2023-2024學(xué)年新教材高中英語Unit4Livingwithtechnology素養(yǎng)培優(yōu)練（一）牛津譯林版選擇性

素養(yǎng)培優(yōu)練（一）Ⅰ.閱讀理解[2023·浙江校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí)]ATheEastAfricancountryKenyaisknownforitsamazingwildlife,especiallylions.However,overthelasttenyearsthepopulationoftheanimalshasdecreased（減少）from10,000tojustover2,000.Mostwerekilledbypoachers（偷獵者）,andsomebigcatsalsofallvictim（受害者）tothelocalpeopletryingtosavetheircattle.Ayoungboyhelpedchangethesituation.ElevenyearoldRichardTurerewasinchargeofhisfamily'sherdofcattle.TheonlyproblemwasthattheirlandhappenedtobelocatednearNairobiNationalPark,homeofthelargestnumberoflionsintheworld.Asaresult,thefamilyoftenwatchedhelplesslyasthehungrycatsdraggedoffoneoftheircows,sheeporgoats,especiallyinthemiddleofthenightwhentherewasnooneonwatch.Richarddecidedhehadtodosomethingtodealwiththesituation.Onethingtheyoungboyobservedwasthatwheneveraguardwaswalkingaroundwithaflashlight,thebigcatskeptawaybecause,believeitornot,theyareafraidofhumans.So,hedecidedtocreateanautomated（自動(dòng)的）flashlight.Tomakesurethatthecattledidnotgetdisturbed,thelightswereallplacedoutwardintothedarknessandflashcontinuously,sothatitappearedtothecatsasthoughsomeonewaswalkingaroundthefarmtheentirenight.Inthelasttwoyears,Richard'slionlightmethodhasbeenprotectinghisherdandhisneighbors',andnoonehasbeenlosttothelions.Thebestnewsofall,however,isthattheeducatorsatBrookhouseInternationalSchoolinNairobiweresoimpressedbywhatRichardcoulddowithnoaccesstobooksortechnicalhelpand,yes,noInternet,thattheydecidedtoprovidehimwiththenecessaryskills,byofferinghimafullscholarship.Richard,ofcourse,desirestobeanengineer!1.Duringthelasttenyears,thelionsinKenya.A.havebeenreducedbyabout80% B.havebeendrivenawaytoothercountriesC.havelivedinpeacewithhumans D.havebeenwellprotectedbyhumans2.WhatarethelionsafraidofaccordingtoRichard'sobservation?A.Thedarkness. B.Thelights. C.Machines. D.Humanbeings.3.WhichwordcanbestdescribeRichard?A.Proud. B.Clever. C.Shy. D.Brave.4.WhatwillRicharddonextprobably?A.Savemoneytogotoschool.B.Learnbyhimselfwhilewatchinghiscattle.C.StudyatBrookhouseInternationalSchool.D.Learnsomenecessaryskillsfromanengineer.[2023·山西運(yùn)城統(tǒng)考期末]BHowcanhumansbeeimmortal（永生的）?Youmighthaveonlyseentheideaofuploadingthehumanbraintoadigitalcloudinsciencefictionmovies.ElonMusk,TeslaCEO,hasalreadydoneso.ThesecretwasrevealedwhenaquestionpostedonTwittercaughthisattention.“Ifyoucoulduploadyourbraintothecloud,andtalktoavirtualversionofyourself,wouldyoubebuddies?”MuskrepliedonJuly19,“Alreadydidit.”ThereplyindicatedthatMusk'sbrainputerinterface（接口）pany,Neuralink,hadalreadyrealizedthetechnology,accordingtoXinhua.NeuralinkwasfoundedbyMuskin2016.Thepanyfocusesonbrainputerinterfacetechnologywhichisusedtoconnectthebraintoadigitalnetwork.Itisdevelopingdevicesforthetreatmentofpatientswithneurologicaldisorders（神經(jīng)障礙）.Inotherwords,thepanyaimstocreatelinksbetweenmindandmachine,accordingtoPsychologyToday.Sohowdobrainputerinterfaceswork?putersdesignedtolearnthepatternsofneuralactivityareusedtoextractinformationfromhumanbrains.Forexample,ifapersonimaginespickingupabook,theputerwouldthenlearntoidentifyhowthebraingivesthatmand.Next,theputerwouldsendthesignaltothemachine,whichwouldthenmovearoboticarmtoreachforthebook.UploadingabrainisonlypartofMusk'splan.HerevealedtoInsiderthathisgoalistodownloadhumanconsciousnessintorobots.Justlikehowourmemoriesarestoredinmobilephonesthroughpicturesandvideos,Muskimaginesthatourbrains—notonlyhowwethink,butalsoourpersonalitiesandhabits—canbetransferredintorobots.Inthisway,evenafterourbodiesdecay（腐朽）,ourbrainsarepreserved.Someexpertsbelievethatthiscouldbeachievableoneday,butthetimelineisunclear.“Themostwildlyoptimisticpredictionsplaceminduploadingwithinafewdecades,butIwouldnotbesurprisedifittookcenturies,”wroteMichaelS.A.Graziano,aprofessoratPrincetonUniversity,inaWallStreetJournalessay.5.WhatdoesNeuralinkfocuson?A.Studyinghowtoconnectthebraintoputers.B.Offeringanewmeansofmunication.C.Revealingsecretsconcerningbrains.D.Helpingpeopleliveforever.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“extract”inParagraph4mean?A.Send. B.Identify. C.Get. D.Extend.7.Whatdoweknowaboutthebrainputerinterfacetechnology?A.Ithasbeenwidelyusedinthetreatmentofpatientswithneurologicaldisorders.B.Itwouldsoonbeabletodownloadhumanconsciousnessintorobots.C.ItwasinspiredbyatoughquestionpostedonTwitter.D.Itallowsuserstomoveobjectswiththeirminds.8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Anadvancedtechnology. B.Anoutstandinginventor.C.Ashockingnewsstory. D.Ascientificstudy.Ⅱ.七選五FindtheMissingThingsQuicklyLosingsomethingcanbeworrying.Thenhowtofinditinashorttime?Widenyoursearchrangetoalargerarea.Ifyourmissingitemisn'tinthespotwhereyouusuallykeepit,it'stimetosearchinalargerarea.Searchafewinchesoutfromthespotwhereyoustartedandseeiftheitemturnsup.1Keepwideningyoursearcharealittlebylittleuntilyoufindwhatyou'relookingfor.Cleanupthearea.Sometimes,evenexpandingthesearchareadoesn'thelpyoufindwhatyou'relookingfor.Unfortunately,there'susuallyonlyonesolutionifthathappens—you'vegottodosomecleaning.2Tidyuptheareatogetridofanyclutter（雜亂的東西）andyourmissingitemjustmayturnup.3Sometimes,youmaythinkyou'velostsomethingwhensomeoneelsejustborrowedormovedit.Askanyonewho'sbeenaroundtheitemifthey'veseenitorknowwhereitis.Ifyoukeeplosingitemsbecausefriends,family,orcoworkersarealways“borrowing”them,don'tfeelbadabouttellingthemtoaskbeforetheytakeanything.4Visitthelostandfoundinpubliclocations.Ifyouloseyouritematastore,restaurant,orotherpublicplaces,youcangetluckyifsomeoneelsefindsitforyou.Headtothelostandfoundtoaskifyouritem'sbeenturnedin.5Thatway,theycangetintouchwithyouifitdoesshowup.A.Borrowsomeitemsfromyourfriends.B.Askfriends,coworkersorfamilymembers.C.That'stheonlywaytokeeptrackofyouritem.D.Ifyouritemisn'tthere,leaveyourcontactinformation.E.You'reprobablygoingtomisstheiteminamessyroom.F.Describetheitemandaskyourfriendstohelpyoufinditinotherplaces.G.Ifyoustilldon'tfindwhatyou'relookingfor,expandyoursearchareaagain.Ⅲ.完形填空IhavestayedattheOprylandHotelmanytimes.Anditalways1me.EverytimeIvisit,it2meofanamusementpark.Theinterior（內(nèi)部）ofthehotelfeaturesthreebiggardens.I3thereareatleast10,000plants.Flowersgrowfromthesidesoftreesandlush（繁茂的）plantsgiveanalmost4feel.Onarecentvisit,Icaughtadifferentglimpse.Iarrived5foramediainterviewinanareathatprovidedagreat6oftheindoorgardens,soIhadtowait.Isatdownand7thebeauty.Inoticedthemovementamongthelushplants.Oneofthehotelgardenerswas8—cuttingoffbrownleaves,diggingupdeadplants,andreplantingnewones.Shetookgreatcareoverwhatevershedid.Shelookedso9inthemiddleofthosegiantplants.It10tomethatsheprobablydidn'tthinkwhatshewasdoingwasabig11.Shewasjustdoingherjob,andallshecould12wasthatlittlesection.Butbecauseshediditwell,thatpartofthegardenlookedbeautifulandhealthy.Ittakesmanypeopletokeepthosegardenslookingso13.Andwhenallofthemdotheirjobs,folkslikemeare14toavisualfeastandarelaxing15.It'sthesamewithus.Somedaysthingscanseemrepetitiveordull.Buthereisthething:Justperformthosetasksfaithfully!1.A.escapesfrom B.caresabout C.appealsto D.dependson2.A.reminds B.convinces C.informs D.robs3.A.agree B.doubt C.hope D.guess4.A.history B.jungle C.plain D.mountain5.A.early B.instantly C.late D.hurriedly6.A.service B.name C.explanation D.view7.A.forgot B.enjoyed C.created D.shared8.A.working B.waiting C.observing D.thinking9.A.tall B.lucky C.tiny D.simple10.A.happened B.occurred C.jumped D.got11.A.goal B.incident C.garden D.deal12.A.see B.sell C.show D.use13.A.international B.lovely C.meaningful D.funny14.A.introduced B.referred C.invited D.treated15.A.environment B.game C.activity D.factor素養(yǎng)培優(yōu)練（一）Ⅰ.閱讀理解1.A[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段第二句可知，在過去的十年里，肯尼亞獅子的數(shù)量由10,000頭減少到2,000多頭，因此在過去的十年里獅子的數(shù)量減少了約百分之八十。2.D[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中“theyareafraidofhumans”可知，Richard通過自己的觀察判斷，獅子害怕人類。3.B[解析]推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，雖然Richard只有11歲，但他通過觀察獅子的習(xí)性做出了自己的判斷并研究出驅(qū)趕獅子的方法。這一過程中展現(xiàn)出了他的觀察力、思考力和行動(dòng)力，clever可概括其特點(diǎn)。4.C[解析]推理判斷題。由最后一段可知，Richard獲得了以全額獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金在BrookhouseInternationalSchool求學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)，而他也夢想成為工程師。由此推知，他會(huì)去該學(xué)校求學(xué)?！菊Z篇導(dǎo)讀】小男孩Richard通過自己的觀察和思考找到了驅(qū)趕獅子的方法，既保護(hù)了家畜，又讓獅子免遭牧民的殺害，可謂一舉兩得。5.A[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段前兩句可知，這家公司主要研究如何將大腦連接到網(wǎng)絡(luò)上。6.C[解析]詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線單詞下一句所舉例子可知，計(jì)算機(jī)是從大腦中提取信息。故extract與get意思接近。7.D[解析]推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句可知，如果一個(gè)人想象拿起一本書，計(jì)算機(jī)就會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)識(shí)別大腦是如何發(fā)出命令的。接下來，計(jì)算機(jī)將向機(jī)器發(fā)送信號(hào)，然后機(jī)器將移動(dòng)機(jī)械臂去拿書。由此可推斷，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)意味著我們可以通過自己的思維來移動(dòng)物體。8.A[解析]主旨大意題。瀏覽全文可知，文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新技術(shù)——腦機(jī)接口技術(shù)。【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究成果，腦機(jī)接口技術(shù)已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)。Ⅱ.七選五1.G[解析]本段建議我們擴(kuò)大搜索范圍,而且該空前后的內(nèi)容都與擴(kuò)大搜索范圍有關(guān)。因此,G項(xiàng)（如果你仍然沒有找到你要找的東西,再次擴(kuò)大你的尋找范圍）承上啟下,符合該段語境。2.E[解析]下一句提到清理雜物,你丟失的物品可能就會(huì)出現(xiàn)。E項(xiàng)指出在雜亂的房間你可能注意不到丟失的東西,引出下文,符合語境。3.B[解析]下文提到有時(shí)東西被他人借走時(shí),你或許認(rèn)為你把東西弄丟了,并建議我們問一下其他人有沒有看到你丟失的東西。因此,B項(xiàng)（問朋友、同事或家人）能夠概括本段主旨。4.C[解析]上一句提到如果你的朋友、家人或同事總是擅自拿走你的東西,告訴他們在拿走任何東西前要請(qǐng)求你的許可。C項(xiàng)緊承上文