgain.C．Usingtechniquestoclearlandforagriculture.D．Defendingregulationsaboutnaturereserves.10．WhataretheweatherconditionsoftheAmazonwhenthefiresbreakout?A．They'refitforfirestobreakoutnaturally.B．TheAmazonexperiencesthedryseason.C．They'repossibleforfirestospreadeverywhere.D．TheAmazonisjustinastrongElNi?oyear.11．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．JairBolsonaro'sAdministrationWasAccusedB．FarmersClearedAmazonC．UnusualRainforestFires:EffectsonHealthandWeatherD．AmazonFires:PossiblyLinkedtoEnvironmentalPoliciesD[2024·青島高三練習(xí)診斷]Hybridcarsarecarsthatrunonbothpetrolandelectricity.Theyeachhaveasmallstandardpetrolengineandabatteryandanelectricmotortoprovideelectricalpower.Therearesomedifferencesbetweendifferentmodelsofhybridcars,butthegeneralprincipleisthatthecarrunsonpetrol,andtheelectricmotorkicksinwhenadditionalpowerisrequired,forexamplewhengoinguphilloraccelerating.Insomehybridcarsthepetrolengineturnsitselfoffwhennotneeded,forexamplewhenthecarhasstoppedattrafficlights,keepingonlytheelectricenginerunning.Conventionalcarshavelargeenginestocopewithdrivinguphillandaccelerating.Mostofthetime,thishighenginecapacityisnotneeded,buttheenginecontinuesburningupfuel.Hybridcarshavemuchsmallerpetrolengines,boostedbyelectricmotorswhenneeded,sotheyuselesspetrol.Hybridcarsarealsolighterandaerodynamically(空氣動力學(xué)地)designedforgreaterfuelefficiency.Anotherwaythatfuelconsumptioniscutisbyasystemof“regenerativebraking(剎車)”.Theelectricmotorisusedtoslowdownthecar,ratherthanconventionalbrakes.Theenergyproducedbytheslowingcaristransformedintoelectricalpower,whichisautomaticallystoredinthebattery.Ineffect,thebatteryrechargeswhenyoubrake.Inconventionalcarstheenergyproducedwhenthecarsarebrakingiswasted.Carmanufacturersandengineershavebeenexperimentingwithelectricandhybridcarssincethelate19thcentury.In1898FerdinandPorschebuiltanexperimentalhybridcarthatusedbothaninternalburningengineandelectricmotors.Thefirstmass-producedhybridcar,theToyotaPrius,cameoutinJapanattheendof1997.However,hybridcarsbecameavailableintheUSAonlyin1999,whentheHondaInsightwentonsale.Astheyuselessfuel,hybridcarsarecheapertorun.Therearealsomanyinitiativesinplacetoencouragepeopletobuythem.Insomecountries,hybridcarownerspayalowerrateoftax,anddon'thavetopayoncertaintollroads(收費馬路).Insomecitiesaroundtheworld,hybridcarsareallowedtoparkforfree.12．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A．Hybridcarsdon'tneedpetrolanymore.B．Thepetrolengineandtheelectricmotorworkalltheway.C．Hybridcarsmainlydependonelectricalpowertorun.D．Somehybridcarpetrolengineswillquitwhenunnecessary.13．WhichisNOTthereasonwhyhybridcarsconsumelessenergy?A．Smallerpetrolengines.B．Scientificdesign.C．Conventionalbrakes.D．Energystorage.14．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Hybridcarsarecheapertobuy.B．Hybridcarownersdon'thavetopaytax.C．Hybridcarownersdon'tneedtopaytheparkingfee.D．Hybridcarswillhaveabrightfuture.15．What'stheauthor'spurposeofwritingthepassage?A．Toadvertisehybridcars.B．Tointroducehybridcars.C．Tocompareconventionalcarsandhybridcars.D．Toinformthedevelopmentofhybridcars.其次節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。[2024·臨沂市高三下學(xué)期模擬]LifeinDeathValleyDeathValleyisahugeplace,extendingmorethan225kilometersacrossthesouthernpartofCaliforniaintotheneighboringstateofNevada.Asbeautifulasthisplaceis,itsnameprovidesevidenceofveryrealdanger.__16__Ithasnearly1.4millionhectaresofdesertandmountainsthatreachmorethan3,000metersintothesky.DeathValleycanbedangerouslycoldduringthewintermonths.Stormsinthemountainscancausesuddenfloodsonthefloorofthevalley.But,duringsummermonths,theairtemperaturehasbeenashighas57degreesCelsius.__17__TheextremeheatofDeathValleyhasoncekilledpeople.InmanyareasofDeathValley,itiseasytoseewherethegroundhasbeenpushedupviolentlybymovementdeepintheEarth.Thishascreatedunusualandbeautifulrockformations,withcolorsofred,brown,gray,yellowandblack.InotherpartsofDeathValley,therearelinesintherock.Thelinesareevidenceofthepastpresenceofwater.__18__MuchofDeathValleyisflatandextremelydry.Insomeareasthegroundisnothingbutsalt.However,itwouldbewrongtothinkthatnothinglivesinDeathValley.__19__Wildflowersgrowveryquicklyafterevenasmallamountofrain.SeveralkindsofbirdsliveinDeathValley.Visitorsmightseethedog-likeanimalcalledthecoyote,orwildbighornsheep,orotheranimalslikethedeserttortoise.Throughouthistory,NativeAmericansfoundwaystosurviveinDeathValley.Rockartandotherremainsshowthathumanslivedinthevalleyasfarbackas9000yearsago.Nowadays,morethanonemillionpeoplevisititeachyear.__20__Thesunslowlyturnsthevalleyagoldcolorthatdeepenstoasoftbrown,thenchangestoadarkred.Asnightcomes,themountainsturnadarkpurplecolor,thenblack.A．Thevalleyisfulloflife.B．Thesettingsunisvisitors'favorite.C．Imageshereseemtochangeeachminute.D．DeathValleyisaplaceofstrangeandsilentbeauty.E．DeathValleydoesn'tforgivethosewhoarenotcareful.F．DeathValleyisalandofbeautifulyetdangerousextremes.G．Theareawasdeepunderanoceanformanythousandsofyears.40分閱讀理解提分練(三)第一節(jié)A語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會——獨創(chuàng)創(chuàng)建——小小獨創(chuàng)家[文章大意]像愛迪生那樣的大獨創(chuàng)家獨創(chuàng)的東西對人們的生活產(chǎn)生了很大的影響，但是事實上也有一些變更人們生活的東西是由孩子們獨創(chuàng)的。本文重點介紹了孩子們的四種獨創(chuàng)。1．答案與解析：C考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“benefitstheblind”定位至第四段，依據(jù)該段內(nèi)容特殊是最終兩句“HechangeditandcreatedBraille.It'snowusedaroundtheworld！”可知，Braille這個獨創(chuàng)對盲人極為有益。故C項正確。2．答案與解析：D考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)尾段第一句“WhenHannahHerbstwasjust14yearsold,shewasnamedAmerica'sTopYoungScientistforinventingadevicecalledBEACON.”可知，HannahHerbst在14歲時，因獨創(chuàng)了一種名為BEACON的裝置而被稱為美國頂級青年科學(xué)家。故D項正確。3．答案與解析：D考查推理推斷。依據(jù)第一段中的“haveinfluencedpeople'slives”和“otheramazinginventions”并通讀其次段至第五段可推知，孩子們的四種獨創(chuàng)——蹦床、棒冰、盲文、海浪發(fā)電裝置都很棒，它們影響了人們的生活。故D項正確。B語篇類型：記敘文主題語境：人與自我——個人經(jīng)驗——有關(guān)自然科學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的新相識[文章大意]上學(xué)的時候，作者總是對自然科學(xué)感到擔(dān)憂，然而成年后和女兒們一起到戶外學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)驗使作者相識到：學(xué)習(xí)自然科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)是對外界的新奇心。4．答案與解析：A考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第一段，尤其是第一句“Iftherewasasubjectatschoolthatmademeanxious,itwasscience”可知，作者在上學(xué)時對學(xué)習(xí)自然科學(xué)感到焦慮。5．答案與解析：C考查代詞指代。依據(jù)第四段其次、三句“Abirdflewacrossthewater...worryingthatshe'dnotseenthecreature”可知，一只鳥飛過水面，然后停留在一棵倒下的樹前，作者抓緊告知Ula，擔(dān)憂她沒有看到那只鳥，并結(jié)合畫線詞所在句中的“Butshehad”可知，她看到了那只鳥并起先畫它，故代詞it指代那只鳥。6．答案與解析：B考查推理推斷。依據(jù)第四段中的“Shedrewthebirdonherpaperwithamazingaccuracy.Buttherewasoneotherinterestingfactaboutthisdrawing:shealsodrewme,sittingbesideher”可知，Ula以驚人的精確性在紙上畫了那只鳥，而且還畫了坐在她旁邊的作者，由此可推知，Ula擅長視察。7．答案與解析：B考查觀點看法。依據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容，尤其是其次句中的“Thefoundationofscienceisasenseofwonder”以及尾句中的“beingamazedattheworldaroundus”可知，作者認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)自然科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)是對外界的新奇心。C語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與自然——人與環(huán)境——巴西熱帶雨林火災(zāi)[文章大意]文章介紹了巴西熱帶雨林火災(zāi)的緣由。8．答案與解析：C考查推理推斷。依據(jù)其次段中的“InJuly,Brazil'sNationalInstituteforSpaceResearch(INPE)showeddatetothepublic,whichindicatedthattherehadbeenasignificantriseindeforestation(毀林)rates.Particularly,thefiguresshowedthatinJuly2024,deforestationhadincreasednearly300percentincomparisontothesamemonthin2024.”可以推斷，對比數(shù)據(jù)的目的是強(qiáng)調(diào)森林被破壞的嚴(yán)峻性。9．答案與解析：A考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第三段中的“Duringhistimeinpower,Bolsonarohasmovedtorobsomepowerofgovernmentagenciestha