專題24 介詞的句法功能課件中考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)

介詞的句法功能初中英語語法課件英英語語堂堂課課介詞和介詞賓語一起構(gòu)成介詞短語，在句中可以作賓語、定語、表語、補(bǔ)足語和獨(dú)立成分。介詞賓語介詞短語介詞作狀語作定語作表語作賓補(bǔ)獨(dú)立成分

The

post

office

is

just

across

the

street郵局就在街對(duì)面your

help

is

of

great

value

to

us，你們的幫助對(duì)我們很有價(jià)值介詞短語的句法功能介詞短語可以做：狀語:

Thereisaappleonthetable.

動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)等表語:

Theappleisonthetable.

系動(dòng)詞后面定語:

theappleonthetableismine.

名詞后補(bǔ)語:

Puttheappleonthetable.

解釋說明賓語的狀態(tài)

The

post

office

is

just

across

the

street郵局就在街對(duì)面your

help

is

of

great

value

to

us，你們的幫助對(duì)我們很有價(jià)值介詞短語的句法功能SVO+介詞短語SVO+介詞短語

SVO+介詞短語SVO+介詞短語作狀語作定語作補(bǔ)語介詞短語作狀語絕多數(shù)是對(duì)于句子的發(fā)生提供一個(gè)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式或原因。所以有的是時(shí)間狀語，有的是地點(diǎn)狀語、方式狀語或原因狀語。作狀語Becauseofthetraffic,Iwaslateforclass.由于交通擁堵，我上課遲到了。Tenstudentsinourclasswillcelebratetheirfourteenthbirthdays

inOctober.我們班有10個(gè)同學(xué)將在10月份過他們14歲的生日。Therewasagarageattheback.后邊有一個(gè)車庫(kù)。

介詞短語作定語一般是后置定語，就是介詞短語放在名詞的后面，對(duì)前面的名詞起到修飾作用。作定語Thebooksonthetableareinteresting.桌子上的書很有趣。Trees

on

both

sides

of

the

road

are

good

shade.路兩邊的樹是很好的陰涼。Thegirlinredismyeldersister.

穿紅衣服的女孩是我的姐姐。介詞短語作表語非常好識(shí)別，表語的位置就是在系動(dòng)詞的后面，所以我們只要見到系動(dòng)詞就能識(shí)別到表語了。作表語The

post

office

is

just

across

the

street.郵局就在街對(duì)面。your

help

is

of

great

value

to

us.你們的幫助對(duì)我們很有價(jià)值。I'monthetrainnow,headingtowardsthecity.我現(xiàn)在在火車上準(zhǔn)備去城里。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，介詞短語作賓補(bǔ)的時(shí)要放在主謂賓的后面，對(duì)于前面的賓語的狀態(tài)起到描述作用。作賓補(bǔ)Wefound

everything

in

good

condition.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)一切安好。He

helped

the

old

man

across

the

street.她幫助這位老人過馬路。Wefoundherintears.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)她滿臉淚痕。

?介詞短語可以作為獨(dú)立成分出現(xiàn)在句子中，用以提供時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式等背景信息，不與句子其他成分構(gòu)成語法關(guān)系。獨(dú)立成分Inshort,

sheisnotqualifiedforthejob.簡(jiǎn)而言之，她對(duì)這份工作不勝任。Bytheway,wouldyoupleasetellmetheway?順便問一下，你能不能告訴我路往哪走?Asamatteroffact,youaretallerthanhim.事實(shí)上，你比他個(gè)子高。

TIP介詞短語作為獨(dú)立成分時(shí)，位置相對(duì)靈活，但通常位于句首或句末，起到開篇點(diǎn)題或總結(jié)說明的作用。withoutasecondthought,shejumpedintotheicywater

.她毫不猶豫地跳進(jìn)了冰冷的水中。介詞短語作賓補(bǔ)介詞短語作表語介詞短語作定語介詞短語作狀語介詞短語作賓補(bǔ)介詞短語作表語介詞短語作狀語介詞短語作定語Shelefttheballinthegarden.Theballisinthegarden.Theballinthegardenishers.Sheplayedballinthegarden.Don’tletMarygoandkeepherathome.Maryisstillathome.Marygrowsflowersinthegarden.Theflowersinthegardenarebeautiful.two1．Inwhichcountrydopeoplegreetoneanother___akiss_____eachcheek?A．use;in B．use;on C．with;in D．with;onpracticeDtwo2．Weusuallystay_____home_____Saturdayafternoon.A．a(chǎn)t,in B．a(chǎn)t,on C．in,at D．on,onpracticeBtwo3．—InnerMongolialies____thenorthofChina.—Mongolialies_____thenorthofChina.A．on;in B．a(chǎn)t;in C．on;at D．in;onpracticeDtwo4．Thehouse_____abiggardenlooks_____.A．with;beautifully B．has;beautifulC．with;beautiful D．has;beautifullypracticeCtwo5．ZhangY