統(tǒng)型應(yīng)急電源應(yīng)急控制系統(tǒng)- BUS ELECTRICAL

統(tǒng)型應(yīng)急電源應(yīng)急控制系統(tǒng)ZHENGZHOURAILWAYVOCATIONAL&TECHNICALCOLLEGE客車電氣裝置/BUSELECTRICALINSTALLATIONSpeaker主講人Zhangjia張嘉應(yīng)急控制回路為一轉(zhuǎn)換電路，它由應(yīng)急控制電路、電池過放電保護電路和電池過充電保護電路三部分組成。Theemergencycontrolcircuitisaswitchingcircuitcomposedofthreeparts:theemergencycontrolcircuit,thebatteryover-dischargeprotectioncircuitandthebatteryoverchargeprotectioncircuit.統(tǒng)型應(yīng)急電源應(yīng)急控制系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)型應(yīng)急電源應(yīng)急控制系統(tǒng)①②③④整流器正常工作時，由應(yīng)急電源輸出的DC48V電壓供給所有直流負載（包括應(yīng)急負載），并切斷電池向應(yīng)急負載供電。Whentherectifierisinnormaloperation,theDC48VvoltageoutputfromtheemergencypowersupplyissuppliedtoallDCloads(includingemergencyloads)andcutsoffthebatterypowersupplytotheemergencyloads.整流器突然斷電時，轉(zhuǎn)換電路自動恢復電池向應(yīng)急負載供電；Whentherectifiersuddenlylosespower,theconversioncircuitautomaticallyrestoresbatterypowertotheemergencyload;當電池電壓下降到42±1V時自動切斷向外供電，防止電池過放電；Automaticallycutsoffthepowersupplytotheoutsidewhenthebatteryvoltagedropsto42±1V,preventingthebatteryfromover-discharging;當電池電壓高達64±1V亦切斷向外供電，保護用電器；Whenthebatteryvoltageisashighas64±1V,italsocutsoffthepowersupplytotheoutsidetoprotecttheelectricalappliances；2.作用Function⑤控制電路故障時，通過對接觸器KM1繞組供電進行強迫合閘，以實現(xiàn)上述目的。Intheeventofacontrolcircuitfailure,forcedclosingisperformedbysupplyingpowertothecontactorKM1windingfortheabovepurpose.整流器如圖2-4a所示Asshowninthediagram整流器輸出的48V直流電源可向①一般直流負載、②應(yīng)急負載及③控制箱面板上的正常指示燈供電。Therectifieroutputsa48VDCpowersupplytoprovidepowertothegeneralDCload,emergencyloadandnormalindicatorlightsonthecontrolpanel.其中：Amongthem:一般直流負載整流器①向一般直流負載供電的通路為整流器插座CZ2的7-10熔斷器RD7接線端子排JX1的11號接線端子接線端子排JX1的7號接線端子整流器插座CZ2的16-18一般直流負載一般直流負載接線端子排JX1的8號接線端子ThepowersupplypathforgeneralDCloadsisasfollows:rectifiersocketCZ2's7-10→fuseRD7→terminalblockJX1's11thterminal→generalDCload→terminalblockJX1's8thterminal→terminalblockJX1's7thterminal→rectifiersocketCZ2's16-18.整流器②向應(yīng)急直流負載供電的通路為整流器插座CZ2的7-10接觸器KM2常開觸點接線端子排JX1的10號接線端子接線端子排JX1的7號接線端子整流器插座CZ2的16-18應(yīng)急負載接線端子排JX1的8號接線端子應(yīng)急直流負載熔斷器RD6ThepowersupplypathforemergencyDCloadsisasfollows:rectifiersocketCZ2's7-10→contactorKM2normallyopencontact→fuseRD6→terminalblockJX1's10thterminal→emergencyload→terminalblockJX1's8thterminal→terminalblockJX1's7thterminal→rectifiersocketCZ2's16-18.直流48V供電自動轉(zhuǎn)換當三相交流電供電正常時Whenthethree-phaseACpowersupplyisnormal整流器和充電器均正常工作，整流器有電(CZ2有電）、充電器有電（CZ1有電），設(shè)備處于正常供電狀態(tài)。正常指示燈亮。Boththerectifierandthechargerworknormallywithpowersuppliedtotherectifierandthecharger.Theequipmentisinnormalpowersupplystatewiththenormalindicatorlighton.由于接觸器KM2得電吸合，其常閉輔助觸點斷開，接觸器KM1處于斷電釋放狀態(tài)，電池向應(yīng)急負載供電的通路被切斷。AsthecontactorKM2isenergizedandclosed,itsnormallyclosedauxiliarycontactopensandthecontactorKM1isinapower-offreleasestate,cuttingoffthecircuitthatprovidespowerfromthebatterytotheemergencyload.直流48V供電自動轉(zhuǎn)換接觸器KM1線圈ThecoilofcontactorKM1一端通過接觸器KM2常閉輔助觸點接電池正極，另一端通過V31、V33接電池負極，只有V33導通，KM1才能得電吸合。ThecoilofcontactorKM1isconnectedtothepositiveterminalofthebatterythroughthenormallyclosedauxiliarycontactofcontactorKM2andtheotherendisconnectedtothenegativeterminalofthebatterythroughV31andV33.OnlywhenV33isconducting,KM1canbeenergizedandclosed.電池通過KM1主觸點及熔斷器RD6、JX1-10向應(yīng)急負載供電。ThebatterypowerstheemergencyloadthroughthemaincontactofKM1andfusesRD6andJX1-10.同時，接觸器KM1輔助常開觸點接通，發(fā)光二極管D103指示應(yīng)急工作。Atthesametime,thenormallyopenauxiliarycontactofcontactorKM1isconnectedandtheLEDD103indicatestheemergencyoperation.直流48V供電自動轉(zhuǎn)換當本車交流有電時WhentheACpowersupplyinthepassengercarisavailable:①整流器插座CZ2（7-10）輸出48V直流電，經(jīng)電阻R21、R22、二極管V22向電容器C21-22充電。TherectifiersocketCZ2outputs48VDCpower,whichchargesthecapacitorC21-22throughresistorsR21,R22anddiodeV22.②來自充電機的17.5V輔助電源通過電阻R23-24、二極管V24也向電容器C21-22充電。The17.5VauxiliarypowersupplyfromthechargerchargesthecapacitorC21-22throughresistorsR23-24anddiodeV24.直流48V供電自動轉(zhuǎn)換③整流器插座CZ2的7-10輸出48V直流電，經(jīng)電阻R21、R22、二極管V21、V28、電阻R32向電容器C24充電。The48VDCpowerfrompins7-10oftherectifiersocketCZ2chargesthecapacitorC24throughresistorsR21,R22,diodesV21,V28andresistorR32.當本車交流有電時WhentheACpowersupplyinthepassengercarisavailable:④來自充電機的17.5V輔助電源通過電阻R23-24、二極管V23、V28、R32也向電容器C24充電。The17.5VauxiliarypowersupplyfromthechargerchargesthecapacitorC24throughresistorsR23-24,diodesV23,V28andresistorR32.直流48V供電自動轉(zhuǎn)換當本車斷電時，電容器C21-22、C24分別向U3A輸入基準電壓與比較電壓，U3A輸出高電平，三極管V33導通，接觸器KM1得電吸合，電池開始放電，實現(xiàn)直流48V供電的自動轉(zhuǎn)換。WhentheACpowersupplyinthepassengercariscutoff,capacitorsC21-22andC24respectivelyprovidethereferencevoltageandcomparisonvoltagetoU3A.U3Aoutputsahighlevel,transistorV33conducts,contactorKM1isenergizedandclosed.Thebatterystartstodischarge,achievingautomatictransferfor48VDCpowersupply.

圖中，與按鈕AQ并聯(lián)的是接觸器KM1的自鎖觸點。Inthefigure,inparallelwithbuttonAQistheself-lockingcontactofcontactorKM1.B+→KM1→RD6→JX1（10）→應(yīng)急負載。①B+→KM1→RD6→D103應(yīng)急指示燈亮。②手控應(yīng)急通斷與過放保護電池能否供電取決于三極管V33的通斷，而V33的通斷除受AQ、AT控制外，還受電池過放檢測和電池電壓過高檢測電路的控制。電壓的檢測由比較器U3A和U3B完成。Whetherthebatterycansupplypowerdependsontheon/offstateoftransistorV33,whichiscontrollednotonlybyAQandATbutalsobythebatteryover-dischargedetectionandbatteryvoltageover-highdetectioncircuits.ThevoltagedetectionisperformedbycomparatorsU3AandU3B.電池正極經(jīng)AQ、AT、V26提供給控制電路，作三種用途：

ThebatterypositiveterminalisprovidedtothecontrolcircuitviaAQ,AT,andV26forthreepurposes:輔助電源auxiliarypowersupply電池過放檢測分壓信號batteryover-dischargedetectionvoltagedivisionsignal電池電壓過高分壓信號batteryvoltageover-highvoltagedivisionsignal手控應(yīng)急通斷與過放保護RP3是調(diào)整過放電（42V）電位器，RP4是調(diào)整過高點（64V）電位器。RP3isthepotentiometerforadjustingtheover-dischargepoint(42V),RP4isthepotentiometerforadjustingtheover-highpoint(64V).電池電壓正常時，可按下AQ接通應(yīng)急輸出，按下AT切斷應(yīng)急輸出。Whenthebatteryvoltageisnormal,emergencyoutputcanbeswitchedonbyAQandswitchedoffbyAT.電池電壓過高，過低保護動作后不能自動恢復供電。Aftertheprotectionactionforbatteryvoltageover-highorover-low,automaticpowersupplyrecoveryisnotpossible.123綜上所述Insummary:電池反接指示電池反接時Whenthebatteryisreverseconnected對應(yīng)急電源系統(tǒng)的損害是充電機充電熔斷器RD2熔斷，這是因為充電機中的續(xù)流二極管D109、熔斷器RD2對電池構(gòu)成短路狀態(tài)。Whenthebatteryisreverseconnected,thedamagetotheemergencypowersupplysystemisthemeltingofthechargingmachine’schargingfuseRD2.ThisisbecausethefreewheelingdiodeD109andfuseRD2inthechargingmachinecreateashortcircuitacrossthebattery.手控應(yīng)急通斷與過放保護RD2熔斷后，接在電池兩端的V36、R45、D102流過電流，電池反接指示D102點亮。AfterRD2ismelted,currentflowsthroughV36,R45andD102connectedacrossthebattery,causingthebatteryreverseconnectionindicationD102tolightup.一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)電池反接應(yīng)及時處理，電池極性糾正后，應(yīng)檢查并更換充電機的充電熔斷器。Onceabatteryreverseconnectionisdetected,