2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第30講閱讀理解其它體裁（核心考點(diǎn)）

第30講閱讀理解其它體裁（核心考點(diǎn)精講精練）

L考情探究且

i.三年真題其它體裁考點(diǎn)細(xì)目表

時(shí)間卷次體裁主題語境字?jǐn)?shù)題型分類

/

2023新高考1卷//

年新高考II卷書評人與社會：印刷書籍和閱讀對人330+1261個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題

類的重要意義1個(gè)推理判斷題

1個(gè)詞義猜測題

書評

全國甲卷人與社會：介紹了TheSocrates333+1282個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題

Express

2個(gè)推理判斷題

全國乙卷////

北京卷////

新聞報(bào)人與社會：在辯論中戰(zhàn)勝人類的

浙江卷314+1322個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題

道軟曄程序：ProjectDebater的

1個(gè)推理判斷題

1個(gè)詞義猜測題

天津卷/+/

2022新高考I卷///

年新高考II卷/+/

全國甲卷///

書評

全國乙卷人與社會:DorothyWickcndcn317+1222個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題

的書：NothingDaunted:TheU

2個(gè)推理判斷題

nexpectedEducationofTwoSoci

etyGirlsintheWest

北京卷///

浙江卷////

天津卷////

//////

2.命題規(guī)律及備考策略

【命題規(guī)律】

從近三年的命題上看，閱讀理解無論是新聞報(bào)道還是書評是主要考查細(xì)節(jié)理解和考查推理判斷題偶爾

也會考查詞義猜測題。

【備考策略】

高考備考，重點(diǎn)練閱讀。因?yàn)殚喿x是綱，綱舉目張。閱讀量+詞匯量=高考英語前途無量。要做到精讀

泛讀相結(jié)合。每天讀5篇，高考一百三。具體來說，可以每天精讀2篇，讀懂每一句話，并完成文后的問

答題；泛讀3篇\材料要相對容易一些，但要有長度，最好是文學(xué)作品。泛讀的方法是只求知道內(nèi)容，不

記單詞或漂亮句子，也不做短文后的習(xí)題。

【命題預(yù)測】

從近三年命題的發(fā)展趨勢來看，預(yù)測2024年高考閱讀理解其它體裁可能會出現(xiàn)，試題難度會保持相對

穩(wěn)定，但會繼續(xù)考查考生快速而準(zhǔn)確地獲取和理解文中具體細(xì)節(jié)信息的能力以及推斷能力。

好題沖關(guān)

過關(guān)檢測

（2023?云南?云南師大附中校考模擬預(yù)測）Theguywhoatea$120,000bananainanartmuseumsayshe

wasjusthungry

ItalianartistMaurizioCattclaniswellknownfbrhisinspiringworks,buthissignaturework—abananataped

toawall—waslatelydestroyedfcrasimplereason;thehungeritarousedinacollegestudent.Theworknamed

“edian”（喜劇演員）haspreviouslysoldfbrSI20,000,mostfamouslyatArtBaselMiamiin2019.Whileacollege

studentwhorecentlyviewedtheartinaSeoulmuseumsaidheatethebananaafterskippingbreakfast.

Theartinquestion,edian,whichwasafrequentlyreplacedfreshbanana,wastapedonthewall.Itismeantto

indicateeverythingfromCharlieChaplin'sedytothefruit'sstatusasasymbolofglobaltrade.

However,itspoketoNohHuynsoo,thecollegestudent,insimplerterms,remindinghimthathehadskipped

breakfastthatmorning.SowhenhevisitedSeoul'sLccumMuseumofArtlatcatnoonlastweek,Nohseizedthe

yellowfruitandateit,ignoringthealarmedcryofamuseumworker.IttookNoharound1minutetotearoffthe

bananaandcatit.Then,hereattachedthepeeltoitsspotonthewall

Nohtoldthemuseumthatheatetheartbecausehewashungry,accordingtoKoreanpublicbroadcasterKBS,

whichairedavideoofhisactionsthatwasrecordedbyhisfriend.ButNoh,whostudiesartandreligionatSeoul

NationalUniversity,alsoexpressedtheartist'sintentandsuggestedhisownactionsmightqualifyasart,ashe

trar.sfbnnedCattelaifsworkandputitbackondisplay.

TheNohdramalastedonlyaround3（）minutes,asmuseumworkersrestoredasecondbananatothespot.And

themuseumwon'tchargeNohforanydamages.Becausewhentheartistwastoldabouttheruinedwork,hereplied

thatitwasn'taproblem.

1.Whatisthearticle?

A.Amuseumguidance.B.Anewsreport.C.Atravelblog.D.Alifestory.

2.Whatisspecialaboutthework"edian”？

A.Itisalifelikeobjectkeptwellinthemuseum.B.Itisafunnypaintingsoldatararehighprice.

C.ItisarealitemrefreshedregularlyondisplayD.Itisaneatablefruitdesignedtobedelivered.

3.WhichmaybetherealreasonfbrNohtoeattheexhibit?

A.Hewantedtobeinvolvedin（oanartcreationinaway.

B.Hefelthungryfbrnothavingbreakfastontime.

C.Hemeanttomakeapopularblogtohavefiin.

D.Hewastoldtodosofbrthesakeofnewart.

4.Whatdoestheartistthinkofthedestroyedwork?

A.Absolutelyserious.B.Terriblyinfluential.C.Rarelytypical.D.Scarcely

important.

【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.D

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了一名最近在首爾博物館觀看的大學(xué)生吃掉意大利藝術(shù)家毛里齊奧?卡

特蘭的一則標(biāo)志性作品的事情。

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題“Theguywhoatea$120,000bananainanartmuseumsayshewasjust

hungry（在美術(shù)館吃了一根價(jià)值12萬美元的香蕉的人說他只是餓了）”及第一段“talianartistMaurizioCattclan

iswellknownfbrhisinspiringworks,buthissignaturework—abananatapedtoawall—waslatelydestroyed

forasimplereason;thehungeritarousedinacollegestudent.Theworknamed“edian”（喜劇演員）haspreviously

soldfbrSI20,000,mostfamouslyatArtBaselMiamiin2019.（意大利藝術(shù)家毛里齊奧?卜特蘭以其鼓舞人心的

作品而聞名，但他的標(biāo)志性作品——一根綁在墻上的香蕉——最近被銷毀的原因很簡單；它激起了一名大

學(xué)生的饑餓感。這部名為《喜劇演員》的作品此前曾以12萬美元的價(jià)格售出，最著名的是2019年在邁阿

密巴塞爾藝術(shù)展上）“可知，本文是對一則事件的報(bào)道。由此推知，這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。故選B項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Theartinquestion,edian,whichwasafrequentlyreplacedfreshbanana,wastaped

onihewall.（這件有爭議的作品，《喜劇演員》，是一個(gè)被貼在墻上的經(jīng)常被替換的新鮮香蕉）”可推知，它是

一個(gè)真實(shí)的定期在展覽上更新的物品。故選C項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“BuiNoh,whostudiesartandreligionatSeoulNationalUniversity,alsoexpressedthe

artist'sintentandsuggestedhisownactionsmightqualifyasart,ashetransformedCatteIan'sworkandputitback

ondisplay.（但在首爾國立大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)和宗教的Noh也表達(dá)了這位藝術(shù)家的意圖，并表示他自己的行為可能

符合藝術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，因?yàn)樗脑炝丝ㄌ靥m的作品并將其放回到展覽中『可推知，Noh吃掉展品的原因是他想要以

某種方式參與到藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作中。故選A項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Becausewhentheartistwastoldabouttheruinedwork,herepliedthatitwasn'ta

problems因?yàn)楫?dāng)藝術(shù)家被告知這件被毀的作品時(shí)，他回答說這不是問題）“可推知，藝術(shù)家認(rèn)為被損壞的作品

幾乎不重要。故選D項(xiàng)。

（2023?湖南長沙?雅禮中學(xué)校考三模）①Whatdoesitsayaboutthefutureofmeatwhenthecountry'slargest

processorofchicken,pork,andbcc:buysastake（股份）inastartupthataimsto^'perfectlyreplaceanimalprotein

withplantprotein”?

②TysonFoodsannouncedthisweekthatitpurchaseda5percentstakeinBeyondMeat,theSouthern

Califbrniabasedfbodtechstartupthatmadeheadlinesearlierthisyearwithitsveggieburgerthatreportedlycooks

andtasteslikerealbeef.

③Tobesure,BeyondMeat'smeatlesscreationshaveyettotakethecountrybystorm.Althoughthe100

percentplantbasedburgershaveachievedplentyofpositivepresssincetheyappearedfbrthefirsttimeinMay,so

farthey'reonlyavailableatWholeFoodsstoresinsevenstates.Eventhoughthepany's"chicken“strips,“beef、'

pics,andmeatlessfrozendinnersarcavailablenationwide,BeyondMeatishardlyahouseholdname.

@ThatmaybewhatmakesthenewsofTyson'sinvestmentallthemorenoteworthy.Whilethetwopanics

declinedtogivedetailsaboutthedeal,it'sdoubtfillthatTyson's5percentstakemademuchof4。"（凹陷）inthe

meatgiant'scoffers（金庫）.Thepanyposted$41.4billioninsaleslastyear;priortothedealwithTyson,Beyond

Meathadreportedlyraised$64millioninprojectcapitalfunding-aboutwhatTysonearnsbeforelunchonany

givenday.

⑤Tysonisdoingprettygreat.ThepanyreportedrecordthirdquarterearningspershareinAugustandsaysthat

itexpectsoverallmeatproductiontoincrease2to3percentduringthenextfinancialyear.Butlikeabigoilpany

shellingoutcashtoinvestinwindpower,Tyson'stocinthcwatcrmovetoteamupwithastartupdevotedtobringing

moreplantbasedproteintoAmericandinnertablesseemstosuggestthemeatindustryisstartingtoseewhichway

thewindsareblowing.

?Salesofplantbasedprotein,whichtotaledanestimated$5billionlastyear,continuetopaleparedwiththe

markettormeatinAmerica—butvegetarianalternativestomeatarebooming,withsalesgrowingatmorethan

doubletheratefbrfoodproductsoverall.Thesteadydrumbeatofnewsaboutthenegativehealthimpacts,

environmentalproblems,andanimalwelfareconcernsassociatedwithmeatconsumptionappearstobesinkingin.

AccordingtoasurveyreleasedinApril,morethanhalfofAmericanssurveyedsaidtheyplantoeatmore

plantbasedfoodsintheingyear.

5.BeyondMeat'sveggieburgermadeheadlinesprobablybecause.

A.itmakesperfectuseofanimalprotein

B.ituseshightechinthemakingprocess

C.ittastesasgoodasagenuinebeefburger

D.itrepresentsthediettrendinSouthCalifornia

6.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEregardingthestateofBeyondMeat?

A.Itisthecreatorofthecountry'sfirst100percentplantbasedburgers.

B.Ithasbeenwellreceivedasitsproductsareavailablenationwide.

C.ItisfarfrombeingamatchtorealfoodprocessinggiantslikeTyson.

D.ItprovideshighqualitydiningexperienceinselectedWholeFoodsstores.

7.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?

A.ThepurchaseofthestakebarelycostsathingfbrTyson.

B.The5percentstakeinBeyondMeatmeansalottoTyson.

C.Tyson'sinvestmenthasn'tcaughttheattentionofthemediaasexpected.

D.Tysonisrelyingonthisinvestmenttoraisemoreprojectcapitalfunding.

8.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Meatwillstilltakeoverthemarketinspiteofotheralternatives.

B.AmajorAmericanmeatpanyisbettingonplantbasedprotein.

C.TysonandBeyondMeatworktogethertobuildaglobalmeatgiant.

D.Plantshavebeenfoundtocontainproteinthatdoesmoregoodtohumanbeings.

【答案】5.C6.C7.A8.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章講述美國最大的肉類加工商TysonFoods加盟了一家叫做BeyondMeat

的初創(chuàng)公司，BeyondMeat旨在用植物蛋白完美替代動物蛋白為大家生產(chǎn)無肉產(chǎn)品，以及這家公司產(chǎn)品目前

的經(jīng)營情況。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“TysonFoodsannouncedthisweekthatitpurchaseda5percentstakeinBeyondMeat,

theSouthernCalifbrniabascdfbodtcchstartupthatmadeheadlinesearlierthisyearwithitsveggieburgerthat

reportedlycooksandtasteslikerealbeef.（泰森食品公司本周宣布，它收購\BeyondMeat公司5%的股份。

BeyondMeat是一家總部位于南加州的食品科技初創(chuàng)公司，今年早些時(shí)候，這家公司因其素食漢堡而登上頭

條，據(jù)報(bào)道，這款漢堡的烹飪和吠道都像真正的牛肉）”可知，BeyondMeat的素食漢堡成為頭條是因?yàn)檫@款

漢堡的味道和真正的牛肉漢堡一樣。故選C。

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“priortothedealwithTyson,BeyondMeathadreportedlyraised$64millionin

projectcapitalfunding—aboutwhatTysonearnsbeforelunchonanygivenday.（據(jù)報(bào)道，在與泰森食品達(dá)成交易

之前，BeyondMeat已經(jīng)籌集了6400萬美元的項(xiàng)目資本資金——這相當(dāng)于泰森食品在任何一天午餐前的收

入廠可知，BeyondMeat籌集的項(xiàng)目資金6400萬美元僅僅是泰森食品一天午餐前的收入，由此可知Beyond

Meat的規(guī)模遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不及TysonFoods,即BeyondMeat不能與BeyondFoods相提并論。故選C。

7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段"it'sdoubtfulthatTyson's5percentstakemademuchofdentinthemeatgiant's

coders（但令人懷疑的是，泰森食品持有的5%股份是否為這家肉類巨頭財(cái)務(wù)帶來很大的財(cái)務(wù)空缺）”和“priort。

thedealwithTyson,BeyondMeathadreportedlyraisedS64millioninprojectcapitalfunding-aboutwhatTyson

earnsbeforelunchonanygivenday（據(jù)報(bào)道，在與泰森食品達(dá)成交易之前，BeyondMeat已經(jīng)籌集了6400萬

美元的項(xiàng)目資本資金——這相當(dāng)于泰森食品在任何一天午餐前的收入）”可知，BeyondMeat籌集的項(xiàng)目資金

6400萬美元僅僅是泰森食品一天午餐前的收入，可得出泰森食品持有的5%股份不會造成很大的財(cái)務(wù)虧空，

即對于泰森食品公司來說，收購BeyondMeat并未花費(fèi)很多錢。故選A。

8.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Whatdoesitsayaboutthefutureofmeatwhenthecountry'slargestprocessorof

chicken,pork,andbeefbuysasfaAe（股份）inastartupthataimstotvperfectlyreplaceanimalproteinwithplant

prolein”?（當(dāng)中國最大的雞肉、豬肉和牛肉加工商入股一家旨在“用植物蛋白完美替代動物蛋白”的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)

時(shí)，這說明了肉類的未來是什么）”可知，最大的肉類加工公司TysonFoods入股生產(chǎn)無肉產(chǎn)品的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)

BeyondMeat意味著Tyson要重點(diǎn)投資植物蛋白這種無肉產(chǎn)品。故選

（2023?重慶?西南大學(xué)附中?？既＃〢nowl（貓頭鷹）namedFlacoescapedNewYork'sCentralParkZoo

lastweekafterhiscagewasbroken.Thissetoffabirdhuntofpoliceofficersandparkrangcrs（護(hù)林員）.Zoo

officialsworriedthatFlaco,whohadbeenkeptinhiszoocagefbr13years,mayiiavelostthesurvivalabilitieshe

neededinthewild.Theyplacedsomeofhisfavoritetreatsintheopenairtoattempttotraphim.

Flacowasnotfooled.Instead,hewassightedflyingover5thAvenue,andCentralPark'sskatingrink.A

numberofNewYorkersstampedintoCentralParktotrytocatchaglimpseofFlaco,takingphotoswith

excitement.

Butthisweek,zooofficialsannouncedtheyacceptedthatFlacoremainedinCentralParkbecausehehadbeen

seenbringingupbonesandfiirfromthepark'sabundantmunityofrats."Hehasbeenverysuccessfulathunting

andconsumingtheabundantratsinthepark."zooofficialstoldtheNewYorkPost.kkAndthat'samazing.He's

huntingonhisown.He'sflyingbetter.Flacoreallyseemstobeenjoyinghimselfoutthere.^^

Thereisacautionattachedtothisstoryofanowlwhoismakingitonhisowninthecitythatneversleeps.

Owlsarenocturnal.Theygoaroundsearchingfbrfoodatnight.Theysleepduringtheday,ortryto,likelotsof

peoplewhoworktheovernightshift.YetsomeNewYorkerswhodon'tknowproperbirdwatchingbehavior

reportedlyseeFlacosleepinatreeduringtheday,andbegintoshoutathim.Itinterruptshissleep.Flacocan'ttry

tosay"shh,shh“withthetraditionalNewYorkreply.Afterall,abirdcan'tgivesomeonethebird.

9.WhywerezooofficialsconcernedaboutFlaco'sabilitytosurvive?

A.Becausehisfavouritefoodwastoolittle.

B.Becausehemightbeattackedbypolice.

C.Becausehiscagewasseverelydamaged.

D.Becausehewaskeptinhiscagefbrlong.

1().WhatcanweinferaboutFlacofromthethirdparagraph?

A.Hehasadaptedtothewild.B.Hehasfoundhisprevioushome.

C.Hestillfacesgreatchallenges.D.Hedislikestheratsinthepark.

11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nocturnal”inparagraph4mean?

A.Scarylooking.B.Shyandquiet.

C.Activeatnight.D.Badlybehaved.

12.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetotheinterruptiontoFlaco'ssleep?

A.Cautious.B.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.

【答案】9.D10.A11.C12.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了貓頭鷹弗拉科從紐約中央公園動物園的圍欄中逃了出來。在躲過了

各種救援嘗試后，弗拉科已經(jīng)很好地適應(yīng)了他寬敞的新家——他可能會一直呆在那里。

9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"ZooofficialsworriedthatFlaco,whohadbeenkeptinhiszoocagefbr13years,may

havelostthesurvivalabilitiesheneededinthewild.（動物園官員擔(dān)心，在動物園籠子里被關(guān)了13年的弗拉科

可能已經(jīng)失去了在野外生存所需的能力。）”可知，因?yàn)樗魂P(guān)在籠子里太久了所以動物園官員擔(dān)心弗拉科

的生存能力。故選D。

10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“But:hisweek,zooofficialsannouncedtheyacceptedthatFlacoremainedinCentral

Parkbecausehehadbeenseenbringingupbonesandfiirfromthepark'sabundantmunityofrats.'Hehasbeen

verysuccessfulathuntingandconsumingtheabundantratsinthepark.,zooofficialstoldtheNewYorkPost.4And

that'samazing.He'shuntingonhisown.He'sflyingbetter.Flacoreallyseemstobeenjoyinghimselfoutthere/

（但本周，動物園官員宣布，他們接受Flaco留在中央公園，因?yàn)橛腥丝吹剿鼜墓珗@里大量的老鼠群落中叼

來骨頭和皮毛?！八讷C捕和吃掉公園里大量的老鼠方面非常成功。動物園官員告訴《紐約郵報(bào)》?！斑@太神

奇了。他在獨(dú)自打獵。他飛得好多了。弗拉科似乎在那里玩得很開心。“）”可知，從第三段可以推斷弗拉科

已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了野外環(huán)境。故選A。

11.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段戈ij線詞后“Theygoaroundsearchingfbrfoodatnight.Theysleepduringtheday,or

tryto,likelotsofpeoplewhoworktheovernightshift.（它們在夜間四處尋找食物。他們白天睡覺，或者試著

睡覺，就像很多上夜班的人一樣。）”可知，貓頭鷹是夜行動物，劃線詞是在夜晚活躍的。故選C。

12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"YetsomeNewYorkerswhodon'tknowproperbirdwatchingbehaviorreportedly

seeFlacosleepinatreeduringtheday,andbegintoshoutathim.Ilinterruptshissleep.Flacocan'ltrytosay"shh,

shh,'withthetraditionalNewYorkreply.Afterall,abirdcan'tgivesomeonethebird.（然而，據(jù)報(bào)道,一些不知

道正確觀鳥行為的紐約人看到Flac。白天在樹上睡覺，就開始對它大喊大叫。它打斷了他的睡眠。弗拉科不

能用傳統(tǒng)的紐約人的回答說“噓，噓）“可知，作者對弗拉科睡眠被打斷的態(tài)度是不同意的。故選D。

（2022?河南?濮陽南樂一高校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）AmericanmathematicianDennisSullivanhasbeenawarded

the2022AbelPrize,oneofthemostdistinguishedawardsinmath,fbrhiscontributionstothefieldsoftopology

anddynamicalsystems.Sullivanhasbeenrecognizedfbrhisgroundbreakingcontributionstotopologyinits

broadestsense,andparticularlyitsalgebraic（代數(shù)的）,geometricanddynamicalaspects.

Topologyisthestudyofpropertiesofobjectsandspacesthatdonotchangewhentheyaredeformed（變形）.

Thefieldissometimescalled“rubbersheetgeometry"，becauseobjectscanbestretchedintodifferentshapeslike

rubberbutcannotbebroken.Forinstance,asquarecanbedeformedintoacirclewithoutbreaking,butadoughnut

shapecannot.

Sullivan,borninPortIhiron,Michigan,in1941,beganstudyingtopologyasagraduatestudentatPrinceton

Universityintheearly1960s.His1966doctoralthesis,called'"TriangulatingHomotopyEquivalences,helped

revolutionizethestudyofmanifolds,spacesthatlookflatwhenviewedfromanypointontheirsurfacebuthavea

moreplicatedoverallstructure.

SubsequentlySullivantaughtatseveralotheruniversities.Duringthistime,hegraduallychangedhow

mathematiciansperceivedalgebraicandgeometrictopology,introducingnewideasandbuildinganewvocabulary.

In1970.hewroteasetofunpublishednoteswidelycirculatedandconsideredhugelyinfluential.

Bythelate1970s,Sullivanbeganinvestigatingproblemsindynamicalsystems,whichisthestudyofapoint

movingthroughageometricalspaceandafundamentalpartofchaostheory.Hisworkuniteddynamicalsystems

andalgebraictopologyinwaysthathadneverbeendone.In1985.Sullivanproveda60yearoldassumptionthat

pointsmovinginplexdynamicalsystemseventuallyreturntotheirstartingpointratherthanwanderingabout

endlessly.

“DennisP.Sullivanhasicpcaxdlychangedthelandscapeoftopologybyintroducingnewconcepts"，said

HansMuntheKaas,chairoftheAbelmittee.'TmnotsureSullivanseestheboundariesbetweendifferentareasof

mathematicsthesameasotherpeopleseeit.”

13.Whatisthepurposeofthesecondparagraph?

A.Toclarifyaconcept.B.Topresentafact.

C.Toexplainaphenomenon.D.Tomakeanassumption.

14.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesSullivian?

A.Promisingandsincere.B.mittedandpioneering.

C.GenerousandintelligentD.Ambitiousandconsiderate.

15.WhichstatementcorrespondswithSullivian'snewtheory?

A.Spaceshaveamoreplicatedoverallstructure.

B.Adoughnutcanbedeformedintoacirclewithoutbreaking.

C.Dynamicsystemsandalgebraictopologycan'tbeintegrated.

D.Pointsmovingincertainsystemseventuallyreturntotheirstartingpoint.

16.WhatcanweinferfromHansMuntheKaas,remarksinthelastparagraph?

A.Sulliviandoesn'tnormallyagreewithothers.

B.Differentareasofmathematicshavenoboundaries.

C.Sullivianmayhavehisownwayofviewingdifferentareasofmaths.

D.HansMuntheKaashasprejudiceagainstSullivianintheareasofmathematics.

【答案】13.A14.B15.D16.C

【導(dǎo)語】這是?篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹了美國數(shù)學(xué)家丹尼斯?沙利文因其在拓?fù)浜蛣恿ο到y(tǒng)領(lǐng)域的貢獻(xiàn)而被

授予2022年阿貝爾獎(jiǎng)的事情。

13.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Topologyisthestudyofpropertiesofobjectsandspacesthatdonotchangewhen

theyaredeformed（變形）.”（拓?fù)涫茄芯繉ο蠛涂臻g在變形時(shí)不會改變的特性。）可知，第二段的目的是闡明

拓?fù)涞母拍?。故選A項(xiàng)。

14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Sullivanhasbeenrecognizedforhisgroundbreakingcontributionstotopologyinits

broadestsense,andparticularlyitsalgebraic,geometricanddynamicalaspects.”（沙利文因其對最廣義拓?fù)鋵W(xué)的

開創(chuàng)性貢獻(xiàn)而受到認(rèn)可，尤其是在代數(shù)、幾何和動力學(xué)方面）及最后一段“"DennisP.Sullivan上asrepeatedly

changedthelandscapeoftopologybyintroducingnewconcepts"saidHansMuntheKaas,chairoftheAbelmittcc."'

（阿貝爾委員會主席HansMuntheKaas表示：“丹尼斯?沙利文通過引入新概念，一再改變拓?fù)涓窬帧保┛芍?/p>

沙利文對拓?fù)鋵W(xué)做出了開創(chuàng)性貢獻(xiàn)，說明他具有先驅(qū)性，而他一再改變拓?fù)涓窬终f明他一直忠于對拓?fù)涞?/p>

研究。故選B項(xiàng)。

15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。。根據(jù)第五段Tn1985,Sullivanproveda60yearoldassumptionthalpointsmovinginplex

dynamicalsystemseventuallyreturntotheirstartingpointratherthanwanderingaboutendlessly.”（1985年，沙利

文證明了一個(gè)60年前的假設(shè)，即在更雜動力系統(tǒng)中移動的點(diǎn)最終會回到它們的起點(diǎn)，而不是無休止地徘徊。）

可知，符合沙利文的新理論是在某些系統(tǒng)中移動的點(diǎn)最終會返回到它們的起點(diǎn)。故選D項(xiàng)。

16.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后?段"I'mnotsureSullivanseestheboundariesbetweendifferentareasofmathematics

thesameasotherpeopleseeit.”（我不確定沙利文是否像其他人一樣看待數(shù)學(xué)不同領(lǐng)域之間的界限）可知，沙

利文可能對數(shù)學(xué)的不同領(lǐng)域有自己的看法。故選C項(xiàng)。

（2023-江蘇南京,南京市第一中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測）Tesla'sselfdrivingcarshaverecentlyeunder

investigationasareportoncrashesraisesquestionsabouttheirsafety.DespiteTeslaCEOElonMusk'sclaimthat

theirAutopilotcapabilitymakestheircars^unequivocally（亳不含糊地）safer,Mdatasuggestsotherwise.

AccordingtoTheWashingtonPost,thenumberofdeathsandseriousinjuriesassociatedwithTesla's

driverassistancetechnologyishigherthanpreviouslyreported.TheNationalHighwayTrafficSafety

Administration（NHTSA）recorded736crashessince2019,withatleast17ofthembeingfatal.Thesefigures

includecrashesinvolvingbothAutopilot,whichallowscarstodriveonhighwayswithouthumanintervention,and

thenewerFullSelfDrivingfeature,whichextendsautomationtocitystreets.However,thesestatisticscan'trecord

incidentsthatwereavoidedduetothecars'safetyfeatures.Additionally,whenparedtothetotalnumberofcar

crashesthatoccurredlastyear,thenumberofcrashesinvolvingdriverassistancevehiclesappearsrelativelysmall,

butactuallyit'snot.

Tesla'ssafetyclaimslackcontextasAutopilotisprimarilydesignedfbrhighways,whilemostaccidentsoccur

inmoreplexenvironmentswithcrosstraffic,pedestrians,andcyclists.Moreover.Tesla'scustomerbaseconsists

mainlyofwealthierindividualswholiveinmunitieswithloweraccidentrates.

ConcernsareraisedbyTesla'srequesttotheNHTSAnottorevealwhetherAutopilotorFullSelfDrivingwas

inuseduringfatalcrashes.Thislackoftransparency（透明）preventsaprehensiveanalysisoftheincidentsand

raisesquestionsaboutresponsibility.

Safetyexaggerations（夸大）bincdwithTesla'saggressivemarketinghaveledtoaccidentscausedbydrivers

relyingtooheavilyonthesystem.FullSclfDiivingdocsnotallowthecartofullydriveitself,anddriversarc

expectedtoremainattentiveandreadytointeneneatalltimes.However,Tesla'smessagingmaymisleadsome

usersintobelievingothenvise.

Whileadriverlessfuturehasthepotentialtobesafer,itiscrucialnottoconvincethepublicthat

underdevelopedcapabilitiesarereadyfbrwidespreaduse.Teslashouldaddresspastproblems,ensuretheir

automationsetcandetectemergencyvehicles,andbetransparentwiththepublicaboutthelimitationsoftheir

technology.Rushingtheimplementationofsuchtechnologywithoutaddressingitslimitationscouldleadtoserious

consequencesontheroad.

17.WhatcanwclearnaboutTesla'sdrivcrassistanccrclatcdcrashesfromparagraph2?

A.736fatalcasesofsclftlrivingarcrecorded.

B.NHTSAfocusedonthecrashesonhighways.

C.Thetotalnumberofcarcrashesisextremelysmall.

D.Theincidentsavoidedarenotcountedinthecrashstatistics.

18.WhatcanbeinferredaboutTesla,ssafetyclaims?

A.Theyaresupportedbyprehensivedata.

B.Theyarcbasedonlimiteddrivingenvironment.

C.Theyarerestrictedtotheexperiencesofsatisfiedcustomers.

D.TheyhavebeenproventobeaccurateandreliablebyNIITSA.

19.WhatcanweknowaboutFullSei（Driving?

A.Itisillreceived.B.Itiswelldeveloped.

C.Itneedsthedrivertostayfocused.D.Itreducestheaccidentsgreatly.

20.Whichtitlebestsummarizesthecontentofthistext?

A.ConcernsandQuestionsSurroundingTesla's"SelfDriving”Cars

B.TeslasSelJDrivingCars:TheSafestOptionofDrivingontheRoad

C.TheFutureofSelfDrivingCars:ACloserLookatTeslasTechnology^

D.ReconstructionandRevohilionofTeslasAutopilotandFullSelJDriving

【答案】17.D18.B19.C20.A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講的是特斯拉的自動駕駛車輛所受到的一些質(zhì)疑和它自身存在的一些

問題。

17.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的"However,thesestatisticscan'trecordincidentsthatwereavoidedduetothecars'

safetyfeatures.（然而，這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)并不能記錄由于汽車的安全特性而避免的事故。）”可知，避免的事故不

計(jì)入撞車統(tǒng)計(jì)。故選D。

18.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Tesla'ssafetyclaimslackcontextasAutopilotisprimarilydesignedforhighways,

whilemostaccidentsoccurinmoreplexenvironmentswithcrosstrafYic,pedestrians,andcyclists.Moreover,

Tesla'scustomerbaseconsistsmainlyofwealthierindividualswholiveinmunitieswithloweraccidentrates.（特斯

拉的安全聲明缺乏背景，因?yàn)樽詣玉{駛儀主要是為高速公路設(shè)計(jì)的，而大多數(shù)事故發(fā)生在更復(fù)雜的環(huán)境中，

有交叉交通、行人和騎自行車的人。此外，特斯拉的客戶群主要是生活在事故率較低社區(qū)的富裕人士。r

可知，特斯拉的安全聲明是基于有限的駕駛環(huán)境。故選B。

19.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“FullSelfDrivingdoesnotallowthecartofullydriveitself,anddriversare

expectedtoremainattentiveandreadytointerveneatalltimes.（全自動駕駛不允許汽車完全自動駕駛，司機(jī)需要

保持注意力，隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備干預(yù)。）”可知，全自動駕駛需要司機(jī)保持專注。故選C。

20.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的“Tesla'sselWrivingcarshaverecentlyeunderi