2024年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)沖刺過(guò)關(guān)專題07 閱讀理解（原卷版）

【查補(bǔ)知識(shí)漏洞·通關(guān)練】專題07閱讀理解（原卷版）（2023·山東淄博·中考真題）HaveyoueverreadAndersen’sfairytaleTheUglyDuckling(丑小鴨)?DoyouknowthathismotherlandisDenmark?ItliesinnorthernEurope.Letmetellyousomethingaboutit.YoucanfindalmostanyfastfoodinDenmark,suchashamburgersandhotdogs.Danishopen-facedsandwichesarenotonlydelicious,butalsoprettyandfun.Theyareworksofart.Tastingsomeisanexperiencethatshouldn’tbemissed.“Lego”toyswerecreatedinDenmark.Thetoysweremadeofwoodbefore.BuildingwithLegoshelpsstudentslearnaboutengineering,physicsandtechnologyinafunway.In1968,thefirstLegolandthemeparkopenedinBillund,Denmark.Today,thereareLegolandparksinCalifornia,Florida,Malaysia,Dubai,Windsor,JapanandGermany.BicyclingispopularinDenmark.NineoutoftenDaneshaveabike.Theyridetheirbikesnomatterwhattheweather.Theyaren’tjustridingbikesforfun.Theyusebikestogettowork,totaketheirkidstoplaces,andeventocarrygoods.Today,moreandmorepeoplearechoosingbikesovercars.TheyhaveasayinginDenmark:“AbicycleisaDane’sbestfriend.”Denmarkiscalledthelandoffairytales.Andersen’sanotherpopularfairytaleisTheLittleMermaid(美人魚(yú)).TheLittleMermaidstatue(雕塑)hasbeenregardedasDenmark’smostfamouslandmarksince1913.TheDanesbelievethatshebringsthemgoodluck.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inParagraph1referto?A．TheUglyDuckling. B．Denmark. C．Europe. D．Fastfood.2．AccordingtoParagraph4,wecancallDenmark“________”.A．thecountryofbikes B．thelandoffairystoriesC．thecapitalofart D．thehomeofLegos3．WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheLittleMermaidstatue?A．It’scalledfairyland. B．ItwasbuiltbyAndersen.C．Itwelcomestheshipsthere. D．Ithasbeenthereforabout110years.4．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Fairytales. B．Andersen’slife.C．SomefactsaboutDenmark. D．ThehistoryofDenmark.1.先讀問(wèn)題，弄清考查要點(diǎn)。

2.快速瀏覽全文，掌握全貌。3.細(xì)讀原文，捕捉相關(guān)信息詞。

①抓住四個(gè)“W”和一個(gè)“H”，就是邊讀邊用鉛筆做些標(biāo)記，把What(事件)，When（時(shí)間），Where（地點(diǎn)），Why（原因），How（經(jīng)過(guò)）劃出來(lái)。抓住了四個(gè)“W”和一個(gè)“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的問(wèn)題便可解決。

②抓住連接詞及起關(guān)鍵作用的副詞、代詞、介詞、插入語(yǔ)等。因?yàn)檫@些詞具有因果，讓步，遞進(jìn)，轉(zhuǎn)折，指代，列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能。這對(duì)考生分清文章層次，辨明各種關(guān)系，了解人物心理，推斷作者意圖，進(jìn)行邏輯推理等手段來(lái)分析難點(diǎn)，都具有舉足輕重的作用。

③注意領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的寓意。④根據(jù)題意，初選答案。這一步須仔細(xì)審題，領(lǐng)會(huì)測(cè)試要求，確定解題方法。對(duì)那些明顯的，有把握的題可以斷然確定，不必把其余三個(gè)答案再作推敲而浪費(fèi)時(shí)間：有些略難的題，應(yīng)再查閱短文（不是重讀一遍），迅速找出依據(jù)，予以排除。4.重讀原文，仔細(xì)斟酌核對(duì)答案。在解完最后一道題后，如果時(shí)間允許，再將原文讀一遍；用全文的主題思想統(tǒng)率各思考題，研究其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系，目的在于對(duì)所做答案進(jìn)一步審查，推出未解答的題，以便減少失誤。二、主要題型及解題技巧1.主旨大意題（Tofindoutthemainidea）其目的是考查考生對(duì)短文中心思想或作者意圖的掌握。解題技巧：①抓住主題句，鎖定文章主旨找主題句，應(yīng)先通讀全文，理解大意，充分理解主題句的意義。主題句一般具有以下特征：概括全段思想；一般位于段首、段尾或位于段中；解這種題目時(shí)，不能只憑文中的只言片語(yǔ)而斷章取義，比如涉及文章的標(biāo)題(title)、主題(mainidea)、結(jié)論(conclusion)、結(jié)局(end)等有關(guān)問(wèn)題，都需要在細(xì)讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)、背景知識(shí)、生活常識(shí)、科學(xué)專業(yè)知識(shí)進(jìn)行邏輯思維、推理、判斷，從而獲取文章中內(nèi)隱的信息。②抓住段落大意，概括中心思想③抓住主線和關(guān)鍵，歸納文章中心主旨題常見(jiàn)的命題形式：(1)Themainideaofthepassageis…….(2)Thispassageismainlyabout…….(3)Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthistextis…….(4)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?(5)What’sthetopicofthetext?典例：1.What’sthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?A.Manyparentsdon’tunderstandkids’languageintheirblogs.B.Manyparentsareworriedabouttheseyoungbloggers.C.Manyparentscan’tunderstandwhytheirkidsdon’tlikestudying.2.Whatisthepassageabout?A.Repairingoldcomputers.B.Sellingoldcomputers.C.Recyclingoldcomputers.2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題(Tolookfordetails)細(xì)節(jié)題是用來(lái)進(jìn)一步表達(dá)主題，體現(xiàn)中心思想的，往往針對(duì)短文某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)設(shè)題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題?？碱}型：1、是非題2、例證題3、年代與數(shù)字4、比較5、原因6、事實(shí)排序題7、直接信息題8、間接信息題9、綜合信息題…解題技巧：(1)細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案。(2)變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案。(3)多點(diǎn)歸納，綜合事實(shí)找答案。細(xì)節(jié)題常見(jiàn)的命題形式：Whichofthefollowing

isTrue/NotTrue?Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingismentioned?Allofthefollowingstatementsaretrueexcept…Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.Where,how,who,why,howlong等引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句要求判斷細(xì)節(jié)。典例：1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Mybrothers,mysistersandIwouldsometimesfightaboutwhichchanneltowatchwhenIwasachild.B.Thesedays,thereisonlyonechannelwitholdmovies,cookingandfishing.C.Peoplehavemanychannelstochoosefromnow.3、猜測(cè)詞義題(Toguessthemeaning)猜測(cè)詞義題主要考查考生根據(jù)上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義的能力。單詞的猜測(cè)能力是閱讀理解能力的主要組成部分，初中英語(yǔ)學(xué)科教學(xué)基本要求規(guī)定，學(xué)生能根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)詞義，并能不借助詞典讀懂含有3%左右生詞的語(yǔ)言材料。解題技巧：①通過(guò)因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義；首先找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后才能猜詞。有時(shí)文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞（如because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,therefore等）表示前因后果。Eg:Youshouldn’thaveblamehimforthat,foritwasn’thisfault.通過(guò)for引出的句子所表示的原因（那不是他的錯(cuò)），可猜出blame的詞義是責(zé)備。②通過(guò)同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞；通過(guò)同義詞猜詞，一要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，如：happyandgay,即使我們不認(rèn)識(shí)gay這個(gè)詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過(guò)程中使用的同義詞。如：ManwasknowingsomethingabouttheplanetsVenus,Mars,andJupiterwiththehelpofspaceships.此句中Venus，Mars，Jupiter均為生詞，但是只要知道planets就可以猜出這幾個(gè)詞都是屬于“行星”義域。通過(guò)反義詞猜詞，一看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如：but,while,however等；二看與not搭配的表示否定意義的詞。如：Heissohomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.根據(jù)notatall…h(huán)andsome就不難推測(cè)，homely意為不英俊，不漂亮之意。③通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義；閱讀文章時(shí)，總會(huì)遇到新詞匯，有時(shí)很難根據(jù)上下文來(lái)推測(cè)，而他們對(duì)文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用，此時(shí)，如果掌握了一些常用的合成、派生、轉(zhuǎn)化等語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，這些問(wèn)題便不難解決了。④通過(guò)定義或釋義說(shuō)明來(lái)推測(cè)詞義；Eg:Butsometimes,norainfallsforalonglongtime.Thenthereisadryperiod,ordrought.從drought所在句子的上下文我們可以得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的時(shí)期，即drought.由此可見(jiàn)drought意為“久旱”、“旱災(zāi)”，而adryperiod和drought是同義詞。這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常為：is,or,thatis,inotherwords,becalled或破折號(hào)等來(lái)表示。⑤通過(guò)描述猜測(cè)詞義；⑥用知識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜測(cè)詞義；⑦根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。常見(jiàn)命題形式如下：(1)Theword“…”inthepassageprobablymeans_________.(2)Whatdoestheword“…”mean_________.(3)Theunderlined(劃線的)wordmeans_________.(4)Theclosemeaningoftheunderlinedword“…”is_________inEnglish.(5)Theword“…”refersto_________.典例：1.Inthe2ndparagraph,theclosemeaningoftheunderlinedword“teased”is_________inEnglish.A.hitB.criticizedC.laughedat2.What’stheChinesemeaningoftheunderlinedword“fined”?A.罰款

B.給予C.獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)注意事項(xiàng)：在做詞義猜測(cè)題時(shí)注意不要脫離語(yǔ)境。有些常用詞在特定的上下文中，或?qū)I(yè)性文章中，具有特殊的或?qū)ｉT的詞義。在解這類題時(shí)，必須仔細(xì)地研讀劃線部分的上下文，有時(shí)閱讀的視線還要擴(kuò)大一些。如果離開(kāi)特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境來(lái)理解生詞意義，必然會(huì)理解錯(cuò)誤。4.推理判斷題（Toinferaconclusion)推理判斷題在閱讀測(cè)試中屬于難題。推理判斷題就是根據(jù)某個(gè)事實(shí)推斷結(jié)論。包括：數(shù)據(jù)事實(shí)推斷、常識(shí)推斷以及作者的寫(xiě)作目的、態(tài)度和傾向等的推斷解題技巧：推理判斷題分兩種，即對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推理和對(duì)主旨的推理。解決此類題要注意，一是與原文相同的細(xì)節(jié)不能選，二是文中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)的細(xì)節(jié)不能跳出文章做推斷。解題過(guò)程中只要注意上述兩點(diǎn)，再結(jié)合做細(xì)節(jié)和主旨的方法，即可以做出推理判斷題。①推理深層含義的常見(jiàn)命題形式如下：(1)Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_______.(2)Thewritersuggestthat_______.(3)Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat_______.(4)Wemayconcludefromthepassagethat_______.(5)Fromthepassage,itcanbeinferredthat_______.典例：WecanlearnthelastparagraphthatA.It’seasyformanyteenagerstogiveupbloggingontheInternet.B.It’ssafeformanyteenagerstoputtheirpersonalinformationontheInternet.C.It’spopularformanyteenagerstouseblogsontheInternet.②推理作者意圖、觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度的常見(jiàn)命題方式如下：Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthisstoryis……Inthewriter’sopinion,agoodschoolshould……Whatshouldbetherightattitudetowards“…”?Thewriter’sattitudetoward“…”is……Thewritermainlywantstotellus……例：Wespentadayinthecountrypickingwildflowers.Withthecarfullofflowersweweregoinghome.Onourwayback,mywifenoticedacupboardoutsideashop.Itwastallandnarrow.“Buyit.”Mywifesaidatonce,“We’llcarryithomeontheroofrack..I’vealwayswantedonelikethat.”WhatcouldIdo?Tenminuteslater,Iwas$20poorer,andthecupboardwastiedontheroofrack.Fromthepassage,wecanseethatinfactthehusband________thecupboard.thoughtitwasworthbuyingB.believedtheyneededtobuyC.wasgladtohaveboughtD.wouldrathernotbuy【詳解】從劃線部分我們可以看出，這位丈夫是由于妻子喜歡不得不買，由此推斷答案應(yīng)為D。<1>（2024·云南·一模）InChina,theyear2024isknownaslongnianinthetraditionalChineselunarcalendar.Overalongperiodoftime,ithasbeencalledtheYearoftheDragoninEnglish.Butactually,therearealotofdifferencesbetweentheChineselongandtheWesterndragon.TheChineselongismadeupofpartsofsomegentleanimals,suchasarabbit’seyesandanox’sears.InChinesemythology,longisabletofly.Inaddition,itcanalsospray(噴灑)waterfromitsmouthtocreaterain.However,inWesternculture,adragonbreathesfireandhasthebodyofasnakeandbigwingsofabat.What’smore,youwillfindmostoftheWesterndragonsindarkcolorsbecausetheyusuallystandforevil(邪惡).Asaresult,normallyattheendofthestories,theevildragonwillbebeatenbythesuperheroes.Whatmakessuchdifferences?Infact,theyhavesomethingtodowiththeculturaldifferences.InChineseConfucian(儒家的)ideas,kindnessandharmony(和諧)areveryimportant.Itisourdutytohelpeachotherandliveapeacefullife.Westernculture,ontheotherhand,prefersindividualheroism(個(gè)人英雄主義).Wheneversomethingterriblehappens,therewillbeasuperherowhoisbraveenoughtostandout,fightagainsttheenemyonhisown,and,ofcourse,savethewholeworld.Inrecentyears,Chinesehavetriedtotranslatelonginanotherway.Forexample,Zhejiang’sLoongAirhasalreadywrittenlongasLoong.OneofthereasonsisthatLoongsoundsthesameastheChinesecharacterlong.Besides,theletters“oo”inthewordLoonglooklikethetwobigeyesoftheanimal,whichmakesiteasiertomemorizethisword.Anyway,nomatterhowlongistranslated,thereisonethingforsure:theChineselongisdifferentfromtheWesterndragon,anditisasymbolofgoodluck.WishyouandyourfamilythebestintheYearofLoong!1．WhichofthefollowingisthepictureofaWesterndragon?A． B． C． D．2．AccordingtotheChineseConfucianideas,whatmightbethereasonforlongtospraywater?A．Tofightagainsttheevildragon. B．Tohelpthefarmersinthedryweather.C．Toshowitspowerandability. D．Tomakeitselfthesuperherointhisworld.3．WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Adragonbreathesfireandhasthebodyofabat.B．2024istheyearofLoonginthetraditionalChineselunarcalendar.C．TheWesterndragonisasymbolofgoodluck.D．Longcan’tflybecauseithasnowings.4．________makeLoongthenewtranslationoftheChinesecharacterlongaccordingtothepassage.A．Thehistoricalbackgroundandculturalmeaning B．ThehistoricalbackgroundandspellingC．Thepronunciationandspelling D．Theculturalmeaningandpronunciation5．Inwhichpartofamagazinemaywefindthispassage?A．HealthyLife. B．CreativeArt. C．AmazingAnimals. D．ColorfulCulture.<2>（2024·云南·一模）ZongQinghouwasthefounder(創(chuàng)始人)ofHangzhouWahahaGroup.Hewasbornin1945inwartimeChina.HegrewupverypoorinHangzhouandoftenwenthungry.Hisfatherwasoutofwork,andhismothersupportedthefamilyoffivechildrenasafactoryworker.“Becauseofthehardship,asachildIhadmanydreamsandhopedtomakebigmoneyformyparentsinreturn,”Zongsaidinahistorybook.Astheeldestchild,Zongleftschoolafterjuniorhightosupporthisfamilyandspentovertenyearsdoingdifferentjobs,includinghardphysicalworkatafar-awayfarm.In1978,ZongreturnedtoHangzhouandspentthenexttenyearsworkingasasalesman.“MyonlydreamatthattimewastohavemyowncompanyanddowhatIwantedtodo,andIhadbeenlookingforsuchachance,”hesaidinthehistorybook.Thechancefinallycamein1987.Zongborrowed140,000yuantostarthisowncompany,sellingicepops(冰棒)andstationery(文具)tostudentsatanearbyprimaryschool.Thecompany,whichwouldlaterbecomeWahaha,soldicepopsforacenteach.Duringhisdoor-to-doorsales,Zonglearnedthatmanychildrenwerepickyeaterssothattheycan’tgetallthenecessarynutrition(營(yíng)養(yǎng)).Thatwasabigheadacheforparents.Seeingapotentialchance,ZongworkedwithaprofessorofnutritiontoinventavitamindrinkforchildrencalledWahahaOralLiquid.Theproductbecameahugesuccesssoon.Thecompanyachievednearly100millionyuaninsalesinthethirdyearafteritwentonthemarket.Thatyear,ZongfoundedtheHangzhouWaHahaGroupafterbuyingafailingfoodfactory.6．HowmanypeoplewerethereinZong’sfamily?A．Three. B．Five. C．Seven. D．Nine.7．Theunderlinedword“picky”inparagraph4means________inChinese.A．貪嘴的 B．挑剔的 C．厭食的 D．健康的8．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Zongsucceededatlastbecauseofhisgoodluck.B．Zongworksinhisowncompanyin1980.C．WahahaOralLiquidwasn’tpopularatfirst.D．WahahaOralLiquidcanoffernecessarynutritiontochildren.9．WhichistherightorderaboutZong’slife?①ZongworksasasalesmaninHangzhou.

②Zongdiddifferentjobstosupporthisfamily.③WaHahagroupwasfounded.

④Zongboughtafallingfoodfactory.⑤Zongborrowedmoneytostarthisowncompany.

⑥Zongdreamedtomakebigmoney.A．⑥①④②③⑤ B．⑥②①⑤④③ C．⑥②①⑤③④ D．⑥①⑤④②③10．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．HangzhouWahahaGroup B．HowtoSellWahahaOralLiquidC．HowtoMakeBigMoney D．ZongQinghouandWahahaGroup<3>（2024·北京·一模）Inthepastdecade,theuseofsocialmediahasgrowninawaythatnoonecouldhaveguessed.Ithasturnedsometeenagersintocelebrities(名人)andturnedthefamousintotheinfamous,overnight.Akeyfeature(特征)ofsocialmedia,however,isitsvolatility.Trends(趨向，動(dòng)向)comeandgo,disappearingalmostasquicklyastheyappeared.ShortvideoappssuchasTikTokanditsChineseequivalent(對(duì)應(yīng)詞)Douyin,tooktheworldbystorm.TikTokwasonceranked8thonApple’sAppStore,andDouyinhadmorethan300milliondomesticmonthlyactiveusers.Whyaretheseshortvideos,whicharerarely(罕有)longerthanafewminutes,sopopular?JiangYige,Singapore-basedanalystatFengHeFundManagement,hasatheory.“Shortvideosarejustrighttofillinthelittlegapsinourbusyschedules,”hetoldCNBC．Thesevideos,apartfrombeingveryconvenient,areimportanttoteenagersbecausetheyallowthemtoexpressthemselves,accordingtoTeenVogue.LizaKoshy,auseroftheUSappMusical,whohasover2millionfollowers,said,“Thesenseofcommunitythatusersofshortvideoappsgetisanotherappealing(有吸引力的)feature.”Livestreaming(直播)isafeatureofoursocialmedialifethatnowseemsas,naturalassunrise.It’saprettyneatidea:Youcanwatchanyone,anywhere,live?However,Chinahastakenlivestreamingtoawholenewlevel.InChina,millionsofviewersmonthlywatchalivestreamingvideo.Forbesthoughtthatanumberoffactorshadledtothepopularityofthelivestreaming.Amongthemisviewers’abilitytointeractwithunknownnames.However,thequickdevelopmentofsocialmediamaybehavingsideeffectstoo.Fakenewsisoneseriousproblemitcauses.Materialssharedontheseplatformsareoftennotcheckedforaccuracy(準(zhǔn)確，精確).Themostbasiccontent(內(nèi)容)canbefalseandcanmisleadusersonewayoranother.Weusesocialmediaallthetime,whichdoesn’tmeanthatweunderstandtheinfluenceitishavingonus.Weshouldbemindfulofboththetimewespendonitanditspowerfuleffectonourminds.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“volatility”inParagraph2possiblymean?A．Beingchangeable. B．Beingvaluable.C．Beingcomfortable. D．Beinginternational.12．AccordingtoLizaKoshy,whyareshortvideoappsverypopular?A．Theyareveryconvenient.B．Theyhelppeoplekilltime.C．Theyprovideasenseofcommunity.D．Theyallowpeopletoexpressthemselves.13．Whatdoweknowaboutsocialmedia?A．Livestreamingisthemostpopularwayofoursocialmedialife.B．Peoplecan’tcommunicatewitheachotherwithoutsocialmedia.C．Thereisstillmuchroomforsocialmediatomakeimprovement.D．Takingshortvideosisthebestwayforteenagerstoexpressthemselves.14．Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusinthepassage?A．Shortvideoappswilltaketheworldbystorminthefuture.B．Socialmediacanhelpyouturnintocelebritiesveryquickly.C．Peoplecanshareanyinterestingmaterialsontheplatformswithoutchecking.D．It’swisetothinkoverboththetimeandtheeffectwhenweusesocialmedia.<4>（2024·四川南充·二模）ThefilmYOLO(YouOnlyLiveOnce)directedbyJiaLing,China’smostsuccessfulfemalefilmmakerhasbecomeahitrecently.Inthefilm,JiaplaysLeYing,ajoblesswomaninherthirtieswhostillliveswithherparentsuntiloneday,shemeetsaboxingcoach(拳擊教練),HaoKun(playedbyLeiJiayin),andlaterfindsstrengthandhopeinboxingtrainingandchangesherlife.Theactress-directorlost50kiloswhichbecameahottopicinsocialmedia.Afterwatchingthefilm,manypeoplestarttryingtoloseweight.Somepeopleplantojoingyms,butnotallofthemcansticktoexercise.Sohowdoyoumakesureyoufindagymyoulike,andmoreimportantly,onewhereyoufeelcomfortable?Toanswerthequestions,JarrodSaracco,afitness(健身)coachwith20yearsofexperienceinthefield,giveshisadvice.“Fromthemomentyouwalkin,itshouldbeabouttheenergyandtheexperience.Dotheygreetyou?Dopeopleworkingoutlooklikethey’rehavingagoodtime?”However,therearesomanygymsinChina,sochoosingtherightonemaytakeyoualittletime.Herearesometipsabouthowtochooseagoodgym.Findagymclosetoyourhome.Youcanwalktothegymtodosomesports.It’sbettertodrivelessthan15minutes.Ifyoufindagoodplacetoparkyourcar,yourchoicemayberight.Visitatyourbestworkouttime.Saturdayafternoonmaybetherighthourtocheckoutagym.Youcangoandhavealookatit.Ifitisverycrowded,tryanothergym.Checkforcleanmachines.Keepingthingscleanornotmeansthegymisgoodorbad.Aprofessionalstaffmembershouldalsobewiping(擦拭)downmachinesintheday.Whileyouarevisiting,watchtoseewhetherthere’sastrictruleofwipingdowneverythingafteruse.Ifnot,tryanothergym.15．Whichofthefollowingisrightaccordingtothepassage?A．Inthemovie,LeYingmetHaoKuninthegymwheresheworked.B．ItbecameahottopicinsocialmediathatJiaLinglost50fans.C．ThefilmYOLOwasdirectedbyChina’smostsuccessfulmalefilmmaker.D．Itmeansmoretopeopletofeelcomfortableinagym.16．If__________,thegymisagoodchoice.A．ittakeslessthan15minutestowalkthereB．manypeopleworkoutthereandtheyseemtoenjoythemselvesC．thecoachesthereareenergetic,experiencedandgood-lookingD．themachinestherearealwayscleanedwell17．Howmanypiecesofadviceonthetopicdoesthewriteroffer?A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．None.18．Whichisthestructureofthepassage?A．①②/③/④⑤⑥⑦ B．①/②③④/⑤⑥⑦C．①/②③/④⑤⑥⑦ D．①②③/④⑤⑥/⑦19．Whatisthebesttitleofthearticle?A．YOLO—AGreatMovie! B．Let’sGoToGyms!C．CheckforCleanMachines! D．StickToExercise!<5>（2024·北京房山·一模）Canyouseetheglassashalffull,ratherthanhalfempty?Areyoualwayslookingonthebrightsideoflife?Ifso,youmightbeanoptimist.Anoptimistissomeonewhoishopefulaboutthefutureandtendstoexpectthatgoodthingswillhappen.Anumberofstudieshaveshownthatoptimistsenjoyhigherlevelsofhappiness,bettersleep,lowerstressandevenbettercardiovascular(心血管的)healthandimmune(免疫的)function.Andnow,astudyconnectsbeinganoptimistwithalongerlife.Researchersfollowedthelifespan(壽命)ofsome160,000womenaged50to79for26years.Theyweredividedintotwogroupsbycompletingaself-reportmeasureofoptimism.Womenwiththehighestscoreswereconsideredoptimists.Thosewiththelowestscoreswereconsideredpessimists.Then,theresearchersfollowedupwiththestudy.Theyfoundthatthosewhohadthehighestlevelsofoptimismweremorelikelytolivelonger.Sowhyisitthatoptimistslivelonger?Onepossiblereasonisthatitcouldberelatedwiththeirhealthierlifestyles.Forexample,researchfromseveralstudieshasfoundthatoptimismisrelatedwitheatingahealthydiet,stayingphysicallyactiveandbeinglesslikelytosmokecigarettes.Thesehealthybehaviorsarewellknowntoimprovehearthealthandreducetheriskforcardiovasculardisease.Acceptingahealthylifestyleisalsoimportantforreducingtheriskofotherpotentiallydeadlydiseases,suchascancer.Anotherpossiblereasoncouldbethewayoptimistsmanagestress.Whenfacedwithastressfulsituation,optimistswillreducestresslevelsandboostthepowertotakesteps.Theyusemethodstosolvethesourceofthestress,orlookatthesituationinalessstressfulway.Forexample,optimistswillplanwaystodealwiththematter,callonothersforsupportortrytofindhopeinthestressfulsituation.Inshort,thewaysoptimistsdealwithstressmighthelpprotectthemsomewhatagainstitsharmfuleffects.Bethepersonwholooksattheglasshalffull.Appreciatethelittlethingsinyourlifeandfaceyourproblemswithasmileandatake-chargeattitude.Optimismisthebesttoolwhenitcomestochangingyouroutlookonlife.20．Accordingtothepassage,whoisprobablyanoptimist?A．Tomisupsetonrainyorsnowydays.B．Lucyisunwillingtoaskothersforsupport.C．ChriskeepsvolunteeringattheNursingHome.D．Marrybelievesshecansolvetheproblemshemeets.21．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Peoplewhoseehalf-emptyglassaremorehopeful.B．Healthylifestylewillhelptreatcardiovasculardisease.C．Optimismisrelatedwithbeinglikelytosmokecigarettes.D．Optimistsmayenjoylongerlifespanthanthelessoptimisticones.22．Theword“boost”inParagraph5isclosestinmeaningto“________”.A．share B．increase C．lose D．limit23．Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Tocallonpeopletobeoptimistictowardslife.B．Togivesuggestionsonhowtodealwithstress.C．Toshowtheresultsofastudyonhealthylifestyles.D．Totelltheeffectsofbeingoptimisticamongwomen.<6>（2024·山東·一模）Confucianism(儒家思想),thewayoflifedevelopedbyConfucius,hasbeenfollowedbyChinesepeopleformorethantwothousandyears.FiveConstants(五常)——ren,yi,li,zhi,xin——ispartofConfucianismandtheyhelppeopleunderstandhowtobehavetowardsothers.Theyaregeneralvirtues(美德)aroundtheworld.Themostimportanttwoarerenandli.Renisthefeelingofcareandloveweshouldhaveforothers.Confuciusexplainedrencouldbestbeunderstoodaslovingothers.Heisfamousforteachingpeople“Whatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdotoothers”.ItisquitesimilartowhatisknownintheWestastheGoldenRule(treatothersasyouwishtobetreated).Whilethemeaningofreniseasytounderstand,liisalittlehardertoexpress.Itcanbethoughtofasdutyorevenrespect.Generally,liisthewayweshouldconnectwithpeopleinoureverydaylife.InConfucianwritings,discussionsaboutliincludetheproperwaytodrinkteaandhowtorememberancestors(祖先).Whilerenismostlyaboutouropinionsandfeelings,liisabouthowweexpressouropinionsandfeelingstowardsothersandtowardstheworldaroundus.AlthoughXiaoisn’toneofFiveConstants,it’sthebasicConfucianvirtue.Xiaomeansloving,respecting,obeyingandtakingcareofone’sparentsintheiroldage.InConfucianism,xiaoisimportantforaharmonious(和諧的)society:Withoutit,thewholeworldwouldfallintoamess.24．WhicharethemostimportantoftheFiveConstants?A．Renandyi. B．Renandli. C．Liandxin. D．Yiandzhi.25．WhatisthebestChinesefortheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3?A．博學(xué)于文，約之以禮。 B．學(xué)而不思則罔，思而不學(xué)則殆。C．己所不欲，勿施于人。 D．君子和而不同，小人同而不和。26．Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofli?A．Buildingapeacefulsociety. B．Takingcareofone’schildren.C．Learningallthroughone’slife. D．Obeyingrulesfordrinkingtea.27．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Fiveconstantsmainlyteachushowtoloveourselves.B．TheGoldenRuleinthewesthasalotincommonwithRen.C．Renisaboutthewayweshowourfeelingsandopinions.D．Themeaningofxiaoisrespectingourharmonioussociety.28．WhatdoesthepassagemainlytellusaboutConfucianism?A．Itsgeneralvirtues. B．Itslonghistory.C．Itsnewchallenges. D．Itsgoldenrules.<7>（2024·福建福州·二模）Areyouaprocrastinator(拖延者)?Areyouputtingoffgoingtothegym?Haveyouseldomcleanedyourroomsintime?Areyouwaitingjustonemoredaytostudyforthattest?Procrastinationisputtingofftolaterwhatyouknowyoushouldbedoingnow.Butallthosetasksyoupushtotomorrowcanmaketheirwayintoyourmind.Andthatcouldharmyourhealth.Inonestudy,scientistsconnectedprocrastinationtomanyproblems.Theseincludeddepression(沮喪),nervousnessandevenarmpain.“IwassurprisedwhenIsawthatone,”saysFredJohansson.Thepsychologist(心理學(xué)家)andhisteamreportedtheresultsinanewspaper.Thestudyisoneofthelargestsofartodealwithprocrastination’stiestohealth.Foryears,scientistsdidn’tseemtoviewprocrastinationassomethingserious.Thisnewstudycouldchangethat.Thestudyfollowedabout2,500studentsoverninemonths.Theyfoundthatprocrastinatorsperformworseovertimethanthosewhodidthingswithoutdelay(延遲).Forinstance,theyweremoreworried,depressedandsleep-deprived(睡眠不足的).Fromthistypeofstudy,theteamcan’tsayforsurethatputtingthingsoffcausespoorhealth.Butresultsfromotherresearchteamsseemtopointinthesamedirection.One2021studytiedprocrastinatingatbedtimetodepression.Anda2015studyconnectedprocrastinatingtopoorhearthealth.AccordingtoFuschiaSirois,ascientistatDurhamUniversityinEngland,theharmfuleffectsofprocrastinationcouldbuildupovertime.Procrastinationalonemaynotcausedisease,howeveritcouldbe“onefactorthatcantipthescales(扭轉(zhuǎn)局勢(shì)).”29．Howdidthewriterleadtothetopic?A．Bycomparingfacts. B．Bytellingstories.C．Byaskingquestions. D．Bygivingexamples.30．Theunderlinedword“These”inParagraph2refersto________.A．procrastinators B．tasks C．scientists D．problems31．HowmanystudentstookpartinthestudyofFredJohansson?A．2500. B．2015. C．2000. D．1500.32．Whatisthesameconclusionofstudiesin2021and2015?A．Delayingmakespoorhearthealth.B．Procrastinationisakindofdisease.C．Delayingatbedtimemakesdepression.D．Procrastinationleadstomanyproblems.33．Whatisthewriter’spurposeinwritingthistext?A．Tomakethereadersknowabouttheprocrastinators.B．Toadvisethereaderstokeepawayfromprocrastination.C．Totellaboutthedifferentresultofstudies.D．Toshowthereasonsforprocrastination.<8>（2024·湖北武漢·二模）Life’sgreatestlessonforGrannyHucanbefoundinacupofthegreenteashehasgrownandspentmostofherlife:thebittercomesbeforethesweet,andshehasknownboth.Shewasgoodatgrowingthingsfromatleastage14.Shelovedthesoilandworkedinhergardensuntilshewas113.“Mygrandmaisquick-wittedandhard-working.Shewasbetteratplantingcropsthanothers,sointheyearswhentherewereshortagesoffoodshewasabletosupportthefamily,”hisgrandsonsaid.GrannyHuistheoldestpersoninhervillageandsh