國際市場營銷學(xué) （原書第18版）測試題Chapter 5 Culture,Management Style,and Business Systems

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InternationalMarketing,18e(Cateora)

Chapter5Culture,ManagementStyle,andBusinessSystems

1)Adaptationrequiresbusinessexecutivestoforsaketheirwaysandchangetolocalcustoms.

2)KylerecentlytransferredtoNorwayandisworkingwithBrittonamarketingidea,buttheirdifferentapproacheshavecreatedaquandary.IfKyledoesn'tunderstandBritt'scustoms,heismorelikelytoevaluateBritt'sbehaviorbyrelyingonwhatisfamiliartoher.

3)Electivesarebusinesscustomstowhichadaptationishelpfulbutnotnecessary.

4)Inordertobesuccessful,abusinessshouldrecognizeandaccommodateanyculturalimperativesassociatedwithaforeignentity.

5)Themajorityofbusinesscustomsfitintotheculturalelectivecategory.

6)The"masterofdestiny"philosophyisbasedontheideathatindividualsarenotincontroloftheirownfuturesbutareatthemercyofdecisionsmadebybusinessandgovernment.

7)TheacceptanceoftheindependententerpriseasaninstrumentofsocialactionisafundamentalconceptofU.S.corporations.

8)Thenotionthatcompetitioniscrucialforefficiency,improvement,andregenerationisfundamentaltoWesternmanagementpractices.

9)HighPowerDistanceIndexcountriesaremoreegalitarianthanlowPowerDistanceIndexcountries.

10)Thethreetypicaldecision-makingpatternsaretop-levelmanagementdecisions,decentralizeddecisions,andcommitteeorgroupdecisions.

11)Family-runbusinessesaremorelikelytofollowthepatternoftop-levelmanagementdecisionmaking.

12)Inthecommitteedecisionsetup,everycommitteemembermustbeconvincedofthemeritsofthepropositionorproductinquestion.

13)Workersincountrieshigherinindividualismandlowerinpowerdistanceshowmorecommitmenttotheircompaniesthanworkersincountrieswithlowerindividualismandhigherpowerdistance.

14)High-contextculturesplacegreatimportanceontheverbalaspectsofcommunication.

15)Businesspeopleinlow-contextculturesusee-mailmoreoftenthanthoseinhigh-contextcultures.

16)MostNorthAmericansoperateonmonochronictime.

17)Polychronictimeischaracterizedby"agreatinvolvementwithpeople."

18)Beingdirectandwantingtogettothepointarecharacteristicsofabusinesspersonwhooperatesinpolychronictime.

19)Currentlyinmostinternationalbusinesses,womenrepresentasmallpercentageoftheemployeeswhoarechosenforaninternationalassignment.

20)Thebusinesscommunity'sdefenseagainstpayoffswasthattheywereawayoflifethroughouttheworld.

21)Thedistinctionbetweenbriberyandextortiondependsonwhethertheactivityresultedfromanofferorfromademandforpayment.

22)Subornationpaymentsaccompanyrequestsforapersontodoajobmorerapidlyormoreefficiently.

23)Theformofbriberyknownaslubricationiscommoninsomecountriesandinvolvesgivingasmallsumofcashoragifttoalow-rankingpublicofficial.

24)Utilitarianethicsistheethicalprinciplethatfocusesontheoptimizationofthe"commongood."

25)WhencomparingperformanceofAmerican,German,andJapanesefirms,inlessindividualisticcultures,laborandmanagementgenerallydonotgetalong.

26)AdistinguishingcharacteristicofthetypeofcapitalismcommoninChinesecultureistheemphasisonguanxiasthecoordinatingprincipleamongfirms.

27)ChineseculturesarehighonPowerDistanceIndexandlowonIndividualism/CollectiveIndex.

28)High-contextculturesscorehighonpowerdistanceandlowonindividualism.

29)Themostmanageriallyusefulaspectofthesynthesisofculturaldifferencesisthatitallowsustomakepredictionsaboutunfamiliarcultures.

30)Japanisconsideredarelationship-orientedculturebecauseitachievesefficiencythroughcompetitionandislinguisticallydirect.

31)Whatisacriterionforadaptationwhendealingwithindividuals,firms,orauthoritiesinforeigncountries?

A)abilitytoresistvaryingtempos

B)zerotolerance

C)hypersensitivity

D)flexibility

E)lackofcuriosity

32)MarileeunderstandsthatifshewantsherU.S.-basedcompanytoflourishinItaly,shemustbetolerantofItaliancustomsandnormsthatmightdifferfromwhatshedealswithintheUnitedStatesandalsobehumbleandnotassumethathercurrentwayofdoingbusinessistheonlywaytodobusiness.WhatcharacteristicisMarileedemonstrating?

A)adaptation

B)dissonance

C)distancing

D)concession

E)empathy

33)Whatarethethreecategoriesofbusinesscustoms?

A)rigid,flexible,andnegotiables

B)internals,externals,andconsensualcustoms

C)imperatives,electives,andexclusives

D)national,foreign,andinternational

E)unilateral,bilateral,andmultilateral

34)ReggieownsasmallstationerycompanyinTennesseeandplanstoentertheFrenchmarkettosellhislineoffinelinenpapers.HerealizesthattherearemanybusinesscustomshewillneedtounderstandandconformtoinordertosucceedinFrance.WhattypeofbusinesscustomisReggieconcernedwith?

A)culturalexclusives

B)businesstruism

C)globalprotocols

D)businessaxioms

E)culturalimperatives

35)Businesscustomsthatmustberecognizedandaccommodatedarecalled

A)imperatives.

B)electives.

C)exclusives.

D)exceptional.

E)constraints.

36)Jennadoesnotdrinkalcoholandwhenshemeetsclientsfordinnersheknowsthatwhiletheclientmightenjoyaglassofwinewiththemeal,sheisnotrequiredto.Whattypeofbusinesscustomdoesthisillustrate?

A)imperatives

B)electives

C)exclusives

D)individualisticaxioms

E)standardizedaxioms

37)Businesscustomsinwhichanoutsidermustnotparticipatearecalled

A)imperatives.

B)electives.

C)exclusives.

D)absolutes.

E)statutes.

38)________wouldmostlikelybecharacterizedasbeinganimperativebusinesscustominmanycultures.

A)Establishingfriendships

B)Knowingtospeakandwritethenativelanguage

C)Adheringtolocalfoodhabits

D)Conformingtothenativereligions

E)Havingknowledgeofthelocalsport

39)ManuelTores,aseniormanageratCrawfordExportLogistics,goestoFrancetonegotiateadealwiththecompany'sFrenchpartners.Hedressescasuallyinat-shirtandjeans.HisFrenchcounterpartscalloffthemeetingandaccusehimoftakingacasualattitudetowardnegotiations.Inthisscenario,dressingformallyduringbusinessmeetingsisprobablyacultural________fortheFrench.

A)imperative

B)elective

C)exclusive

D)oddity

E)rarity

40)NinaMcRidderbecameanembarrassmenttohercompanywhenshejokedabouttherulingmonarchyinEnglandinfrontofagroupofvisitingEnglishbusinesspeople.Sheshouldhaveknownthatpoliticalridiculebyaforeignerisrarelyaccepted.Ms.McRidderhasviolatedwhatisknownasacultural

A)imperative.

B)elective.

C)exclusive.

D)intelligence.

E)standard.

41)WhilebowingtoanotherpersonisaritualamongtheJapanese,itisnotexpectedforaWesternertobowortounderstandthisritual.Inotherwords,bowingwouldbeconsideredacultural

A)elective.

B)stereotype.

C)imperative.

D)rest.

E)exclusive.

42)ThemanagementteamselectedSarahtoattendthemeetingwiththenewforeign-basedcompanybecauseshedemonstratestolerance,caneasilyadjusttochangesinworktempos,andalwayspromotesjusticeandfairness.Sarahhasthequalitiesnecessaryfor

A)dissonance.

B)ethnocentrism.

C)dominance.

D)adaptation.

E)stereotyping.

43)WhichphilosophicalviewofU.S.managementrecognizesthatpeopleinfluencethefuturetoalargeextentandthattheycontroltheirownfates?

A)independententerpriseastheinstrumentofsocialaction

B)widesharingindecisionmaking

C)"masterofdestiny"viewpoint

D)naturalselectiontheory

E)competitionproducingefficiency

44)Accordingtothe"masterofdestiny"viewpoint,whatisonethingthatdeterminesaperson'sdestiny?

A)luck

B)society

C)hardwork

D)familybackground

E)ahigherorder,suchasGod

45)WhichofthefollowingisconsistentwiththeAmericanviewoftheindependententerprise?

A)Acorporationshouldfallunderthecontrolofthestategovernment.

B)Acorporationisanentitythathasrulesandcontinuityofexistence.

C)Thelargestproportionofacorporation'sprofitsmustgotothepersonalfundsofthestakeholders.

D)Acorporation'semployeesmustbeselectedonthebasisofseniorityandnotmerit.

E)Personalrelationshipsaremoreimportantindailylifethanworkandthecompany.

46)InmanycompaniesintheUnitedStates,peoplefeelthatindividualscontroltheirowndestiniesandbecauseofthiscompaniesshouldselectandrewardemployeesbasedon

A)merit.

B)efficiency.

C)payment.

D)nepotism.

E)familybackground.

47)AdamSmithinhisTheWealthofNationsstated,"Bypursuinghisowninteresthefrequentlypromotesthatofthesocietymoreeffectuallythanwhenhereallyintendedtopromoteit."Whatbehaviordoesthisnotionattempttojustify?

A)collectivism

B)loyalty

C)welfarementality

D)competitiveness

E)cooperation

48)Thenotionthat________iscrucialforefficiency,improvement,andregenerationisfundamentaltoWesternmanagementpractices.

A)insolvency

B)procrastination

C)liquidation

D)competition

E)complacency

49)TheJensenfamilyhasownedJensen'sCountryFurnishingssince1987andDeloresandFrankJensen,grandparentsandfounders,makeallofthebusinessdecisions.Whattypeofdecision-makingpatterndoesthisreflect?

A)committee

B)diffusedmanagement

C)decentralizedmanagement

D)nonhierarchical

E)top-levelmanagement

50)Asbusinessesgrowandprofessionalmanagementdevelops,thereisashifttowardwhatformofdecisionmaking?

A)authoritariandecisionmaking

B)decentralizedmanagementdecisionmaking

C)hit-or-missdecisionmaking

D)tentativedecisionmaking

E)experimentaldecisionmaking

51)Acharacteristicofcommitteedecisionmakingisthat

A)itisonlyfoundinsmallbusinesses.

B)thecommitteesalwaysoperateonadecentralizedbasis.

C)itisbasedonrankandhierarchy.

D)itisrarelyemployedinAsiancountries.

E)itisbygrouporconsensus.

52)WhichformofbusinessdecisionmakingispredominantinmostAsiancountries?

A)independentdecisionmaking

B)contractualdecisionmaking

C)authoritariandecisionmaking

D)groupdecisionmaking

E)dictatorialdecisionmaking

53)In________decisionmaking,titleorpositiongenerallytakesprecedenceovertheindividualholdingthejob.

A)committee

B)decentralized

C)top-levelmanagement

D)integrated

E)dictatorial

54)CompaniesinthemorehierarchicalcountriesofFranceandItalytendtohavestrongpaternalisticorientations,whichmeansthat

A)itisassumedapersonwillworkforonecompanyduringtheirlifetime.

B)allemployeesarefamilymembersorclosefamilyfriends.

C)decisionsaremadefromthetop-down.

D)theyaremonopolieswithoutanycompetition.

E)theyaremoreheavilyinfluencedbythegovernment.

55)Inhisstudyonthepersonallivesofprofessionals,DavidMcClellandfoundthatinancientGreeceworkwasconsidered

A)moreimportantthanfamilyandhome.

B)anecessarycomponenttohavingahappypersonallife.

C)equaltoandjustasimportantashavingafulfillingpersonallife.

D)anundesirablefactorthatgotinthewayofagoodpersonallife.

E)theultimatereward.

56)Researchhasshownthatcommitmentofworkerstotheircompaniestendedtobehigherincountries

A)higherinindividualismandlowerinpowerdistance.

B)higherincollectivismandlowerinindividualism.

C)lowerinindividualismandhigherinpowerdistance.

D)higherinpowerdistanceandhigherinindividualism.

E)higherincollectivismandhigherinpowerdistance.

57)AccordingtoMaxWeber,atleastpartofthestandardoflivingintheUnitedStatestodaycanbeattributedtothe

A)hard-workingProtestantethic.

B)creatorsoftheConstitution.

C)Pearlharborbombing.

D)AfricanAmericanpopulation.

E)slavelaborthatformedthebasisforearlyindustry.

58)Whichformofcommunicationismoreimportantinalow-contextculture?

A)explicit

B)nonverbal

C)contextual

D)face-to-face

E)gesture-based

59)Accordingtothehigh-context/low-contextcontinuumidentifiedbyEdwardT.Hall,communicationinalow-contextculturedependson

A)thecontext.

B)whosaysit.

C)whenitissaid.

D)howitissaid.

E)theverbalexpression.

60)FredrickKeeble,anAmericanmanager,tookhisSwissclientoutforatraditionalAmericandinner.Theclientdidnotseemtoeatmuch.Afterdinner,heaskedhisclientifhehadenjoyedthedinner.Whichofthefollowingresponseswouldindicatethattheclientcomesfromalow-contextculture?

A)No,Ididnotlikethefood.

B)Yes,butitwasalittletoooily.

C)No,dinnerwasgoodbutIhaveanupsettummy.

D)Yes,itwaslovely,thanks.

E)Yes,unfortunatelyIwasnotveryhungry.

61)Itisestimatedthat78percentoftoday'swebsitecontentiswritteninEnglish,yetnoteverypersonintheworldcanreadorunderstandEnglish.Whatsolutiondoesthetextsuggesttomakewebsitecontentmoreuniversal?

A)usingminimaltonolanguageonwebsitesinsteadofusinggraphicsanddiagramstoconveymessages

B)usinglanguagetranslationsoftwaretotranslatecommunicationinalllanguages

C)havingcountry-specificwebsitessothateveryonecancommunicateintheirownlanguage

D)usingforeignlanguageblockingsoftwaretoscreeninternationalcommunications

E)trainingemployeestovirallycommunicateinalllanguagesusedbyforeigncustomers

62)FranceishigheronHofstede'sPowerDistanceIndex(PDI)thantheUnitedStatesandformalityisevidentinFrenchbusinesses.WhichofthefollowingAmericanbusinesspracticeswouldbemostunacceptabletotheFrench?

A)slippingincolloquialFrenchwordsduringbusinessmeetings

B)tryingtoemulatetheFrenchwayofbusinessthinking

C)showingenthusiasmatbusinessnegotiations

D)usingfirstnamesinbusinessencounters

E)exhibitingstubbornnesswhilenegotiating

63)________isprobablythemostcommonmistakeofNorthAmericansattemptingtotradeintheMiddleEast.

A)Acceptingdrinkswhenoffered

B)Interactinginformally

C)Actinghastily

D)Attemptingtospeakthelocallanguage

E)Dressingcasually

64)A________timesystemtypifiesWesterncultureslikemostNorthAmericans,Swiss,Germans,andScandinaviansandcausesthemtoconcentrateononethingatatime.

A)polychronic

B)bimodal

C)dual

D)monochronic

E)collectivistic

65)________timeismoredominantinhigh-contextculturesandprovidestimeforrelationshipstobuild.

A)Polychronic

B)Exponential

C)Polynomial

D)Monochronic

E)Sequence

66)Whatisacharacteristicofapolychronictimeschedule?

A)looserstandardsofbeingontime

B)getstraighttothepoint

C)morestrictscheduling

D)concentrateononethingatatime

E)promptnessatalltimes

67)PeopleinBrazildescribethemselvesaslatearrivers,allowgreaterflexibilityindefiningearlyandlate,arelessconcernedaboutbeinglate,andaremorelikelytoblameexternalfactorsfortheirdelay.WhichsystemoftimedotheBrazilianpeoplemostlikelyoperateon?

A)polychronic

B)monochromatic

C)monotheismic

D)monochronic

E)sequence

68)WhencomparedtopeopleoperatingonP-time,peopleoperatingonM-time

A)followloosertimeschedules.

B)aremoredeeplyinvolvedwithindividuals.

C)arenotboundbydeadlinesandtimeschedules.

D)aremorelikelytoblameexternalfactorsfortheirlateness.

E)tendtoconcentrateononethingatatime.

69)ThemarketingorientationatKBKomponentsisbasedonthebeliefthatconsumersandbusinessesalikewillnotbuyenoughwithoutsomeproddingonthepartofthecompany.Whichmarketingorientationdoesthisdemonstrate?

A)distribution

B)buying

C)production

D)time

E)selling

70)AtNortonManufacturingCorporation,itisbelievedthatconsumerswantproductsthatprovidethebestqualityandhaveinnovativefeatures.Whichmarketingorientationdoesthiscompanyuse?

A)directorientation

B)productorientation

C)logisticsorientation

D)productionorientation

E)sellingorientation

71)Whenconsideringtheroleoftimeinbusiness,whichofthefollowingistrueofP-timeandM-time?

A)TheAmericandesiretogetdowntobusinessisamanifestationofaP-timecultureascontrarytoJapan'sM-timeapproach.

B)TheM-timesystemgivesrisetoloosertimeschedules,unlikeP-time.

C)M-timeischaracterizedbythesimultaneousoccurrenceofmanythings,unlikeP-time.

D)Asglobalmarketsexpand,morebusinesspeoplefromP-timeculturesareadaptingtoM-time.

E)ContrarytoP-timebusinesspeople,interruptionsareroutineforM-timebusinesspeople.

72)WhichofthefollowingbestexplainsthelowpercentageofwomenchosenforinternationalassignmentsintheUnitedStates?

A)Theroleofwomenashomemakersandcaregiversdoesnotallowforinternationalassignments.

B)Menaregenerallymoreinterestedtotakeupinternationalassignmentsthanwomen.

C)PrejudicefacedbyAmericanwomenexecutivesinforeign,male-dominatedsocietiesisexaggerated.

D)Thereisawidespreadbeliefthattraditionalrolesofwomeninmale-dominatedsocietiesprecludewomenfrombeingsuccessfulinthesesocieties.

E)Expensesinvolvedinsendinganunmarriedwomenexecutiveabroadarefarhigherthantheexpensesincurredinsendingamarriedmanwithfamily.

73)WhilemostEuropeancountriesarecomparabletotheUnitedStatesintermsofthenumberofwomeninmanagerialpositions,________standsoutasthecountrythatisdrasticallydifferentwithonly13percentofmanagementjobsheldbywomen.

A)Italy

B)France

C)Germany

D)Britain

E)Switzerland

74)KennethisabankexecutiveandwhenoneofhiscustomersoffershimboxseatstoaChicagoCubsgameheknowshecannotacceptthembecauseitisnotappropriatetodoso.However,insomecountriesoftheworldthisgiftwouldbeperfectlyacceptable.Thisreflectsadifferencein

A)intellectualpropertylaws.

B)grants-in-aid.

C)tariffrestrictions.

D)businessethics.

E)ethnocentrism.

75)Whichorganizationconductsaninternationalsurveyofbusinesspeople,politicalanalysts,andthegeneralpubliconcorruptionandcompilestheCorruptionPerceptionIndex(CPI)?

A)OrganizationofAmericanStates(OAS).

B)AmnestyInternational.

C)OxfamInternational.

D)TransparencyInternational(TI).

E)CAREInternational.

76)WhatistrueofthefindingsofTransparencyInternational'sCorruptionPerceptionIndex(CPI)?

A)lowerlevelsofbriberyhavebeenfoundinnationswithacommunistpast.

B)higherlevelsofbriberyhavebeenfoundinlow-powerdistancenations.

C)higherlevelsofbriberyhavebeenfoundinlow-incomenations.

D)lowerlevelsofbriberyhavebeenfoundincollectivisticcultures.

E)lowerlevelsofbriberyhavebeenfoundinpoornations.

77)MarcusisthedirectorofasmallcompanyinBoston.HeistryingtoobtainpartsfromamanufacturerinTaiwanbutthatcompanyisunwillingtosendthembecauseofgovernmentregulationslimitingexportsonsmallorders.Marcuscallstheheadofthemanufacturingcompanyandsayshewillpayhimanextra$5,000ifheshipsthemanyway.WhatpracticeisMarcususingtoobtaintheparts?

A)extortion

B)slander

C)barter

D)libel

E)bribery

78)Academicstudiesofthecausesandconsequencesofbribery,conductedbyTransparencyInternational(TI),indicatecorruptionisgreaterin

A)highincomenations.

B)democraticratherthancommunistnations.

C)countrieswithhighindividualism.

D)countrieswithlowPowerDistanceIndex.

E)collectivisticnations.

79)WhichaspectofJapaneseculture,predictedbymanytofavorbribery,makesJapan'ssuccessinreducingcorruptionmoreremarkable?

A)relationship-orientation

B)mechanisticinclination

C)patriarchalnature

D)information-orientation

E)taskorientation

80)________occurswhenpaymentsareextractedunderduressbysomeoneinauthorityfromapersonseekingonlywhatheorsheislawfullyentitledto.

A)Extortion

B)Subordination

C)Lubrication

D)Perjury

E)Bribery

81)________involvesarelativelysmallsumofcash,agift,oraservicethatisintendedtofacilitateorexpeditethenormal,lawfulperformanceofadutybyanofficial.

A)Extortion

B)Ransom

C)Lubrication

D)Shakedown

E)Exaction

82)Thefinanceministerofadevelopingcountrydemandsaheavypaymentfortheapprovalofamultimilliondollarcontractwithaforeigncompany.Thisdemandforthelumpsumpaymentiscalled

A)extortion.

B)subornation.

C)lubrication.

D)larceny.

E)malfeasance.

83)________generallyinvolvesgivinglargesumsofmoney—frequentlynotproperlyaccountedfor—designedtoenticeanofficialtocommitanillegalactonbehalfoftheoneofferingthebribe.

A)Agentcharges

B)Lubrication

C)Extortion

D)Subornation

E)Ransom

84)Kimisthedirectorofoperationsathercompanyandhiresanagenttoobtainalicensetobuildawarehouseinanindustrialdistrict.Theagentgetscaughtofferingabribetoagovernmentofficialforissueofthelicense.WhichofthefollowingdescribesKim'sliabilities?

A)Themanagerisnotliablesincetheuseofanagentabsolvesherofanyresponsibility.

B)Themanagerisliablesincetheagentusedpartofherfeesforbribery,althoughthemanagerwasunawareoftheagent'sintentions.

C)Themanagerisnotliableiftheagentcanprovethatextortion,ratherthanbribery,tookplace.

D)Themanagerisliableifshewas