2022屆高三英語培優(yōu)外刊閱讀i學(xué)案：大腦話題

高三英語培優(yōu)外刊閱讀外刊精選｜神奇的大腦：切除一半仍能運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)你知道嗎，大腦被切除一半后，仍然能夠繼續(xù)工作。早在上個世紀(jì)，醫(yī)學(xué)界就已經(jīng)開始對患有腦損傷性疾病的患者施行半腦切除手術(shù)。術(shù)后很多人都恢復(fù)良好。近期的一項(xiàng)研究表明，人類的大腦具有極強(qiáng)的可塑性，在被切除一半后，也有可能恢復(fù)原有的腦功能。這種可塑性是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)的？對正常人來說有什么意義？HowtheBrainCanRewireItselfAfterHalfofItIsRemoved①Shortlyafterthebirthofherfirstson,MonikaJoneslearnedthathehadarareneurologicalconditionthatmadeonesideofhisbrainabnormallylarge.Herequiredseveralsurgeries,startingwhenhewas31/2monthsold,eventuallyleadingtoacompleteanatomicalhemispherectomy,ortheremovalofhalfofhisbrain,whenheturned3.②Theprocedurewasfirstdevelopedinthe1920stotreatmalignantbraintumors.Butitssuccessinchildrenwhohavebrainmalformations,intractableseizuresordiseaseswheredamageisconfinedtohalfthebrain,hasastonishedevenseasonedscientists.Aftertheprocedure,manyofthechildrenareabletowalk,talk,readanddoeverydaytasks.③Now,researchpublishedTuesdaysuggeststhatsomeindividualsrecoversowellfromthesurgerybecauseofareorganizationintheremaininghalfofthebrain.Scientistsidentifiedthevarietyofnetworksthatpickuptheslackfortheremovedtissue,withsomeofthebrain’sspecialistslearningtooperatelikegeneralists.④“Thebrainisremarkablyplastic,”saidDoritKliemann,thefirstauthorofthestudy.“Itcancompensatefordramaticlossofbrainstructure,andinsomecasestheremainingnetworkscansupportalmosttypicalcognition.”⑤Fornow,Mrs.Jonesishappythathersoncanwalkindependently,communicatewithaniPadandeatmealswithoutafeedingtube.【詞匯過關(guān)】請寫出下面文單詞在文章中的中文意思。1.rewire[?ri??wa??]vt.________________________2.remove[r??mu?v]vt.________________________3.learn[l??n]vt.________________________4.condition[k?n?d??(?)n]n.________________________5.abnormally[?b?n??m(?)li]adv.________________________6.anatomical[??n??t?m?k(?)l]adj.________________________7.hemispherectomy[?hemisfi'rekt?mi]n.________________________8.astonish[??st?n??]vt.________________________9.seasoned[?si?z(?)nd]adj.________________________10.reorganization[ri????ɡ(?)na??ze??(?)n]n.________________________11.specialist[?spe?(?)l?st]n.________________________12.generalist[?d?en(?)r(?)l?st]n.________________________13.plastic[?pl?st?k]adj.________________________【詞塊學(xué)習(xí)】請從文章中找到下面中文相對應(yīng)的文詞塊。1.在……之后不久___________________________________________2.惡性腦瘤___________________________________________3.大腦畸形___________________________________________4.頑固性癲癇___________________________________________5.限于___________________________________________6.各種各樣的某物___________________________________________7.收拾爛攤子；替別人做他們應(yīng)該做但沒有做的事___________________________________8.提供補(bǔ)償___________________________________________拓展練習(xí)閱讀理解Dopetshaveapositiveeffectonyourbrainhealth?Anewstudyshowspetownershipislinkedtoaslowerdeclineincognition(認(rèn)知)overtime.AccordingtoastudythatwillbepresentedattheAmericanAcademyofNeurology’s74thAnnualMeetinginApril,owningapet,especiallyforliveyearsorlonger,maybelinkedtoaslowercognitivedeclineinolderadults.“Earlierstudieshavesuggestedthatthehuman-animalbondmayhavehealthbenefitslikedecreasingbloodpressureandstress,”saidstudyauthorTiffanyBraley,MD,MS,oftheUniversityofMichiganMedicalCenterinAnnArborandamemberoftheAmericanAcademyofNeurology.“Ourresultssuggestpetownershipmayalsobeprotectiveagainstcognitivedecline.”Thestudylookedatcognitivedatafrom1,369olderadultswithanaverageageof65whohadgeneralcognitiveskillsatthestartofthestudy.Atotalof53%ownedpets,and32%werelong-termpetowners,whoownedpetsforfiveyearsormore.Oversixyears,cognitivescoresdecreasedataslowerrateinpetowners.Thisdifferencewasstrongestamonglong-termpetowners.“Asstresscanbadlyaffectcognitivefunction,thepotentialstress-reducingeffectsofpetownershipcouldprovidearationalexplanationforourfindings,”saidBraley.“Acompanionanimalcanalsoincreasephysicalactivity,whichcouldbenefitcognitivehealth.Thatsaid,moreresearchisneededtoconfirmourresultsandidentifyunderlyingtheoriesforthisconnection.”Previousstudieshaveshownthatowningpetslowersbloodpressure,reduceschancesofdepressionandloneliness,promoteslivinginthepresentmoment,increasesmobilityandindependenceandeasesanxietyandpain.23.What’sthenewdiscoveryaboutpetownership?A.Itremovesloneliness. B.Itsmoothsawaystress.C.Itdecreasesbloodpressure. D.Itslowsdowncognitivedecline.24.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinparagraph3?A.Petownersandnon-petownersdiffergreatly.B.Thenewfindingsdifferfromthepreviousones.C.Thelongeronekeepsapet,themorebenefitshegets.D.Owningapetcangreatlyincreaseone’sphysicalstrength.25.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A.Possiblereasonsforthefindingsofthestudy.B.Thegreateffortsresearchersmadeforthestudy.C.Somespecificinformationoftheparticipantsinthestudy.D.Thelengthoftimethestudywasplannedtolast.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“rational”inparagraph6probablymean?A.Different. B.Reasonable.C.Casual. D.Immediate.外刊精選答案【詞匯過關(guān)】請寫出下面文單詞在文章中的中文意思。1.rewire[?ri??wa??]vt.重新連接2.remove[r??mu?v]vt.去掉，移除3.learn[l??n]vt.獲悉，得知，了解4.condition[k?n?d??(?)n]n.病，疾??；情況5.abnormally[?b?n??m(?)li]adv.異常地6.anatomical[??n??t?m?k(?)l]adj.解剖的7.hemispherectomy[?hemisfi'rekt?mi]n.大腦半球切除術(shù)8.astonish[??st?n??]vt.震驚9.seasoned[?si?z(?)nd]adj.經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的，老練的10.reorganization[ri????ɡ(?)na??ze??(?)n]n.重組11.specialist[?spe?(?)l?st]n.專才12.generalist[?d?en(?)r(?)l?st]n.通才13.plastic[?pl?st?k]adj.可塑的【詞塊學(xué)習(xí)】請從文章中找到下面中文相對應(yīng)的文詞塊。1.shortlyafter在……之后不久2.malignantbraint