2025屆新高三英語開學(xué)摸底考試卷2（北京卷）解析版

絕密★啟用前

2025屆新高三開學(xué)摸底考試卷02（北京卷）解析版

（考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）

第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)供10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

Imovedtoanewcityandtookajobinmarketing.Ididn'treallyunderstandwhetheritappliedtome.I

enjoyeddoingthingsthatIfelthad1.Asthemonthspassed,Ifeltitjustwasn'tforme.Ineededtofind

awayout.

Ajobadvertisementforaneditorforanewyouthmagazinecameatexactlytherighttime.Iappliedand

wassuccessful.Myrolewastohelpteamsofyoungpeopleedittheircontentandhelpthemwiththeirwork.Ihad

assumedthemagazinewouldbea（n）2ofgamesanddullreviews,soIwas3whenoneofthe

firstpieceswrittenwasaboutsocialwelfare.4IfoundsomethingIwasinterestedin.

Ifelta5inmestraightaway.Ihadapurposeagain.Dayswerelosttodiscussinghottopicsand

6thewordsoftheirstrongandopinionated（堅持己見的）voices._____7_____intheirworld,Icouldsee

myselfmakingadifferencetotheteam'swritingability.Asourwebsite8increasedandthework

shiftedtoreflectwhatouraudienceswanted,Idevelopedagreaterunderstandingofwhatyoungpeoplemight

wanttoread.

Thebiggestchangethejobbrought,thoughwastomywell-being.Itisrareyoufindyourselfinajobyou

love,onethatyouarehappyto9eachday.Iwasthrivinginthiscreativeenvironment,inspiredby

thetalentedyoungpeopleIwashelpingto10theircareers.Now,Irealizethattherearejobs

thatwillkeepyouhappy,energeticandinspired.

1.A.purposeB.convenienceC.restrictionD.entertainment

2.A.replacementB.mixtureC.innovationD.symbol

3.A.amusedB.embarrassedC.touchedD.surprised

4.A.NaturallyB.GenerallyC.FrequentlyD.Finally

5.A.contrastB.shockC.changeD.shame

6.A.readingB.translatingC.spellingD.copying

7.A.TrappedB.HiddenC.InvestedD.Imagined

8.A.hitsB.pagesC.profitsD.advertisements

9.A.leavebehindB.gointoC.refertoD.setaside

10.A.transferB.rescueC.disciplineD.further

【答案】

l.A2.B3.D4.D5.C6.A7.C8.A9.B10.D

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者講述了放棄了自己不喜歡且感覺沒有目標(biāo)的工作，去應(yīng)聘了一個編輯

工作，幫年輕人改稿子，作者覺得非常開心，覺得自己改變了很多，對工作充滿熱情，對年輕人也很有幫

助。

1.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我喜歡做我覺得有意義的事情。A.purpose目的意圖，意義價值；B.

convenience便利；C.restriction限制，約束；D.entertainment娛樂。根據(jù)上文“Ididiftreallyunderstand

whetheritappliedtome”可知，作者不知道為什么從事當(dāng)時的那份工作，所以推測，作者喜歡做有意義的

事，下文“Ihadapurposeagain.”中purpose是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選A項。

2.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我原以為這本雜志會是一堆游戲和無聊評論的混合體，所以當(dāng)我看到最初

的一篇文章是關(guān)于社會福利的時候，我感到很驚訝。A.replacement取代，替代品；B.mixture混合；C.

innovation創(chuàng)新；D.symbol符號，象征。根據(jù)下文"ofgamesanddullreviews”可知，作者應(yīng)該是猜想年

輕人寫內(nèi)容多是這兩種的混合。故選B項。

3.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.amused被逗笑的，愉悅的；B.embarrassed尷尬的；C.touched

感動的；D.surprised驚訝的，出乎意料的。根據(jù)下文"whenoneofthefirstpieceswrittenwasaboutsocial

welfare.4,IfoundsomethingIwasinterestedin”可知，作者原以為會看到年輕人作品會很無聊，

事實看到寫的是社會福利這樣有意義的社會問題，所以作者感到很驚訝。故選D項。

4.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：終于，我找到了我感興趣的事情。A.Naturally自然而然地；B.Generally

一般來說；C.Frequently頻繁地；D.Finally最后，終于。根據(jù)上文“Asthemonthspassed,Ifeltitjustwasift

forme.Ineededtofindawayout."以及下文"IfoundsomethingIwasinterestedin.“可知，幾個月過去了作

者沒有找到合適的工作，終于找到自己喜歡又有意義的工作。故選D項。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我立刻感到我的內(nèi)心發(fā)生了變化。A.contrast對比；B.shock震驚；C.change

變化，改變；D.shame羞恥。原來做的是不適合自己的工作，現(xiàn)在是自己很喜歡的工作，心情是變化了。

下文“Ihadapurposeagain."以及"Thebiggestchangethejobbrought,thoughwastomywell-being"都說

明作者感受到了自己的變化，其中change是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選C項。

6.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：幾天的時間在討論熱點話題和閱讀他們的強烈和堅持己見的聲音中過去了。

A.reading閱讀;B.translating翻譯;C.spelling拼寫；D.copying復(fù)制。根據(jù)上文"Myrolewastohelpteams

ofyoungpeopleedittheircontentandhelpthemwiththeirwork.”作者的工作是編輯，應(yīng)該是首先要閱讀表

達年輕人觀點的文章，再進行修改指導(dǎo)編輯。故選A項。

7.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：投入到他們的世界中，我可以看到自己對團隊的寫作能力有很大的影響。A.

Trapped困?。籅.Hidden隱藏；C.Invested投資，投入；D.Imagined想象。根據(jù)上文"Dayswerelostto

discussinghottopicsand6thewordsoftheirstrongandopinionated(堅持己見的)voices."可

知，作者我喜歡這份工作，后面表示對這些年輕人的習(xí)作能力有了很大的影響，說明作者應(yīng)該是全身心地

投入的工作中。故選C項。

8.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著我們網(wǎng)站點擊量的增加，并且我們的工作也在隨之轉(zhuǎn)變，反映我們的

讀者想要什么，我對年輕人可能想要讀什么有了更深入的了解。A.hits點擊量；B.pages頁數(shù)；C.profits

利潤；D.advertisements廣告。下文“theworkshiftedtoreflectwhatouraudienceswanted”說明網(wǎng)站點擊

量增多了，故選A項。

9.考查動詞短語辨析。句意：你很難找到自己喜歡的工作，一份你每天都樂意投入的工作。A.leavebehind

甩在后面；B.gointo參加，開始從事；C.referto參考，提及，指的是；D.setaside暫時擱置一邊。根據(jù)

上文“Thebiggestchangethejobbrought,thoughwastomywell-being"以及下文"Iwasthrivinginthis

creativeenvironment”可知，作者找到了一份自己喜愛的工作，每天很投入地去做(gointo)。故選B項。

10.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我在這種創(chuàng)造性的環(huán)境下很充實，我?guī)椭@些有才華的年輕人取得事業(yè)的

進一步發(fā)展，而我也深受鼓舞啟發(fā)。A.transfer轉(zhuǎn)移，移交；B.rescue救援；C.discipline紀(jì)律，懲罰；

□further使進一步，推進。作者作為編輯幫這些年輕作者修改稿子，提高他們的寫作能力，應(yīng)該是推動

了他們的事業(yè)更進一步發(fā)展。故選D項。

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)

A

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

PARIS-China'slegendarytabletennisplayerMaLongandartisticswimmerFengYuwillcarryChina'sflag

atthe2024ParisOlympicGamesopeningceremonyonFridayevening.Ma,Hhasclaimedthree

teamgoldsandtwosinglestitlesinpreviousOlympicGames,willbemakinghisfourthOlympicappearancein

Paris.12(lead)China'sartisticswimmingteamtoasilvermedalatTokyo2020,the24-year-oldFeng

lookstodreambiggerinParis.Chinahasmadesteadyprogressinartisticswimminginrecentyears,sealinggolds

inallfiveOlympicroutinesattheWorldChampionshipsinDoha."Thetwocandidatesreflectour13

(recognize)ofveteranathleteswhopersist14theircareers,aswellastheencouragementtotherising

eventsandyoungsters/saidZhangXin,thesecretary-generaloftheChineseOlympicdelegation.

【答案】

11.who12.Havingled13.recognition14.in

【導(dǎo)語】中國傳奇乒乓球運動員馬龍和藝術(shù)游泳運動員馮羽在2024年巴黎奧運會開幕式上擔(dān)任中國國旗

旗手。

ll.whOo考查定語從句的用法。結(jié)合語境這里應(yīng)用who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，主語指人，故填who。

12.Havingledo考查非謂語動詞的用法。Havingdone作狀語，強調(diào)該動作先于謂語動作發(fā)生。故填Having

ledo

13.recognitiono考查動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為的用法。結(jié)合語境需要一個名詞。故填recognition。

14.ino考查動詞短語的用法。persisiin…表示“堅持做某事”。故填加。

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

PARIS—ChinesetoptennisplayerZhengQinwen15(successful)createdhistoryasshe16

(defeat)topseedIgaSwiatektoreachtheParisOlympictennisfinalhereonAugust1atRolandGarros.

AustralianOpenfinalistZhengimprovedChina*spreviousbestresultoflastfourintheOlympic17

(women)singleseventbytwo-timeGrandSlamwinnerLiNa,beatingPoland*sSwiatek6-2,7-5.

【答案】

15.successfully16.defeated17.women's

【導(dǎo)語】8月1日，中國頂級網(wǎng)球運動員鄭欽文在羅蘭加洛斯擊敗頭號種子伊加?斯維亞特，成功進入巴

黎奧運會網(wǎng)球決賽，創(chuàng)造了歷史。

15.successfullyo考查形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞的用法。結(jié)合語境修飾動詞應(yīng)用副詞。故填successfully。

16.defeatedo考查謂語動詞的用法。結(jié)合語境這里一般過去時。故填defeated。

17.women^o考查名詞所有格的用法。women'ssingles女子單打。故填women's。

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

PARIS—China*sLiuYukunbaggedagoldmedalinhisOlympicdebutafterwinningthemen's50mrifle3

positionshereonAugust1.18(qualify)firstwith594points,theworldrecordholderregistered463.6

pointsinthefinal.Thisisthe19(four)shootinggoldforChinaattheParisOlympics.ShengLihao

took20individualgoldinmen's10mairrifle,twodaysafterwinningthefirstgoldofParis2024with

hispairHuangYutinginthemixedteameventonSaturday.XieYuwonmen's10mairpistolonSunday.

【答案】

18.Qualified19.fourth20.an

【導(dǎo)語】8月1日，中國選手劉宇坤在奧運會上首次亮相，以594分獲得第一名，獲得男子50米步槍3

姿的金牌。

18.Qualifiedo考查非謂語動詞的用法。結(jié)合語境這里考查bequaifiedas/wih…。故填Quali行ed。

19.fourtho考查的用法。結(jié)合語境應(yīng)用序數(shù)詞作定語。故填fourth。

20.ano考查不定冠詞的用法。anindividualgold個人金牌。故填an。

第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）

第一節(jié)（共14小題海小題2分，共28分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

A

You'veracedtothesupermarketonlytorealiseyou'velefttheshoppinglisthome.Youneedtomemorise

whichgroceriestopickupbeforeyouforget.Thankfully,there9samemoryaidthat'sperfectforthejob:the

peg-wordmethod.

Whatisthepeg-wordmethod?

Itemploysasetofpre-determinedwords,regardedaspegwords,fortheto-be-rememberedinformation.Peg

wordsactasastructuretohelpyourememberparticularitems.Essentially,you'rehanginginformationyouneed

torecallonthesepegs,whichallowsittoberecalledquicklyandeasily.

Initially,tousethismethod,youwillhavetorememberthepegwordsaswellasthenumbers:

one=buntwo=shoethree=treefour=doorfive=hive

six=sticksseven=heaveneight=gatenine=vineten=hen

Thenextstepistocreateassociationsbetweentheinformationyouneedtorememberandtheitemlinked

withthecorrespondingnumber.Ifthefirstitem,forinstance,ismilk,thenyouneedtovisualisethemilkanda

bun（〃、圓面包）together.Themoreunusualyoucanmakeyourimage,themorelikelyyouaretorememberit.In

thiscase,youcouldimagineabundrinkingaglassofmilk.

Whyisituseful?

Asthecaseshows,itismostusefulwhenitcomestorememberinglistsandyoucanrecallthelisteditems

easilyinorder.Anotherwaytousethismemoryaidistomemoriseimportantnumbers,likephonenumbersor

dates.Forinstance,youneedtorememberthatWilliamShakespearewasbomintheyear1564.First,changethat

numbertobun-hive-sticks-door.Thenimagineastorytohelpyouremembertheseries:

WilliamShakespeareputabuninabeehivetocoatitinhoney,buthedidn'tlikehowstickyitbecamesohe

threwitatadoor.

Thepeg-wordmethodhasbeenwildlyrecognizedasahelpfulmemoryaid.Formoreinformation,please

visit/.

21.Howcanweapplythepeg-wordmethodtorecallanitem?

A.Listoutdifferentmeaningsoftheitem.

B.Visualisetheitemandmemorizeitsimage.

C.Choosetheitem'spegwordandrememberit.

D.Createavisuallinkbetweentheitemanditspegword.

22.Whatisthebestwaytorememberthenumber347withthepegwordsinthetable?

A.Ahendrinksfromabottleofwine.

B.Aloadofeggsgrowlikefruitonatree.

C.Atreegrowsthroughthedoortoheaven.

D.Anappleshootsoutofabunandhitsthedoor.

23.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

A.Tointroduceahelpfulmemorytool.

B.Toadvertiseabraintrainingprogram.

C.Tohighlighttheimportanceofpegwords.

D.Toanalyzethenecessityoftrainingmemory.

【答案】21.D22.C23.A

【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了一種輔助幫助記憶的工具一一掛鉤詞法。

21.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Essentially,you'rehanginginformationyouneedtorecallonthese

pegs,whichallowsittoberecalledquicklyandeasily.（從本質(zhì)上講，你把需要回憶的信息掛在這些掛鉤上，

這樣就可以快速、輕松地回憶起來）”及表格下一段"Thenextstepistocreateassociationsbetweenthe

informationyouneedtorememberandtheitemlinkedwiththecorrespondingnumber.Ifthefirstitem,for

instance,ismilk,thenyouneedtovisualisethemilkandabuntogether.（下一步是在你需要記住的信息和

與相應(yīng)數(shù)字相關(guān)聯(lián)的項目之間建立聯(lián)系。例如，如果第一件東西是牛奶，那么你需要想象牛奶和面包在一

起）”可知，我們需要在事物和它的掛鉤詞之間創(chuàng)建一個想象鏈接，即，看到這些詞就能想到對應(yīng)的事物

來幫助我們記住事物。故選D。

22.推理判斷題。347對應(yīng)數(shù)字three,four,seven,觀察表格可知，three=tree（樹木）,four=door（門）,

seven=heaven（天堂），將“樹木，門，天堂”聯(lián)系起來，得到C選項“從通往天堂的門里長出一棵樹”。

故選C。

23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段"Thankfully,there'samemoryaidthat,sperfectforthejob:the

peg-wordmethod.（值得慶幸的是，有一種記憶輔助工具非常適合這項工作:掛鉤詞法）”及最后一段“The

peg-wordmethodhasbeenwildlyrecognizedasahelpfulmemoryaid.Formoreinformation,pleasevisit

https:〃”掛鉤詞法被廣泛認為是一種有助于記憶的方法。欲了解更多信息，請訪問

/）w可推知，本文是為了向大家介紹一種有用的記憶工具。故選A。

B

AbeidwasbominavillageofTanzaniaanddreamtofflyingaplane,soaring（翱翔）throughthesky.Due

tofinancialdifficulties,hebecameawildlifeguideinstead.

Abeiddidn'tgiveup.Hebecameachiefpilotofhotairballooningattheageof20.Hispassionforflying

wasmatchedbyhisskillbothasapilotandasaguide.Then,hecameupwiththeideaofflyingacrossthe

Serengetifromeasttowest,whichwouldtakefourflightsonsuccessivedays,takingoffandlandingwhereno

onehadeverseenaballoonbefore.

Asajournalist,IwassoluckytomakeajourneywithAbeid.Wewereupat3am.Abeidwalkedintothe

basketandcheckedthelinesandthefastenings.Momentslater,hewasinstructingmetogetintoit.Withbarely

timetocatchmybreath,hegavealongblast（猛吹）ontheburnersandthebaskettippedupright.

Overthefollowingdays,wegaspedatthejoyandwonderofthesky;atthebeautyandcomplexityofthe

landbeneathus.Therewasnofear,justasenseofbeingpartofsomethingfantasticaswefloatedinthesilenceof

theAfricansky.

ButnoteverythingwententirelytoAbeid'scarefullyworked-outplan.Therainsthathadstartedtofall

everyafternoonslowedtheair.Onthefinalday,welanded20kmshortofthedestination.Luckily,wefinally

madethecrossingthenextmorning.

Whenwewerereturningtotheland,crowdsofpeopleshoutedandwaved.Manychildrenlookedupaswe

flewoverthem,andstartedtorun.AsAbeidbroughttheballoondown,peoplegatheredaroundtheballoon,

pressingagainstthebasket.Thosechildrenwerealsothere,flushedandbreathless,eyeswidewithamazement.

AbeidandIbothlookedateachotherinsilentagreement.Suddenlywewerehelpingsomechildrenintothe

basket.Abeidliftedoffandweflewjustafewhundredmetreswiththeexcitedcrowdrunningalongside.

IrealizedthatAbeid'sjourneywasmorethanjustaboutflying.Itwasabouthope,inspiration,andthejoy

ofsharingone'spassion.AndasIpenneddownthelastwordsofthisextraordinaryexperience,Iknewthat

Abeid'sstorywouldresonate（回蕩）farbeyondtheSerengeti.

28.WhatdidAbeiddreamof?

A.Beingawildlifeguide.B.Beingajournalist.

C.Flyingahotairballoon.D.Flyingaplane.

29.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthejourneyacrosstheSerengeti?

A.Smooth.B.Pioneering.C.Painful.D.Eco-friendly.

30.WhatagreementdidAbeidandtheauthorreach?

A.Showingtheirtechnicalskills.B.Teachingthechildrentobeapilot.

C.Takingthechildrenforaride.D.Attractingpeopletotheirshow.

31.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ABeautifulView:fromEasttoWest

B.ABalloonAdventure:theDreamSoaringHigh

C.DifferentJobExperiences:fromaGuidetoaPilot

D.AWildlifeExploration:theUnforgettableExperience

【答案】28.D29.B30.C31.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。文章講述主人公阿貝德的一次開創(chuàng)性的氣球飛行冒險，實現(xiàn)了飛行夢想，充滿希

望，靈感和分享的快樂。

28.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“AbeidwasborninavillageofTanzaniaanddreamtofflyingaplane,

soaring（翱翔）throughthesky.（阿貝德出生在坦桑尼亞的一個村莊，他的夢想是駕駛一架飛機，在天空翱

翔。）”可知，Abeid的夢想是開飛機。故選D。

29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的"Then,hecameupwiththeideaofflyingacrosstheSerengetifromeastto

west,whichwouldtakefourflightsonsuccessivedays,takingoffandlandingwherenoonehadeverseena

balloonbefore.（然后，他想到了從東到西飛越塞倫蓋蒂的想法，這需要連續(xù)四天飛行四次，起飛和降落在

以前沒有人見過氣球的地方。）”可知，穿越塞倫蓋蒂是開創(chuàng)性的，以前這里沒有熱見過氣球。故選B。

30.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的aAbeidandIbothlookedateachotherinsilentagreement.Suddenly

wewerehelpingsomechildrenintothebasket.Abeidliftedoffandweflewjustafewhundredmetreswith

theexcitedcrowdrunningalongside.（阿貝德和我都默默對視一眼達成協(xié)議。突然，我們幫助一些孩子進入

籃子。阿貝德起飛了，我們只飛了幾百米，興奮的人群在旁邊奔跑。）”可知，阿貝德和作者達成的協(xié)議

是帶孩子們飛一段路程。故選C。

31.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第~段的"AbeidwasborninavillageofTanzaniaanddreamtofflyingaplane,

soaring（翱翔）throughthesky.（阿貝德出生在坦桑尼亞的一個村莊，他的夢想是駕駛一架飛機，在天空翱

翔。）“，第二段的"Then,hecameupwiththeideaofflyingacrosstheSerengetifromeasttowest,which

wouldtakefourflightsonsuccessivedays,takingoffandlandingwherenoonehadeverseenaballoon

before.（然后，他想到了從東到西飛越塞倫蓋蒂的想法，這需要連續(xù)四天飛行四次，起飛和降落在以前沒

有人見過氣球的地方。）”以及最后一段realizedthatAbeidJsjourneywasmorethanjustaboutflying.

Itwasabouthope,inspiration,andthejoyofsharingone'spassion.AndasIpenneddownthelastwords

ofthisextraordinaryexperience,IknewthatAbeid'sstorywouldresonate（回蕩）farbeyondthe

Serengeti.（我意識到阿貝德的旅程不僅僅是飛行。它是關(guān)于希望、靈感和分享激情的快樂。當(dāng)我寫下這段

非凡經(jīng)歷的最后幾句話時，我知道阿貝德的故事會引起共鳴，遠遠超出塞倫蓋蒂。）”可知，文章主語講

述阿貝德的一次開創(chuàng)性的氣球飛行冒險，實現(xiàn)了飛行夢想，充滿希望，靈感和分享的快樂，因此推斷B項

“氣球冒險：高飛的夢想”為最佳標(biāo)題。故選B。

C

Theideathatagingreducesadults'abilitytoimagine,acommonthemeinchildren'sliterature,is

contradictedbypsychologicalresearch.Whilechildrenareoftenportrayedasmoreimaginative,researchindicates

thatadultsnotonlykeepthisabilitybutsometimessurpasschildreninimaginativethinking.

Childrenarefrequentlycelebratedforboundlessimagination.Yet,researchrevealsthattheirmake-believe

gamesoftencenteraroundrealisticscenarios,suchascookingandcleaning,asdemonstratedina2020study

publishedinJournalofCognitionandDevelopment.Anotherstudy,lastingforfourdecades,alsosuggeststhat

childrenarenotnaturallymoreimaginativethanadults;theirlimitationsresultfromalackofknowledgeand

expertisetoeffectivelyusetheirimaginativecapacityasadults.

Imaginationmayhaveevolvedforconsideringalternativestoreality,butweuseitmostnaturallytoexplore

closealternatives,likepreparingadifferentmeal,ratherthanfaralternatives,likeridingonclouds.Whenweuse

imaginationtoenvisionfaralternatives-toinnovateorinvent-we5renotdiggingintoaninbornappreciation

oftheextraordinary;we'reusingatooldesignedtoexploretheordinary.Whenconsideringalternativestoreality,

wefixourattentiononpossibilitiesthatarephysicallyreasonable,statisticallyprobable,sociallyconventionaland

morallypermissible.Whentoldaboutpossibilitiesthatviolatesuchregularities,weusuallydenytheycould

happen.Generallyspeaking,ourideasaboutwhatcouldhappenarefirmlyrootedinwhatweexpecttohappen.

Thismindsetisalsoparticularlyapparentinyoungchildren.Ina2018studyIco-designedwith

psychologistJonathanPhillips,4-year-oldswereaskedtohelpadistressedgirlwhodislikedgoingtoschooldue

tomissinghermother.Amongallthesolutionsgiven,theyperceivedtheonlypossiblesolutionwasforhermother

todosomethingspecialafterschooltoeaseherconcerns.Unexpectedalternatives,suchassnappingfingersand

makingitSaturday,wearingpajamastoschoolorlyingaboutschoolbeingclosed,wereallregardedimpossible.

Fromthis,wecanconcludethatchildren'searliestintuitions（直覺力）aboutpossibilityconfusewhatcould

happenwithwhatshouldhappen.

Historically,theimprobableeventoftravelingfasterthanahorsewasconsideredimpossible,aswas

travelingbyairortravelingintospace.Beforethearrivaloftrainsandplanes,thereweregoodreasonstothink

thatpeoplecouldtravelonlysofarandonlysofast.Butthesereasonswereempirical（經(jīng)驗主義的），notlogical.

Imagination,onitsown,lumpstheimprobablewiththeimpossible,butwecancombineimaginationwithother

abilities-namely,knowledgeandreflection-toseparatethetwo.Whileimaginationinchildrenoftensubjects

toexpectation,adultscancontroltheirimaginativecapacityforinnovationbyintegratingitwithaccumulated

knowledgeandreflectivethinking.

24.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,weknowthat.

A.childrendevelopimaginationthroughgames

B.childrenfacelimitationsinacquiringknowledge

C.adultsareasgoodaschildreninimaginativethinking

D.adults9imaginativeabilityislikelytostayconstantwithage

25.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.

A.expectationresultsfromimaginativecapacity

B.certainpracticalconcernscanlimitimagination

C.breakingregularitiesmayleadtoclosealternatives

D.faralternativesaremoreimportantthanclosealternatives

26.The2018studyshowsthatchildren.

A.cameupwithawiderangeofalternativesB.werequickertofigureoutsolutions

C.tookwhatshouldhappenaspossibilitiesD.usedimaginationinareasonableway

27.Theunderlinedword"lumps“inthelastparagraphprobablymeans.

A.mixB.matchC.compareD.replace

【答案】24.D25.B26.C27.A

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。這篇短文主要指出心理學(xué)研究反駁了老年人想象力下降的觀點，實際上成年人

在某些方面可能比兒童更有想象力。研究表明，兒童的想象游戲通常圍繞現(xiàn)實場景，并非天生比成人更具

想象力，而是受限于知識和經(jīng)驗。人們傾向于用想象力探索與現(xiàn)實相近的可能性，而非遙遠的不切實際的

事物。研究還顯示，兒童對可能性的理解容易與期望混淆。最后，文章強調(diào)成人可以通過結(jié)合知識和反思

來控制想象力，從而進行創(chuàng)新。

24.推理判斷題。由第一段中Whilechildrenareoftenportrayedasmoreimaginative,researchindicates

thatadultsnotonlykeepthisabilitybutsometimessurpasschildreninimaginativethinking.（雖然兒童通

常被描繪成更有想象力，但研究表明，成年人不僅保持了這種能力，而且有時在想象力思維方面超過了兒

童）”和第二段中"Anotherstudy,lastingforfourdecades,alsosuggeststhatchildrenarenotnaturally

moreimaginativethanadults（另一項持續(xù)四十年的研究也表明，兒童天生并不比成年人更有想象力）“可

知，兒童天生并不比成年人更有想象力，人成年后也更有想象力，成年人不僅保持了這種能力，而且有時

在想象力思維方面超過了兒童，可得出成年人的想象力可能會隨著年齡的增長而保持不變。故選D項。

25.推理判斷題。由第三段中"Whenweuseimaginationtoenvisionfaralternatives—toinnovateor

invent—we'renotdiggingintoaninbornappreciationoftheextraordinary;we'reusingatool

designedtoexploretheordinary.Whenconsideringalternativestoreality,wefixourattentionon

possibilitiesthatarephysicallyreasonable,statisticallyprobable,sociallyconventionalandmorally

permissible.Whentoldaboutpossibilitiesthatviolatesuchregularities,weusuallydenytheycouldhappen.

Generallyspeaking,ourideasaboutwhatcouldhappenarefirmlyrootedinwhatweexpecttohappen.（當(dāng)

我們用想象力來設(shè)想創(chuàng)新或發(fā)明的遙遠替代方案時，我們并不是在挖掘與生俱來的非凡鑒賞力；我們正在

使用一種旨在探索普通事物的工具。在考慮現(xiàn)實的替代方案時，我們將注意力集中在物理上合理、統(tǒng)計上

可能、社會傳統(tǒng)和道德上允許的可能性上。當(dāng)被告知違反這種規(guī)律的可能性時，我們通常否認它們可能發(fā)

生。一般來說，我們對可能發(fā)生的事情的想法深深植根于我們所期望的事情）”可得出，某些實際問題會

限制想象力。故選B項。

26.細節(jié)理解題。由第四段中“Fromthis,wecanconcludethatchildren'searliestintuitions（直覺力）

aboutpossibilityconfusewhatcouldhappenwithwhatshouldhappen.（由此，我們可以得出結(jié)論，孩子們

最早對可能性的直覺混淆了可能發(fā)生的事情和應(yīng)該發(fā)生的事情）”可知，2018年的研究表明，兒童把應(yīng)該

發(fā)生的事情視為可能。故選C項。

27.詞句猜測題。由最后一段中“Butthesereasonswereempirical（經(jīng)驗主義的），notlogical.Imagination,

onitsown,lumpstheimprobablewiththeimpossible,butwecancombineimaginationwithotherabilities

—namely,knowledgeandreflection—toseparatethetwo.（但這些原因都是經(jīng)驗的，而非邏輯的。想象力

本身就lumps不大可能（還有機會實現(xiàn)）和大不可能（絕無可能實現(xiàn)），但我們可以把想象力與其他能力

——即知識和反思——結(jié)合起來，把兩者分開）”可知，but后講人們可以通過將想象力與其他能力，即知

識和反思相結(jié)合，將不大可能（還有機會實現(xiàn)）和大不可能（絕無可能實現(xiàn)）分開，說明想象力本身會將

不大可能（還有機會實現(xiàn)）和大不可能（絕無可能實現(xiàn)）混為一談，劃線詞lumps意為“混合”。故選A

項。

D

Neuroscientistsusuallyinvestigateonebrainatatime.Theyobservehowneurons（神經(jīng)元）fireasaperson

readscertainwords,forexample,orplaysavideogame.Associalanimals,however,thosesamescientistsdo

muchoftheirworktogether-brainstorminghypotheses,puzzlingoverproblemsandfine-tuningexperimental

designs.Increasingly,researchersarebringingthatrealityintohowtheystudybrains.

Collectiveneuroscience,assomepractitionerscallit,isarapidlygrowingfieldofresearch.Anearly,

consistentfindingisthatwhenpeopleconverseorshareanexperience,theirbrainwavessynchronize.Neuronsin

correspondinglocationsofthedifferentbrainsfireatthesametime,creatingmatchingpatterns,likedancers

movingtogether.Theexperienceof“beingonthesamewavelength^^asanotherpersonisreal,anditisvisiblein

theactivityofthebrain.

Suchworkisbeginningtorevealnewlevelsofrichnessandcomplexityinsociability.Inclassroomswhere

studentsareengagedwiththeteacher,forexample,theirpatternsofbrainprocessingbegintosynchronizewith

thatteacher's——andgreatersynchronymaymeanbetterlearning.Couplesexhibithigherdegreesofbrain

synchronythannon-romanticpairs,asdoclosefriendscomparedwithmoredistantacquaintances.

Butmuchaboutthephenomenonremainsmysterious-evenscientistsoccasionallyusetheword"magic”

whentalkingaboutit.Onestraightforwardexplanationcouldbethatsynchronybetweenbrainsisaresultof

sharedexperienceorsimplyasignthatwearehearingorseeing