2025版高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)語法專題板塊2第3講構(gòu)詞法教師用書

PAGEPAGE1第3講構(gòu)詞法考點(diǎn)1形容詞變副詞的規(guī)律1.一般狀況加ly。如：real→really;careful→carefully;polite→politely;quick→quickly2.以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的，將y改為i，再加ly。如：angry→angrily;busy→busily;heavy→heavily3.以ble結(jié)尾的，將ble改為bly。如：probable→probably;possible→possibly4.部分以“輔音字母＋e”結(jié)尾的詞，去掉e再加ly。如：true→truly5.以ic結(jié)尾的，加ally。如：basic→basically；energetic→energetically有的名詞＋ly→形容詞，如：friend→friendly;day→daily考點(diǎn)2動(dòng)詞/名詞變形容詞的常見后綴后綴例詞ableaccept→acceptable可接受的comfort→comfortable舒適的fashion→fashionable時(shí)髦的almusic→musical音樂的origin→original最初的person→personal個(gè)人的；私人的fuldoubt→doubtful懷疑的forget→forgetful健忘的harm→harmful有害的ibleaccess→accessible易得到的horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的response→responsible有責(zé)任的；負(fù)責(zé)的iveeffect→effective有效的；生效的attract→attractive有吸引力的impress→impressive給人深刻印象的ouscontinue→continuous不斷的；持續(xù)的anxiety→anxious憂慮的curiosity→curious新奇的sometire→tiresome令人厭倦的trouble→troublesome麻煩的ytaste→tasty美味的；可口的health→healthy健康的wealth→wealthy富有的；豐富的erneast→eastern東部的；向東的ishchild→childish孩子氣的fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish自私的icscience→scientific科學(xué)的economy→economic經(jīng)濟(jì)的history→historic歷史上聞名的aryimagine→imaginary想象中的考點(diǎn)3動(dòng)詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞alapprove→approval贊成；批準(zhǔn)arrive→arrival到來；到達(dá)survive→survival幸存anceenceappear→appearance出現(xiàn)；外貌perform→performance表演；節(jié)目exist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏愛iontionationcompete→competition競賽；競爭invite→invitation邀請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)柬explain→explanation說明(ss)iondiscuss→discussion探討；辯論decide→decision確定admit→admission接納；準(zhǔn)許入學(xué)inghear→hearing聽力；聽覺begin→beginning起先mentachieve→achievement功績；成就argue→argument辯論；論據(jù)treat→treatment對(duì)待；治療ureturefail→failure失敗；未做press→pressure壓力mix→mixture混合；混合物yrecover→recovery復(fù)原；痊愈discover→discovery發(fā)覺其他choose→choice選擇vary→variety多樣化；種類tend→tendency趨向；趨勢(shì)考點(diǎn)4形容詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞ageshort→shortage不足；短缺cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效fluent→fluency流利；流暢private→privacy隱私；私密domfree→freedom自由；自由wise→wisdom明智；才智cedifferent→difference差異silent→silence緘默nessweak→weakness虛弱；弱點(diǎn)kind→kindness慈愛；好意careless→carelessness馬虎大意thgrow→growth成長；生長warm→warmth暖和；熱忱ytyitydifficult→difficulty困難safe→safety平安real→reality現(xiàn)實(shí)考點(diǎn)5表示人的后綴后綴例詞erteach→teacher老師village→villager村民strange→stranger生疏人(留意：cook→cooker爐灶，爐具)arlie→liar說謊者eeemploy→employee受雇者；雇員interview→interviewee被面試者train→trainee受訓(xùn)練的人；學(xué)員orinvent→inventor獨(dú)創(chuàng)家act→actor男演員educate→educator教化家；老師essact→actress女演員host→hostess女主子；女主持人eseChina→Chinese中國人Japan→Japanese日本人nAmerica→American美國人Australia→Australian澳大利亞人ianmusic→musician音樂家history→historian歷史學(xué)家politics→politician政治家；政客istnovel→novelist小說家special→specialist專家tour→tourist旅行者；觀光者antserve→servant仆人participate→participant參與者assist→assistant助手；助理考點(diǎn)6表示否定或相反意義的前綴和后綴前/后綴例詞前綴disagree→disagree不同意advantage→disadvantage缺點(diǎn)illegal→illegal不合法的logical→illogical不合邏輯的impolite→impolite無禮的patient→impatient不耐煩的informal→informal非正式的convenient→inconvenient不便利的irregular→irregular不規(guī)則的responsible→irresponsible不負(fù)責(zé)任的mislead→mislead誤導(dǎo)understand→misunderstand誤會(huì)nonsmoker→nonsmoker不吸煙者stop→nonstop直達(dá)的unusual→unusual不尋常的willing→unwilling不情愿的后綴lesshope→hopeless無望的end→endless沒完沒了的考點(diǎn)7變動(dòng)詞的前綴和后綴前/后綴例詞前綴enable→enable使能夠large→enlarge擴(kuò)大rich→enrich使充溢后綴enbroad→broaden(使)變寬ripe→ripen(使)成熟sharp→sharpen使尖銳wide→widen加寬ifyclass→classify把……分類just→justify證明……正確simple→simplify簡化iseapology→apologise致歉emphasis→emphasise強(qiáng)調(diào)考點(diǎn)8-ed形容詞和-ing形容詞一些動(dòng)詞，如amaze,move,excite,disappoint,encourage,puzzle,surprise,confuse,interest,satisfy,please,shock,astonish,disturb,bore等，其-ing形式和-ed形式都能轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞。Thestorywasverymovingandweweredeeplymoved.這個(gè)故事特別感人，我們都被深深地感動(dòng)了。此類形容詞作定語修飾表情和聲音時(shí)的區(qū)分：動(dòng)詞-ing形式用來說明主語的特性，表示該表情或聲音令人怎么樣，因此譯作“令人……的”；動(dòng)詞-ed形式用來說明發(fā)出該表情或聲音的人所處的一種狀態(tài)。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.(2024·浙江卷6月)In1844theyboughtitfor$1，200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheirmarriage(marry)ceremonyin1842.2.(2024·全國Ⅱ卷)ChineseNewYearisacelebration(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.3.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thehotspringatthefootofthemountainissomethingyoumusttryaftertheclimb.Itwillundoubtedly(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!4.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Inthe18thand19thcenturies,wealthy(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.5.(2024·全國Ⅲ卷)Theyalsosharedwithusmanytraditional(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwerehugelypopularwithtourists.Ⅱ.語法填空(2024·江蘇南京三模)BackpackChina’sSilkRoadThisisnotavoyagethatmanytravellersexperience;it'softenoverlookedinfavourofmoreaccessibleandfamousdestinationsinChina.Butforadventuroustravellerslookingforsomething1.truly(true)different,backpackingChina'sSilkRoadbringsgloriousrewards.Inhistory,theSilkRoadincludedmanyroutesthatconnectedeastandsouthAsiatoMediterraneanEurope,so2.named(name)becausethelargestgoodstradeddowntheroutewereChinesesilk.Severalhistorical3.branches(branch)intheroadmeanthatyouhaveoptionswhen4.deciding(decide)yourroute.China'snorthwestishistoricallyoneof5.its(it)leastconnectedregions.TheJiayupass,wheretheimpressiveJiayuguanFortwasbuiltinthe1370s,6.marks(mark)theendoftheGreatWall.Theregionspreadsover2，400km,mostof7.whichisseparatedbyvastareasofdesert.Theregionisnowconnectedbyhigh-speedrail,makinggettingaround8.aneasything.Iftakinganovernighttraintrip,equipyourself9.withfoodandplentyofbottledwaterbeforeyoustart.Trainsalsousuallysellbeerandwine,butathighprices,sobesuretopackyourown,ashavingaganbeiisagreatway10.tomeet(meet)localsandmakefriendswhiletravelling.Ⅲ.寫作運(yùn)用依據(jù)漢語提示補(bǔ)全作文，并留意其中的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。DearTom，Atpresent，therearemanyforeignerslearningChinese,becauseChina1.isplayinganimportantpartintheworld