高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)第3講+詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

第3講詞性轉(zhuǎn)換【技法一】提示詞為名詞時(shí),確定其正確形式的解題技巧

1.【解析】seasons?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。此處指人們學(xué)會了隨著季節(jié)的變化進(jìn)行工作。一年有四個季節(jié),應(yīng)用season的復(fù)數(shù)。2.【解析】beautiful?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。和long一起修飾后面的名詞branches,應(yīng)用形容詞。3.【解析】students’?？疾槊~所有格。此處student和后面的名詞future之間是所屬關(guān)系,應(yīng)用名詞所有格?！炯挤c(diǎn)金】1.牢記名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的幾種情況2.熟記名詞變動詞和形容詞的后綴前綴/后綴示例en-couragen.勇氣→encouragevt.鼓勵-enstrengthn.力氣→strengthenvt.加強(qiáng)-izeapologyn.道歉→apologizev.道歉-alnaturen.自然→naturaladj.自然的-yhealthn.健康→healthyadj.健康的-fulhelpn.幫助→helpfuladj.有幫助的-ousdangern.危險(xiǎn)→dangerousadj.危險(xiǎn)的-iveimpressionn.印象→impressiveadj.印象深刻的-ibleaccessn.進(jìn)入,使用權(quán),通路→accessibleadj.容易取得的【過關(guān)檢測】1.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Inthe18thand19thcenturies,_______(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.2.(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)Theyalsosharedwithusmany__________(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwerehugelypopularwithtourists.3.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Amerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall______(cause).4.(2018·浙江高考)FewpeopleIknowseemtohavemuchdesireortimetocook.MakingChinese______(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.wealthytraditionalcausesdishes5.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto__________(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.6.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Runningischeap,easyandit’salways________(energy).7.(2020·煙臺一模)Angels

at

Bathasnowgrowntoincludenine________(branch)ineightstatesaroundtheUSA.

strengthenenergeticbranches【技法2】提示詞為形容詞或副詞時(shí),確定其正確形式的解題技巧

1.【解析】extremely?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾形容詞challenging要用副詞。2.【解析】finest?？疾樾稳菰~最高級?？崭裰械脑~修飾的是work,根據(jù)后文中thebest可知應(yīng)填fine的最高級finest。3.【解析】unfortunately?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)語境可知,“沒有確鑿的證據(jù)”是件不幸的事情,應(yīng)用unfortunately?！炯挤c(diǎn)金】1.熟記形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則情況變化規(guī)則示例一般情況直接加-lybrave→bravely雙音節(jié)、多音節(jié),以-y結(jié)尾變y為i,再加-lyeasy→easily

happy→happily單音節(jié),以-y結(jié)尾直接加-lydry→dryly

shy→shyly以-le結(jié)尾去e加-ysimple→simply

gentle→gently以元音字母+-e結(jié)尾去e加-lytrue→truly以-ll結(jié)尾只加-yfull→fully

dull→dully以-ic結(jié)尾加-allybasic→basicallyscientific→scientifically2.牢記形容詞變名詞的后綴后綴示例-ageshortadj.短缺的→shortagen.不足;短缺-cyfluentadj.流利的→fluencyn.流利;流暢-domwiseadj.聰明的→wisdomn.明智;智慧-encedifferentadj.不同的→differencen.差異-nessweakadj.虛弱的→weaknessn.虛弱;弱點(diǎn)-thstrongadj.強(qiáng)壯的→strengthn.力氣,優(yōu)勢-ydifficultadj.困難的→difficultyn.困難-tysafeadj.安全的→safetyn.安全-ityresponsibleadj.負(fù)責(zé)的→responsibilityn.責(zé)任3.牢記比較等級的常見結(jié)構(gòu)(1)句中含有than,much,any,far,still,even,abit,alot等時(shí),要用比較級。(2)the+比較級...the+比較級越……越……(3)比較級+and+比較級越來越……(4)the+比較級+ofthetwo+名詞復(fù)數(shù)兩者中較……的那個(5)the+最高級+in(of,among)...在某范圍內(nèi)最……【易錯警示】理清語境,謹(jǐn)防比較混亂①Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(識別)thoseof__________(great)andlessimportance.

②(變式)Long-distanceraceiswonbytherunnerwiththe__________(great)endurance.

答案:①greater

②greatest【剖析】題①中空格處和后面的less并列,指兩種不同性質(zhì)的工作,填greater;題②中空格處暗指與所有runners(三者以上)的比較,空格前的定冠詞the也是最高級的標(biāo)志之一,所以填greatest。

【過關(guān)檢測】1.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular_______(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山),moresothanthefamiliarnearside.2.(2020?全國Ⅱ卷)_________(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.3.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Historical________(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.4.(2020?全國Ⅲ卷)Asthesmallboatmoved______(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.interestCertainlyaccuracygently5.(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)TheyalsosharedwithusmanytraditionalstoriesaboutHawaiithatwere______(huge)popularwithtourists.6.(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Hescreamsthe_______(loud)ofall.7.(2018·浙江高考)Therecouldbeaneven______(high)costonyourhealth.8.(2020·泰安模擬)LeiHaiwei,a37-year-oldfastfoodcourier,fromCentralChina’sHunanProvincewas_________(brilliant)crownedchampioninatelevisedChinesepoetryknowledgecontest,winningfansoverwithhistrueloveforancientpoems.

hugelyloudesthigherbrilliantly【技法3】提示詞為代詞時(shí),確定其正確形式的解題技巧1.【解析】them?？疾榇~?？崭袂懊媸莿釉~,空格處應(yīng)用賓格。2.【解析】themselves?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)句意“參觀者們利用計(jì)算機(jī)模擬,想象著他們自己生活在歷史上的不同時(shí)期或者行走在熱帶雨林”可知,應(yīng)用反身代詞。3.【解析】its?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格處的詞應(yīng)是plans的定語,故需填形容詞性物主代詞its。【技法點(diǎn)金】

牢記代詞的句法功能1.人稱代詞:人稱代詞的主格主要作主語;賓格作賓語或表語。2.物主代詞:形容詞性的物主代詞只能作定語;名詞性的物主代詞可作主語、賓語或表語。3.反身代詞:作賓語、表語或同位語。【易錯警示】邏輯關(guān)系不明,代詞形式錯用①SheisabighelpwhenIneedsomeonetoquiz________(I)foratestorcheckmyhomework.

②SheisabighelpwhenIneedtoquiz________(I)foratestorcheckmyhomework.

答案:①me

②myself【剖析】題①作quiz的賓語,與quiz的邏輯主語并非同一人,應(yīng)用人稱代詞的賓格me;題②也作quiz的賓語,但與quiz的主語是同一人,應(yīng)用反身代詞myself。【過關(guān)檢測】1.(2019·北京高考)Nervouslyfacingchallenges,IknowIwillwhisperto______(I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.2.(2018·浙江高考)Onecupofcoffeeinthelateafternoonoreveningwillcause_____(they)tostayawakealmostallnight.3.(2020·廈門一模)HanGan,aleadinghorsepainteroftheTangDynasty,isknownforcapturingthephysicalfeaturesoftheanimaland___(it)innerspirit.4.To___(she)credit,thoseon-courtachievements,alongwithL’sengagingpersonality,helpedspurinterestintennisathomeinChina.

myselfthemitsher【小題夯基練】用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.(2020·金華二模)Thewaywedriveintoalineoftrafficcauses_________(problem).2.(2020·寧波二模)InoticedayoungChinesecouplestaringat__(we)whenwecametoacrossroadandwerewaitingforthelighttochange.3.(2020·駐馬店模擬)“Autumn”caughtonquickly,likelybecauseitreplacedthe_______(origin)name—“harvest”.4.(2020·大連一模)Theythoughtthatthereceiverswouldfeel_____________(awkward)anduncomfortableoverthelettersthantheyactuallywere.

problemsusoriginalmoreawkward5.(2020·威海一模)Leatherisahugelypopularmaterialforarangeofproducts,butthis__________(popular)comesataprice.6.(2020·昆明三模)“Ibecamefamous________(instant)andwasgivenanickname‘UncleHanzi’,”,Searssaidwithasmile.7.(2020·煙臺一模)Soifyouarepassionateaboutsomething,sticktoitandthroughhardwork,you_____(true)canmakeyourdreamcometrue,”saysMax.8._____________(fortunate)GandhiwasshotbyanIndianwhoopposedhisviewsanddiedonJanuary30th,1948.

popularityinstantlytrulyUnfortunately【大題提能練】Ⅰ.用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

Fifteenstoreshavebeen1.___________(permanent)barredfromusingAlibaba’sonlineshoppingplatformfor2.______(sell)fake(偽劣的)orsubstandardsurgical3.______(mask)duringthepneumoniaoutbreak4.______(cause)byanovelcoronavirus(冠狀病毒),thee-commercegiantsaidonWednesday.

Fiveofthe15onlineshopsbarredbyTuesday5.________________(refer)topublicsecuritybureaus(公安局)forfurther6.___________(investigate),Alibabasaidinastatement.

permanentlysellingmaskscausedhadbeenreferredinvestigation“We’llcontinueefforts7._______(fight)peoplemakingorsellingfakegoods8.______(relate)toepidemic(流行的)preventionandcontrolonourplatformandgivethemhardpunishments,”itsaid,addingithadzerotoleranceforsuchsellers.

Thoseengaginginpricegouging(哄抬)orfalseadvertisingwouldalsobepunishedmore9._______(heavy),andthecompanysaiditwouldregularlydisclosethenamesof10.___________(problem)shopsandthepunishmentstheyreceived.tofightrelatedheavilyproblematicⅡ.綜合填空

Passage1SpaceXisplanningtosenduptofourprivatecitizensintospacetotakeatriparoundEarthsometimeattheendof2021orinearly2022.Thespaceflightcompanyannouncedan1._______(agree)withSpaceAdventures,aspacetourismbusinessthathadhelpedseven2._______(differ)privatecitizenstaketripsto(andfrom)theInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)aboardRussia’sSoyuzrocketandspacecraft.

SpaceX3.__________(spend)thelastfewyearsbuildingandtestingoutthisnewversionofDragon.Theprivatespaceflightcompany4.__________(recent)completedthesecondmajorflighttestoftheCrewDragon,asit’scalled,whichshowedthecapsule’sabilitytoescape5.__________explodingrocket.

Whilelittleisknownaboutthenewly-announcedflight,SpaceXhasdetailedtheinsideoftheCrewDragonspacecraft6.________willtakethetouristsaroundtheEarth.Thereareafewseatsandanarrayoftouch-screensinthecapsule.Thespacecraft7.__________(surround)bywindows,thoughthey’renotaslargeastheonesBlueOriginbuiltintoitsowncapsule.SpaceXhasalsoshowncustom-designedspacesuitsandhelmetsthatCrewDragonpassengerswillwear.Thesuitslook8._________(small)thanpastdesigns,buttheyarestillpressurizedandcanresistflame.Theycomewithtouch-screencompatible(兼容的)gloves,andwilllock9.__________theseatsfortherideuptospace.

Otherprivatespaceflightcompaniesaretrying10._________(establish)thespacetourismmarket.RichardBranson’sVirginGalacticandJeffBezos’sBlueOriginareintherunning.

【文章大意】據(jù)國外媒體報(bào)道,太空探索技術(shù)公司SpaceX計(jì)劃在2021年底或2022年初將普通公民送入太空遨游。1.【解析】agreement。考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。冠詞后應(yīng)用名詞。2.【解析】different?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾名詞citizens,應(yīng)用形容詞。3.【解析】hasspent?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)thelastfewyears可知,謂語動詞與現(xiàn)在有關(guān),應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。4.【解析】recently。考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動詞complete,應(yīng)用副詞。5.【解析】an?？疾楣谠~。泛指一艘火箭,應(yīng)用不定冠詞,且又在exploding之前,應(yīng)用不定冠詞an。6.【解析】that/which。考查定語從句。spacecraft后是定語從句,從句中缺少主語,且先行詞指物,應(yīng)用that或which引導(dǎo)定語從句。7.【解析】issurrounded?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。surround和主語thespacecraft之間是被動關(guān)系,且是客觀事實(shí),應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。8.【解析】smaller?？疾樾稳菰~的比較級。根據(jù)than可知,應(yīng)用比較級。9.【解析】into。考查介詞。lockinto固定在……里。10.【解析】toestablish?？疾榉侵^語動詞。trytodosth.努力做某事。 Passage2 (2020·常德一模)Thedriver,ZhangSai,hovered(躊躇)outside1._________apartmentbuildinginWuhan,thecentralChinesecityattheheartofthe2019-nCoVoutbreak.He2._________(order)nottotakefoodtocustomers’doorsinorder3._________(minimize)theriskofinfection.Butthewomanonthephonewaspleading(懇求),herecalled.Thefoodwasforhermother,4.__________couldn’tgodowntomeethim.

MrZhangagreed.Hewoulddropofftheorderandgetawayas5._______(quick)aspossible.Asheplacedthebag6._______thefloor,MrZhangsaid,thedooropened.Frightened,herushedaway.Withoutthinking,hesaid,hejabbed(戳)theelevatorbuttonwithhisfinger,7._______(touch)asurfacehefearedcouldtransmitthevirus.

ThatwashowMrZhang,32,found8.__________(him)speedingbacktohisdeliverystationwithonefingerheldaloft(高高舉著一根手指),carefulnottotouchtherestofhishand—aquarantineinminiature(一個小型隔離現(xiàn)場).

FormanyinChina,deliverydriverslikeMrZhangaretheonly9._______(connect)totheoutsideworld.OnceaubiquitousbutinvisiblepresenceonthestreetsofnearlyeveryChinesecity,thedriversarenowbeingregardedas10._______(hero).

【文章大意】疫情期間,快遞小哥給外界和居民之間搭起了一座橋梁。1.【解析】an?？疾楣谠~。泛指一座公寓大樓,應(yīng)用不定冠詞,apartment前應(yīng)用不定冠詞an。2.【解析】hadbeenordered?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。謂語動詞order和主語He之間是被動關(guān)系,且發(fā)生在hovered之前,即“過去的過去”,應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。3.【解析】tominimize。考查非謂語動詞。inordertodosth.為了做某事,應(yīng)用不定式。4.【解析】who?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,修飾hermother;從句中缺少主語,且指人,應(yīng)用who引導(dǎo)定語從句。5.【解析】quickly。考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動詞getaway,應(yīng)用副詞。6.【解析】on?？疾榻樵~。onthefloor在地板上,應(yīng)用on。7.【解析】touching?？疾榉侵^語動詞。touch和邏輯主語he之間是主動關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。8.【解析】himself。考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。作found的賓語,且和主語是同一人,應(yīng)用反身代詞。9.【解析】connection?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。定冠詞the后應(yīng)用名詞。10.【解析】heroes?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。作介詞as的賓語,且指的是drivers,應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 Passage3 (2020·眉山二模)Musiceducationcanchangethetrackofachild’slife.Musiceducationhelpsbuild1.__________(confident).Whilesportscandothesamething,onethingaboutmusicclasses2.__________(be)thattheyallowachild3.________(make)mistakeswithoutalargegroupwatchinghis/hereverymove.Thereisatimeandplaceforgrouplearning,4.__________somepeoplesaychildrengrowontheone-on-oneinstructionmostmusicclassesoffer.Whentheylearnhowtoplaysongs,theyfeelliketheyareontopoftheworldandcando5._________(big)andgreaterthings.

Musiceducationaidsinacademicimprovement.Itis6.________majorbenefitformanypeople.Theyexcelacademicallyaftertheybegintakingpianolessons.Theyendup7.________(graduate)asvaledictorians(優(yōu)秀畢業(yè)生)ofasmallhighschool,andtheygraduatewithhonorsfromcollege.Musiceducationteachesself-disciplineandrequiresfocusedattention.Thesearebothskills8.__________areneededforacademicsuccessaswell.Musiceducationcanbenefitachildfinancially.Yes,musiceducationisnotcheap,butitcanbe9.________(afford).Thereturncanbringmanypositive10.________(reward)forachildfortherestofhisorherlife.

【文章大意】音樂教育可以改變孩子的人生軌跡。1.【解析】confidence?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。作build的賓語,應(yīng)用名詞。2.【解析】is?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。此處講述的是客觀事實(shí),且主語onething是第三人稱單數(shù),謂語動詞應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的單數(shù)形式。3.【解析】tomake?？疾榉侵^語動詞。allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事,應(yīng)用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。4.【解析】but/yet。考查連詞。上下文之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,應(yīng)用but或yet。5.【解析】bigger?？疾樾稳菰~的比較級。根據(jù)greater可知,此處應(yīng)用big的比較級。6.【解析】a。考查冠詞。泛指benefit,應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。7.【解析】graduating?？疾榉侵^語動詞。endupdoing是固定搭配。8.【解析】that/which?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。skills后是定語從句,且從句中缺少主語,先行詞指物,應(yīng)用that或which引導(dǎo)。9.【解析】affordable。考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。系動詞be后應(yīng)用形容詞作表語。10.【解析】rewards?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。many修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)?！炯庸逃?xùn)練】Passage1

(2020·重慶二模)OlympicandParalympicmedalsfortheTokyo2020Gameswillbemadefromrecycledmobilephonesdonatedbythepublic.Olympichostcitieshave1.__________(tradition)obtainedthemetalfromminingfirms.ButJapan,2._________lacksitsownmineralresources,iskeenontakingthethemeofasustainablefutureastep3._________(far).“AprojectwhichallowsthepeopleofJapan4.________(participate)increatingthemedalsisreallygood,andhelpsraisetheenvironmentalawarenessofour

citizens,”saidTokyo2020sports5.__________(direct)KojiMurofushi.“6.__________theresourcesofoureartharelimited,weneedtorecyclemoreandavoidwaste.Thisprogramissettinganexample.”

Collectionboxeshavebeenplacedinlocalofficesandtelecomstoresandtheywillremainthereuntilthemetalrequired7._________(collect).

Membersoftheorganizingcommitteeputforwardtheidea8.________governmentofficialsandcompaniesearlierthisyearandwontheirsupport.Asaresult,themedalshangingaroundOlympicwinners’neckswillcarryevenmoremeaningthanusual.People’spersonalmemories,once9.________(store)intheirsmartphonesandotherhandhelddevices,willtakeshapeofanOlympicmedal,oneofthemostprecious10.__________(prize)insport.

【文章大意】2020年東京奧運(yùn)會和殘運(yùn)會的獎牌將由公眾捐贈的回收舊手機(jī)制成。1.【解析】traditionally。考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動詞obtain應(yīng)用副詞。2.【解析】which?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,從句中缺少主語,且先行詞是Japan,應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)。3.【解析】further?？疾楸容^級。根據(jù)語境可知此處應(yīng)指進(jìn)一步,用比較級further。4.【解析】toparticipate。考查非謂語動詞。allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事,應(yīng)用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。5.【解析】director。考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。KojiMurofushi是東京奧運(yùn)會體育總監(jiān),應(yīng)用名詞director。6.【解析】As/Because/Since?？疾檫B詞。上下文之間是因果關(guān)系,應(yīng)用As/Because/Since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。7.【解析】iscollected/hasbeencollected?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,主句用將來時(shí),從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);collect和主語之間是被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。8.【解析】to?？疾榻樵~。putforwardsth.tosb.向……提出,應(yīng)用介詞to。9.【解析】stored?？疾榉侵^語動詞。store和邏輯主語people’spersonalmemories之間是被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)用過去分詞。10.【解析】prizes?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。oneof后的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。Passage2 (2020·南寧三模)KiyotoSaitoistryingtochangepeople’sopinionofagriculturalworkersthroughhisunusualattire(打扮).Whetherhe’sdrivingatractor1._________standinginthefields,Kiyotoisalwayswearinganelegantsuit.