河南省許平汝名校聯(lián)考2024-2025學年高三上學期12月月考英語試題 含解析

高三英語考生注意：1.本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分。滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。2.答題前，考生務(wù)必用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆將密封線內(nèi)項目填寫清楚。3.考生作答時，請將答案答在答題卡上。選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑；非選擇題請用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆在答題卡上各題的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效，在試題卷、草稿紙上作答無效。4.本卷命題范圍：高考范圍。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whichdoordoesthewomanwanttohavewidened?A.Theonetotheoutside.B.Theoneintothediningroom.C.Theoneintothefamilyroom.2.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Sisterandbrother.B.Husbandandwife.C.Motherandson.3.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Onahill.B.Onaroad.C.Onaplane.4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Ahouse.B.Asound.C.Acomputer.5.Whatdoesthewomanlikeaboutthedress?A.Itscolor.B.Itsquality.C.Itssize.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.ForwhatdidthemanbuyCoca-Cola?A.Cleaningthebathroom.B.Wateringplants.C.Drinking.7.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman’sideaaboutcleaningthedishes?A.Excellent.B.Satisfying.C.Unbelievable.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.HowwillthewomangotoLaura’sbirthdayparty?A.Bytaxi.B.Bybus.C.Bycar.9.Whatdidthewomandoyesterday?A.Sheappliedforajob.B.ShegaveLauraapresent.C.Shehadherhaircut.10.Whywillthespeakersgotothebirthdaypartyfirst?A.Toseesomeprograms.B.Towaitfortheirfriends.C.TohelpLaurawiththeparty.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whichbrandofphonedidthemanjustbuy?A.Huawei.B.Apple.C.Lenovo.12.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutAppleproducts?A.Theyarethesmartest.B.Theyareeasytouse.C.Theyaredesignedsimply.13.Whatisprobablytheman?A.Anengineer.B.Astudent.C.Ascientist.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatdidthespeakersplantodotonight?A.Watchamovie.B.VisittheSwifts.C.Meetwiththeboss.15.Whenshouldthewomanreachtheairport?A.By8:00pm.B.By7:00pm.C.By6:00pm.16.Howdoesthewomansoundattheman’srequestatffirst?A.Annoyed.B.Excited.C.Pleased.17.Whatdayisittodayprobably?A.Tuesday.B.Monday.C.Friday.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whichcitywillprobablygettheheaviestrainduringthenextcycleofrain?A.Guangzhou.B.Shanghai.C.HongKong.19.Howlongwilltheweatherpatternprobablylast?A.Aroundaweek.B.Overonemonth.C.Aboutthreemonths.20.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Broadcastingaforecast.B.Touringacity.C.Chairingameeting.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AVolunteeringontheStanfordEducationalFarmSponsoredbyO’DonohueFamilyStanfordEducationalFarmRegularvolunteerhours:Wednesdays:9:00am-12:00pmSaturdays:9:30am-11:30amO’DonohueEducationalFarm:175ElectioneerRd,Stanford,CA94305Visittheeventwebsite:https:///volunteeringVolunteershelpkeepthefarmrunning.Volunteertasksvaryfromweektoweek.Farmtasksmayincludekeepingourfieldsfreeofweedsandrocks,plantingnewcropsinturn,deadheadingflowers,teaminguponirrigation(灌溉),composting(堆肥)andhavingagreattimegettingdirty.Weaskvolunteerscomepreparedwithclose-toedshoesandlooseclothesandthattheydon’tmindgettingdirty!Wehaveglovesandtoolsforall.Wewelcomevolunteers10yearsoldandolder.Thosebetween10and14yearsoldarerequiredtohaveaparentactivelyvolunteeringbesidethem.Wereservetherighttocancelvolunteersessionsuptotwohoursinadvance.Excessive(過度的)heat(90degreesandabove),poorairquality,rain(over50%chance)orotherbadweatherwillcauseautomaticcancelation.Weencourageallvolunteerstocarpool,bikeorridepublictransportation;thereisachargeforparkingonallStanfordproperty.Thefarmisnotresponsibleforanyticketscausedwhilevolunteering.Ifyouareanindividualoragroupof5orless,pleasejoinusduringourregularvolunteerhours,butyouhavetoregisteraheadoftime.Wecan’twaitforyoutojoinus!1.Whatarethevolunteersexpectedtodo?A.Helponthefarmforatleasttwodays. B.Takeondifferentjobsindifferentweeks.C.Bringtheirowntoolsandgloves. D.Weardirtyshoesandtightclothes.2.Whatisprobablytheloweragelimitforvolunteersonthefarm?A.5. B.10. C.12. D.14.3.Whatisthesuggestionforthevolunteers?A.Avoidingdrivingalonetothefarm. B.Participatingintheformofagroup.C.Workingeveninbadweather. D.Visitingthewebsite5daysearlier.【答案】1.B2.B3.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一個在斯坦福教育農(nóng)場的志愿活動的相關(guān)信息?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Volunteertasksvaryfromweektoweek.Farmtasksmayincludekeepingourfieldsfreeofweedsandrocks,plantingnewcropsinturn,deadheadingflowers,teaminguponirrigation,compostingandhavingagreattimegettingdirty.(志愿者的任務(wù)每周都不一樣。農(nóng)場的任務(wù)可能包括保持田地里沒有雜草和巖石，輪流種植新作物，枯萎的花朵，合作灌溉，堆肥和享受骯臟的時光。)”可知，志愿者每周做的事情不同。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Wewelcomevolunteers10yearsoldandolder.Thosebetween10and14yearsoldarerequiredtohaveaparentactivelyvolunteeringbesidethem.(我們歡迎10歲及以上的志愿者。10歲至14歲的孩子必須有一位家長積極陪伴)”可知，志愿者的最低年齡可能是10歲。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Weencourageallvolunteerstocarpool,bikeorridepublictransportation;thereisachargeforparkingonallStanfordproperty.(我們鼓勵所有志愿者拼車、騎自行車或乘坐公共交通工具；在斯坦福大學的所有財產(chǎn)上停車都要收費?！笨芍?，志愿者要避免獨自開車。故選A項。BLe’AnnSolmonson,aprofessionalcounselor(顧問)inNacogdoches,Texas,hasseenfamiliesfallintoapatternaschildrenreachadolescence(青春期):Theyouthwantmoreautonomyandbegintopushagainsttheirparents’rules.Inresponse,theparentstightentheircontrolorgivepunishment,onlytohavetheadolescentpushbackharderandbreakmorerules.Thusconflictshappen.“Adolescents’goalistofigureout‘WhoamI?WheredoIfitin?’andbeginthatseparationfromtheirparents.Someofthatdevelopmentleadstotryingoutnewthings,”saysSolmonson.“Thesearenaturalthingsthatcanfueldisagreements.”Incounseling,Solmonsonoftenasksateenandhisorherparentstonameasmallconflicttheystrugglewith.Sheinvitestheteentoexplainhisorherviewsaboutthedisagreement.Then,sheencouragestheparentstogivetheirviewsandrepeatwhattheirchildsaid.Usually,theparentsimmediatelyjumptowhytheteen’stakeiswrong.Ifthishappens,Solmonsonwillremindthemthatshewantstohearwhattheythinkoftheirchild’sviewis,notwhetherit’srightorwrong.Shealsogivestheadolescentthesameassignment:Paraphrase(轉(zhuǎn)述)yourparents’positionwithoutgivinganopiniononwhatwassaid.Theaim,sheexplains,istodevelopunderstandingtowardtheotherparty’sviewpoint.Parentsoftenneedtoworkonhowtheyrespondttotheirteenwhenwhattheyseeasamistakeoccurs.Cooperatingwiththeteentofindoutwhatledtothesituationandwhattheyneedtosolveitwillpreventthemfurtheringtheconflict,Solmonsonstresses.Insteadofrespondinginanger,shecoachesparentstousesupportivestatementslike“Thatmusthavebeensostressful.Howcanwepreventthathappeningagain?”Moreover,Solmonsonoftenstressesthatifparentswantrespectduringdisagreementswiththeirchild,they’llneedtoshowitthemselves.Ifateenanswersdisrespectfully,Solmonsoncoachesparentstorespondbysaying,“I’mgoingtogiveyouado-over.Doyouneedaminutetothinkabouthowtosaythat?”ratherthanblowingupinanger.4.Whatdochildrenexpecttodowhenturningadolescents?A.Becomemoreindependent. B.Controltheiranger.C.Preventparent-childconflicts. D.Setnewboundaries.5.Whatisparents’commonresponsetoSolmonson’squestionincounseling?A.Summarizingtheirexperience. B.Pointingoutthechild’srisk-takingbehaviors.C.Explainingthewrongnessofthechild’sviews. D.Offeringtheiropinionsaboutdisagreements.6.WhatisSolmonson’sadviceforparentswhentheirteenmakesamistake?A.Dealwithitontheirown. B.Giveimmediatepunishment.C.Ignoreitwithoutdiscussion. D.Worktogetherforitscause.7.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Itisnecessaryforparentstoblowupangrily. B.Teensoftendisrespecttheirparents.C.Parentsshouldmodelrespectfortheirteens. D.Disagreementsarehardtosolve.【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。當小孩進人青春期時，容易與父母產(chǎn)生沖突。一位專業(yè)咨詢師對此提出了一些建議。【4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Theyouthwantmoreautonomyandbegintopushagainsttheirparents’rules.(年輕人想要更多的自主權(quán)，開始反抗父母的規(guī)定。)”和第二段““Adolescents’goalistofigureout‘WhoamI?WheredoIfitin?’andbeginthatseparationfromtheirparents.Someofthatdevelopmentleadstotryingoutnewthings,”saysSolmonson.(“青少年的目標是弄清楚‘我是誰？我的位置在哪里？并開始與父母分離。其中一些發(fā)展導致嘗試新事物，”索爾蒙森說。)”可知，當孩子們進入青春期時，他們想要更多自由,期望變得更加獨立。故選A。【5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Usually,theparentsimmediatelyjumptowhytheteen’stakeiswrong.(通常，父母會立即跳到為什么孩子的想法是錯誤的。)”可知，在咨詢中，當Solmonson讓父母表達他們對父母和孩子之間的分歧的想法時，父母常見的反應(yīng)是解釋孩子觀點的錯誤。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Cooperatingwiththeteentofindoutwhatledtothesituationandwhattheyneedtosolveitwillpreventthemfurtheringtheconflict,Solmonsonstresses.(Solmonson強調(diào)，與青少年合作，找出導致這種情況的原因，以及他們需要什么來解決問題，這將防止他們進一步激化沖突。)”可推斷，當孩子犯錯誤時，Solmonson建議父母與孩子一起找出問題的原因。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Moreover,Solmonsonoftenstressesthatifparentswantrespectduringdisagreementswiththeirchild,they’llneedtoshowitthemselves.(此外，Solmonson經(jīng)常強調(diào)，如果父母希望在與孩子發(fā)生分歧時得到尊重，他們需要自己把尊重展現(xiàn)出來。)”可推斷，在父母和孩子們之間產(chǎn)生分歧時，父母應(yīng)該給孩子示范如何尊重人，從而成為樹立尊重青少年的榜樣。故選C。CThinkofatypicalcollegephysicscourse:notetaking,homeworkstrugglesandstudyingfordifficultexams.Nowimagineaccesstoatutor(導師)whoanswersquestionsatanyhour,nevertiresandneverjudges.Mightyoulearnmore?TheAI-supportedtutorissurprisinglymoreeffective.That’stheunexpectedconclusionfromaHarvardstudyexamininglearningoutcomesforstudentsinalargephysicscourse.ThestudywasledbylecturerGregoryKestinandKellyMiller,whoanalyzedlearningoutcomesof194studentsregisteredinfall2023inKestin’sPhysicalSciences2course.Beforethestudy,theteamcreatedinstructionsfortheAItutortofollowforeachlessonsoit’dbehavelikeanexperiencedinstructor.Thestudentsweredividedintotwogroups,eachofwhomexperiencedtwolessonsincontinualweeks.Duringthefirstweek,Group1participatedinaninstructor-guidedactivelearningclassroomlesson,whileGroup2engagedwithanAI-supportedlessonathomethatfollowedaresearch-informeddesign;conditionswerechangedoppositelythefollowingweek.“WewentintothestudycuriousaboutwhetherourAItutorcouldbeaseffectiveasin-personinstructors,”Kestinsaid.“Icertainlydidn’texpectstudentstofindtheAI-poweredlessonmoreengaging.Butthat’sexactlywhathappened:NotonlydidtheAItutorseemtohelpstudentslearnmorematerials,thestudentsalsoself-reportedmoreengagementwhenworkingwithAI.”TheresearchersfoundthatlearninggainsforstudentsintheAI-tutoredgroupwereaboutdoublethoseforstudentsinthein-classgroup.Theresearchersbelievestudents’abilitytogetpersonalizedfeedback(反饋)andselfpacewiththeAItutorareadvantages.“Invariousin-classsettings,studentswithastrongbackgroundinthematerialmaybelessengaged,andthey’resometimesbored,”Millersaid.“Studentswithoutthebackgroundsometimesstruggletokeepup.SothefactthatthisAItutorcanbesupportiveofthatdifferenceisprobablythebiggestthing.”“However,AIcouldalsohurtlearningifwe’renotcareful,”Kestinsaid.“AItutorsshouldn’t‘think’forstudents,butratherhelpthembuildcriticalthinkingskills.AItutorsshouldn’treplacein-personinstruction,buthelpallstudentsbetterprepareforit.”8.Whatweretheparticipantsrequiredtodointhestudy?A.Makeachoicebetweentwocourses. B.InstructtheAItutorinlearningskills.C.Reporttheirpartners’feelings. D.Studywithdifferenttutorsinturn.9.WhatdidKestinmostprobablythinkoftheirfindings?A.Valueless. B.Doubtful. C.Confusing. D.Surprising.10.Whatmightprobablyleadtostudents’lessengagementinclassaccordingtothetext?A.Inexperiencedin-classinstructors. B.Knowingthematerialswellinadvance.C.FeelingboredwithAI’squestions. D.Theirstruggleswiththeteacher.11.WhatcanwelearnfromwhatKestinsaid?A.ThereexiststhepotentialmisuseofAI. B.ResearchersaremorepositiveaboutAI.C.AItutorsshoulddevelopcriticalthinking. D.In-personinstructionbenefitsstudentsmore.【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要通過介紹哈佛大學的一項研究，探討了人工智能導師在物理課程教學中的效果和優(yōu)勢，同時也指出了潛在的注意事項。【8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thestudentsweredividedintotwogroups,eachofwhomexperiencedtwolessonsincontinualweeks.Duringthefirstweek,Group1participatedinaninstructor-guidedactivelearningclassroomlesson,whileGroup2engagedwithanAI-supportedlessonathomethatfollowedaresearch-informeddesign;conditionswerechangedoppositelythefollowingweek.(學生們被分為兩組，每組連續(xù)兩周上兩堂課。在第一周，第一組參與了由講師指導的主動學習課堂，而第二組則在家中參與了遵循研究設(shè)計的人工智能支持的課程；第二周的情況則相反。)”可知，學生們被要求輪流體驗兩種不同的教學方式，即輪流與不同的導師（人類講師和AI導師）學習。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“That’stheunexpectedconclusionfromaHarvardstudyexamininglearningoutcomesforstudentsinalargephysicscourse.(這是哈佛大學一項研究得出的意外結(jié)論，該研究考察了一門大型物理課程中學生的學習成果。)”以及第四段““Icertainlydidn’texpectstudentstofindtheAI-poweredlessonmoreengaging.Butthat’sexactlywhathappened:NotonlydidtheAItutorseemtohelpstudentslearnmorematerials,thestudentsalsoself-reportedmoreengagementwhenworkingwithAI.”(“我當然沒想到學生會覺得人工智能授課更吸引人。但事實正是如此：AI導師不僅似乎幫助學生學習了更多材料，學生在與AI互動時也自我報告了更高的參與度?！?”可知，Kestin對他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)表示了驚訝，認為AI導師的效果超出了他的預期。故選D?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段““Invariousin-classsettings,studentswithastrongbackgroundinthematerialmaybelessengaged,andthey’resometimesbored,”Millersaid.“Studentswithoutthebackgroundsometimesstruggletokeepup.SothefactthatthisAItutorcanbesupportiveofthatdifferenceisprobablythebiggestthing.”(“在各種課堂環(huán)境中，對材料有扎實背景的學生可能參與度較低，有時甚至感到無聊，”Miller說?！岸鴽]有背景的學生有時則難以跟上。因此，這個AI導師能夠支持這種差異，可能是它最大的特點?！?”可知，提前了解材料的學生對課堂的參與度較低。故選B?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段““However,AIcouldalsohurtlearningifwe’renotcareful,”Kestinsaid.“AItutorsshouldn’t‘think’forstudents,butratherhelpthembuildcriticalthinkingskills.AItutorsshouldn’treplacein-personinstruction,buthelpallstudentsbetterprepareforit.”(“然而，如果我們不小心，AI也可能會損害學習，”Kestin說?！癆I導師不應(yīng)該‘代替’學生思考，而應(yīng)該幫助他們培養(yǎng)批判性思維能力。AI導師不應(yīng)該取代面對面授課，而應(yīng)該幫助所有學生為面對面授課做好更充分的準備?！?”可知，Kestin指出了AI在教育領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用時可能存在的風險，即如果不謹慎使用，AI可能會對學習產(chǎn)生負面影響。這暗示了存在濫用AI的潛在風險。故選A。DChildrenaretaughtthatthepolitethingtodoisalwayssay“please”.Today’sbabiesareeventaughtitusingsignlanguage.Buthowoftendoyoureallysay“please”ineverydayconversations?AnewresearchpublishedinSocialPsychologyQuarterlyfoundpeopleusedtheword“please”whenmakingarequestonly7%ofthetime.“Wedefinitelyweresurprisedbytheresults,”saysTanyaStivers,aprofessorofsociologyatUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngelesandoneoftheauthorsofthestudy.“Havingsuchalownumberfeelscounterintuitive.”Usingconversationanalysis,thestudyinvestigatedwhenandwherepeopleuse“please”ineverydayrequests.Notonlydopeopleuse“please”lessthan10%ofthetimewhenmakingrequests,buttheyalsotendtouseitmostwhentheyexpecta“no”responseisforthcoming.Mostinterestingly,requestsphrasedwith“please”arenomorelikelytoworkthanotherpoliterequests.Why?Becausetheword“please”isbeingusedasawaytoconvincetheotherpersonintoagreeingwitharequesttheymightotherwisebeunwillingtodo.Thissmalltalkcanleavethepersonbeingaskedfeelinguncomfortable.“Wefoundthatusing‘please’oftenindicatesthatyou’rerequestingsomethingyoushouldn’tbe,”Stiverssays.Accordingtothestudy,peoplearemostlikelytouse“please”whenaskingsomeonetostopdoingwhatthey’redoinganddowhattheaskerwantsinstead,orwhenmakingarequesttheythinktheotherpersonisn’tgoingtolike.“Whatpeoplearereallytryingtosaybysaying‘please’oftenisthatthey’repolitepeople,”Stiverssays.“Sometimes,itdoesn’tmeanyou’renotbeingpolitejustbecauseyou’renotsaying‘please’.There’remanyotherphrasesweusewhenmakingrequeststoshowpoliteness.”Theseincludethingslike,“Wouldyoumind...?”,“WoulditbeOK...?”and“Howabout...?”Itissofunnythatwesocializechildrentodothisthingweadultsdon’tdo,butteachingkidstosay“please”isn’tbad.Justensureyou’realsoincludingotherpolitephrases.“Ifsomeoneistryingtobemorepolite,I’drecommendaddingotherpolitephrasesfirst,beforeaddinginmore‘please’,”saysStivers.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counterintuitive”inparagraph2mean?A.Thesameasthefact. B.Contrarytocommonsense.C.Reasonabletoaccept. D.Difficulttodisagreewith.13.Whydoes“please”probablyfailtoworkaseffectivelyasexpected?A.Itmakesonefeelforced. B.Itissaidinarudemanner.C.Itleavestheaskerstressed. D.Itgivesoneasenseofmistrust.14.WhatisprobablyTanyaStivers’sopinionaboutbeingpolite?A.Itaskspeopletomakerequests. B.Itmeanssaying“please”more.C.Itoughttobedonesmartly. D.Itisaresultofsocietalchange.15.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?APolitePhrasesNowHaveGotNewMeanings.B.PolitePhrasesAreUsedMoreOfteninDailyLife.C.ManyOtherPolitePhrasesAreReplacing“Please”.D.“Please”MaySoonBecomeaThingofthePast.【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了一項關(guān)于“please”在日常請求中使用情況的研究，介紹了研究結(jié)果、原因以及專家對此的看法和建議?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測題。結(jié)合第一段中關(guān)于人們使用“please”一詞的頻率的研究數(shù)據(jù)和第二段中“Wedefinitelyweresurprisedbytheresults(我們對結(jié)果感到驚訝)”以及“Havingsuchalownumberfeelscounterintuitive.(有這么低的數(shù)字感覺是_____。)”可知，人們對“please”在日常請求中的使用頻率之低感到驚訝，這與人們的普遍預期或直覺是相反的。故劃線詞counterintuitive意為“與直覺相反的，違反常理的”，與B項Contrarytocommonsense(與常識相反)意思相近。故選B項?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Mostinterestingly,requestsphrasedwith“please”arenomorelikelytoworkthanotherpoliterequests.Why?Becausetheword‘please’isbeingusedasawaytoconvincetheotherpersonintoagreeingwitharequesttheymightotherwisebeunwillingtodo.Thissmalltalkcanleavethepersonbeingaskedfeelinguncomfortable.(最有趣的是，用“please”表達的請求并不比其他禮貌的請求更有效。為什么？因為“please”這個詞被用來說服對方同意他們可能不愿意做的請求。這種閑聊會讓被問者感到不舒服)”可知，“please”可能無法像預期那樣有效地起作用，因為它讓對方感覺被強迫。故選A項。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Sometimes,itdoesn’tmeanyou’renotbeingpolitejustbecauseyou’renotsaying‘please’.There’remanyotherphrasesweusewhenmakingrequeststoshowpoliteness.(有時候，僅僅因為你不說“please”，并不意味著你不禮貌。我們在提出請求時還會使用很多其他短語來表示禮貌)”以及“‘Ifsomeoneistryingtobemorepolite,I’drecommendaddingotherpolitephrasesfirst,beforeaddinginmore‘please’,”saysStivers.(如果有人想更有禮貌，我建議先添加其他禮貌的短語，然后再添加更多的‘please’)”可知，TanyaStivers認為禮貌不僅僅是說“please”，還可以通過其他禮貌的短語來表達，即禮貌應(yīng)該巧妙地表達。故選C項?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第一段中“AnewresearchpublishedinSocialPsychologyQuarterlyfoundpeopleusedtheword‘please’whenmakingarequestonly7%ofthetime.(《社會心理學季刊》上發(fā)表的一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們在提出請求時只有7%的時間會使用“please”這個詞)”以及全文對“please”在日常請求中使用情況的研究介紹可知，文章主要講的是“please”在日常交流中的使用頻率越來越低，可能會被其他禮貌短語所取代，故“‘Please’MaySoonBecomeaThingofthePast(‘please’可能很快就會成為過去式)”是最佳標題。故選D項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Atfirstglance(掃視),anameseemsabasicpartofone’sidentity;yetitspowerinshapingidentityisundeniable.“____16____Soitservesastheverybasisofone’sself-conception,especiallyinrelationtoothers,”saidProfessorDavidZhufromArizonaStateUniversity.Itcarriesmoreweightthanimagined,fromhowwerelatetotheworldaroundustoourpersonaldevelopment.____17____Inoneexample,thenamesElizabethandMistywerestudied.ThosecalledElizabethcameacrossaswarmandcompetent,whileMistyswereseenaslowonbothofthesetraits(特性).Suchviewpointsmayleadtoreal-worldconsequences,potentiallyaffectingeverythingfromjobapplicationstodating.Interestingly,namesmayalsoshapeourpersonalities.____18____Zhu’sresearchfoundthatCEOswithuniquenamesoftenpursuedmoredistinctivebusinessstrategies.“CEOswithauniquenametendtodevelopaself-conceptionofbeingdifferentfrompeers(同輩),motivatingthemtopursueuntraditionalstrategies,”Zhuexplained.Namesmayalsoleadtolifechoices.Peoplewithuniquenameswereviewedasbettersuitedtocreativejobs,accordingtoPsychologyToday.TheydiscoveredChinesefilmdirectorswithdistinctivenamesreceivedhigherratingsfortheirwork.Thissuggeststhatacceptingtheuniquenessofnamescouldpotentiallyunlockcreativepotential.____19____Peoplewithmorecommonnamesmayexperiencegreatersocialacceptanceandlikabilityintheshortterm.Asbothuniquenamesandcommonnameshavetheiradvantages,perhapsfindingthemiddleroadisasolutionwhennamingachild.____20____Butmeanwhile,alsocallthechildbyaspecialanduniquenickname.Anyway,yournameisyourstory—makeitagreatone!A.Namesmayinfluencehowothersviewus.B.Actually,commonnamesalsohavetheiradvantages.C.Choosingthebestnameisofimportance,accordingtoZhu.D.Peoplewithuniquenamesmightdevelopastrongersenseofindividuality.E.Anameisusedtoidentifyanindividualandcommunicatewiththeindividual.F.Zhurecommendsgivingachildamorecommonnametogetsocialacceptance.G.Whetheryournameiscommonorrare,itisanimportantpartofyouridentity.【答案】16.E17.A18.D19.B20.F【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了名字對人的身份的影響，并分享了取名的建議?！?6題詳解】前文“Atfirstglance(掃視),anameseemsabasicpartofone’sidentity;yetitspowerinshapingidentityisundeniable.(乍一看，名字似乎是一個人身份的基本組成部分；然而，它塑造身份的力量是不可否認的)”指出名字具有強大的塑造身份的力量，后文““Soitservesastheverybasisofone’sself-conception,especiallyinrelationtoothers,”saidProfessorDavidZhufromArizonaStateUniversity.(亞利桑那州立大學的DavidZhu教授說：“因此，它是一個人自我概念的基礎(chǔ)，尤其是在與他人的關(guān)系中?！?”用DavidZhu教授所說的話表明名字的作用在于奠定自我概念，強調(diào)了這在人際關(guān)系中的重要性，空處也是Zhu的觀點，應(yīng)該與名字在個人身份和與人交流的作用相關(guān)，因此E項“Anameisusedtoidentifyanindividualandcommunicatewiththeindividual.(名字用于識別個人并與個人進行交流)”符合語境，承前啟后。故選E。【17題詳解】后文“Inoneexample,thenamesElizabethandMistywerestudied.ThosecalledElizabethcameacrossaswarmandcompetent,whileMistyswereseenaslowonbothofthesetraits(特性).Suchviewpointsmayleadtoreal-worldconsequences,potentiallyaffectingeverythingfromjobapplicationstodating.(在一個例子中，Elizabeth和Misty兩個名字被研究了。那些叫Elizabeth的人給人的印象是熱情和能干，而Misty們則被認為在這兩方面都很差勁。這樣的觀點可能會導致現(xiàn)實世界的后果，潛在地影響到從求職到約會的方方面面)”給出一項研究，表明不同的名字給人不同的印象，從而影響生活的方方面面，空處位于段首，是段落主旨句，應(yīng)該會總的指出名字會影響他人對自己的看法，因此A項“Namesmayinfluencehowothersviewus.(名字可能會影響別人對我們的看法)”符合語境，契合后文內(nèi)容。故選A。【18題詳解】前文“Interestingly,namesmayalsoshapeourpersonalities.(有趣的是，名字也可能塑造我們的個性)”總的指出名字會影響人的個性，后文“Zhu’sresearchfoundthatCEOswithuniquenamesoftenpursuedmoredistinctivebusinessstrategies.(Zhu的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，擁有獨特名字的首席執(zhí)行官往往追求更獨特的商業(yè)戰(zhàn)略)”用Zhu的研究說明名字獨特的人往往行事也很獨特，空處應(yīng)起到過渡的作用，指出名字獨特和個性鮮明之間的關(guān)系，因此D項“Peoplewithuniquenamesmightdevelopastrongersenseofindividuality.(名字獨特的人可能會有更強烈的個性)”符合語境，承前啟后。故選D。【19題詳解】前文“Thissuggeststhatacceptingtheuniquenessofnamescouldpotentiallyunlockcreativepotential.(這表明，接受名字的獨特性可能會潛在地釋放創(chuàng)造力)”具體介紹名字獨特的好處，后文“Peoplewithmorecommonnamesmayexperiencegreatersocialacceptanceandlikabilityintheshortterm.(名字更普通的人可能會在短期內(nèi)獲得更大的社會認可和好感)”具體介紹名字普通的好處，空處應(yīng)該將話題轉(zhuǎn)移到名字普通上，指出其也有優(yōu)點，因此B項“Actually,commonnamesalsohavetheiradvantages.(實際上，通用名字也有其優(yōu)點)”符合語境，承前啟后。故選B?！?0題詳解】前文“Asbothuniquenamesandcommonnameshavetheiradvantages,perhapsfindingthemiddleroadisasolutionwhennamingachild.(獨特的名字和普通的名字都有各自的優(yōu)點，也許在給孩子取名時找到一條中間道路是一個解決方案)”建議取名時要采用折中的策略，后文“Butmeanwhile,alsocallthechildbyaspecialanduniquenickname.(但同時，也要給孩子起一個特殊而獨特的昵稱)”包含轉(zhuǎn)折，建議孩子有一個獨特的昵稱，空處應(yīng)該是建議名字取得普通些，因此F項“Zhurecommendsgivingachildamorecommonnametogetsocialacceptance.(Zhu建議給孩子取一個更普通的名字，以獲得社會認可)”符合語境，承接前文，和后文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折。故選F。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。I’ddrivenatleastthreelapsaroundthebuilding.Aftereachlap,Ipulledintotheparkinglotand____21____toenterthebuilding.Eachtime,justasIwasreadytostopthecar,Ilostmynerveand____22____aroundagain.Finally,Isaiditoutloud.“Ifyoudon’tgetoutofthiscarrightnow,I’llnever____23____you.”Thatdidthe____24____.Iheadedforthebuildingwhereauditions(試鏡)weregoingonforacommunity-theaterproduction.Mylovefortheatreis____25____.Asearlyasmiddleschool,Iwas____26____thatI’dbecomeafamousactress.Inhighschool,Iwontournamentsseveraltimesinaclassroomsetting.ButIbrokeoutinacold____27____atthethoughtofstandingonthestagewithlightsandcurtains.Incollege,Istillfailedtoperformonstagebecauseofmy____28____ofmakingafoolofmyselfinfrontofstrangers.Lifemovedon.I____29____mydreamofbeingonstageinfavorofmyfamily.Then,IrealizedonedayhowmuchI_____30_____thetheater.Therefore,whenIspottedtheadforauditions,Igatheredmy_____31_____.Isatquietly,waitingwithotherperformers._____32_____,itwasmyturn.Thedirectoraskedmetoreadsomelinesofanovel.I_____33_____myselfjustbyreadingthewordsonthepage,lettingmypersonalityfly.Tomy_____34_____,Iwasaccepted.It’struewhatthedirectorsaid,“You’llneverknowifyoudon’ttry._____35_____yourselfbeyondyourlimits.”21.A.decided B.afforded C.happened D.managed22.A.walked B.circled C.danced D.gathered23.A.reward B.warn C.greet D.forgive24.A.act B.position C.trick D.duty25.A.symbolic B.endless C.admirable D.abnormal26.A.sad B.proud C.certain D.worried27.A.eye B.temperature C.shoulder D.sweat28.A.fear B.memory C.way D.hope29.A.calledon B.putforward C.setaside D.reflectedon30.A.required B.deserved C.missed D.represented31A.courage B.reputation C.purpose D.capacity32.A.Happily B.Eventually C.Unquestionably D.Fortunately33.A.identified B.treasured C.criticized D.calmed34.A.amazement B.regret C.disappointment D.curiosity35.A.Educate B.Push C.Defeat D.Impress【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.C25.B26.C27.D28.A29.C30.C31.A32.B33.D34.A35.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章詳細敘述了作者因?qū)騽〉臒釔鄱钠鹩職鈪⒓釉囩R的經(jīng)歷，包括之前的猶豫、決定、等待以及最終的試鏡結(jié)果?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：每繞一圈后