專題03 中考非謂語動詞考點-2023年江蘇省中考英語二輪復習基礎(chǔ)知識過過過+高分題型練練練

專題03中考非謂語動詞考點我們把在句子當中起名詞、形容詞或副詞作用，充當謂語之外的其它句子成分的動詞稱為非謂語動詞。一、非謂語動詞共分為三種：1.動詞不定式（to+動詞原形）可用作名詞、形容詞或副詞。2.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞由“動詞原形+ing”構(gòu)成；過去分詞有”動詞原形+ed”構(gòu)成）可用作形容詞或副詞(現(xiàn)在分詞:表主動,進行;過去分詞:表被動,完成)。3.動名詞（動名詞由“動詞原形+ing”構(gòu)成”）可用作名詞或形容詞。二、非謂語動詞的作用不定式1、作主語（it做形式主語,注意for/ofsb區(qū)別)It’sveryexcitingtohaveaChinesefriend.It’simportanttoeatabalanceddiet.Ittakesabout25minutestowalk.It'sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.It'sveryniceofyoutohelpme.2、作賓語(總結(jié)后接不定式做賓語的動詞:ask,decide,expect,learn,manage,plan,refuse,want)Ihopetohaveamorecomfortablebed.Hedecidestobuyanotherpairoftrainersforhisdaughter.Atlast,thechildrenmanagedtoentertheroom.Iwanttolearnaboutart.在find,think后用it做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放在句末。e.g.:Ifindithardtounderstandthepassage.Ithinkitinterestingtoreadthisbook.Thesechildrenmayfindithardtothinkforthemselves.3、作表語Perhapsoneofthemostpolitewaysistoasksomeone,“WouldyouminddoingthisorWouldyoumindnotdoingthat.”4、作定語BridgeStreetisagoodplacetohavefun.Letmetellyouthewaytomyhouse.Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?Thereisnothingtoworryabout.(worryaboutnothing)Haveyougotanythingtosay?(saysomething)5、作賓語補足語Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.此處toturndowntheradio為賓語him的補足語，turndown這個動作由he來做，是邏輯上的主語。這類動詞一般可以分為三類：1)實義動詞一些動詞只能用動詞不定式做賓語補足語:tell,ask,want,allow,wouldlike,encourage,invite,need,tell,advise等。OurEnglishteacherencouragesustoreadloudlyinthemorning.2)感官動詞和使役動詞有些感官動詞和使役動詞如hear,watch,see,notice,make,let,have等后跟動詞不定式作賓語補足語時常常省去不定式符號to.Isawhimgointotheclassroomjustnow.但將此句改為被動句時，省去的不定式符號to應(yīng)加上。Weseealotofboysplaybasketballintheafternoon.→Alotofboysareseentoplaybasketballintheafternoonbyus.Thestrictfathermakesthechildrendohouseworkeveryday.→Thechildrenaremadetodohouseworkbythestrictfathereveryday.3)help動詞help比較特殊，后跟不定式作賓語補足語時，既可帶to,也可不帶to。e.g.:Theboyaskedhisfathertohelphim(to)workouttheproblem.6、作狀語通常情況下，動詞不定式在句子中充當：1)目的狀語：一般置于句末或句首，用來表示做某事的目的，通常todo可以用inorderto進行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換；IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.(表示目的)=IwenttothelibraryinordertostudyEnglish.=To/InordertostudyEnglish,Iwenttothelibrary.2)結(jié)果狀語：一般置于句末，用來表示做事的結(jié)果，初中常見的句型有：too…to…;enough..to..Shearrivedattheairporttofindthetrainhadleft.Theyoungmanwasnotstrongenoughtocarrytheheavybag.=Theyoungmanwastooweaktocarrytheheavybag.7、與特殊疑問詞構(gòu)成復合賓語decide，findout，forget，know，learn，remember，wonder等動詞常接“疑問詞+動詞不定式”這個結(jié)構(gòu)，用作賓語。疑問詞一般是what，who（m），where，how，whether，whichIdon’tknowwheretogo.Hecan’tdecidewhattobuy.Wewonderhowtodealwithit.不定式的否定形式Mymotheralwaystellsmenottostayoutlate.too......to.......太...以至于不能...動名詞1.動名詞作主語(謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式)Eatingdangshenandhuangqiherbsisalsogoodforthis.Knockingintoplayersandfallingdownwouldbedangerous2.動名詞作賓語①enjoy/practice/endup/finish/consider/keep/bebusy/imagine/mind②thanksfor/beusedto/prefer…to…/payattentionto/begoodat/lookforwardto/havedifficulty(in)/havetrouble(in)/haveconfidence(in)Doyoumindopeningthewindow?MyfatherenjoyswatchingTV.注意:有些動詞即可用動名詞作直接賓語，也可以用不定式作直接賓語，兩者有著截然不同的意義。（1）like，love，prefer，hate......等表示喜愛、厭惡、偏好的情感動詞，后跟不定式表示“僅一時的愛憎情感或指特定或具體某次行為”；后跟動名詞表示“抽象性的一種傾向、愛好或習慣性的動作”。2)動詞remember，forget，stop，continue,goon，try，can'thelp,regret等既能以動詞不定式又能以動名詞作賓語，但表達的意思卻不同。與動詞不定式連用時，表示未完成的動作。remembertodo(記住去做) rememberdoing(記得做過)forgettodo(忘記去做) forgetdoing(忘記做過)trytodo(設(shè)法做) trydoing(試著做)goontodo(接著做另一事) goondoing(繼續(xù)做同一事)stoptodo(停下來去做) stopdoing(停止做)can’thelptodo(不能幫助做) can’thelpdoing(情不自禁做)3）動詞need,require,beworth之后動名詞的主動語態(tài)含有被動的意思，相當于不定式的被動語態(tài)。Myhairneedscutting.現(xiàn)在分詞1．現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(表示動作正在發(fā)生，與被修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系)Lookatthisgroupofpeopleplayingbeachvolleyball!Theremustbesomethingvisitingthehomesinourneighborhood.2．現(xiàn)在分詞作表語Myhobbyiscollectingoldcoins.3.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補see，hear，watch，noticeIsawtheyplayingfootballontheplaygroundyesterday.過去分詞1．過去分詞作定語(與其修飾詞之間是動賓關(guān)系且過去分詞表示的動作已經(jīng)完成含有被動意義)DavidSmithofNorthLondonhasapot-belliedpignamedConnie.2．被動語態(tài)由be+動詞過去分詞構(gòu)成Whenwasitinvented?中考非謂語動詞常考考點：1.

it作形式主語、形式賓語的用法2．感官動詞后不定式作賓語補足語和動詞ing形式作賓語補足語的用法；3．動詞不定式與疑問代詞和疑問副詞的連用4．一些特殊動詞的動詞不定式作賓語補足語時不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時就要帶to；5．有些動詞既可接不定式也可接動詞ing形式作賓語，但表達的意思不同。常考的后跟動詞不定式和動名詞搭配的結(jié)構(gòu)：動詞后面+doingsthfinish/keep/practise/mind/enjoy/spend/suggest/like/love/hate;can'tstop;can’thelp(情不自禁)havedifficulty(trouble/problem)bebusybeworthprefer...to..../lookforwardto/beusedto(習慣于)/payattentionto/devote...to...haveagoodtime/havefun;spendtime...;stop/keep/preventsb.(from)What/Howabout...動詞后面+todoagree/learn/hope/wish/plan/decide/choose/wouldlike/seem/invite/fail/promise/afford/seem

have/has(no)time...tryone'sbest;can'twait;thefirst...;havenochoicebut....;adj/adv+enough...It's+adj+(for/ofsb)+....It'stime...;

Thereisnoneed...havesb.dosth.,havesb.doingsth.和havesth.done的區(qū)別：1.havesb.dosth.意為“讓某人做某事”，have可以用let,make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具體動作，且強調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成或尚未發(fā)生。Thesoldiershadtheboystandwithhisbacktohisfather.士兵們讓這個男孩背對著他的父親站著。2.havesb.doingsth.意為“讓某人一直做某事”,have可以用keep代替，現(xiàn)在分詞doing這個動作往往具有持續(xù)、進行的含義。Thetwomenhadtheirlightsburningallnightlong.那兩個人讓燈通宵亮著。3.havesth.done意為“讓某事被（別人）做”，即asksb.todosth.過去分詞(done)這個動作由他人（非主語本身）來完成，含有被動意義且強調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成。Thedriverhadhiscarwashedonceaweek.那位司機每周讓人洗一次車。Myhairistoolong.I’llhaveitcuttomorrow.我的頭發(fā)太長了。明天我要請人理發(fā)了?！纠}精講】1.HewantstohavehisTV________.A.repairing B.repaired C.torepairD.toberepairing2.Theworkershadthemachines_______(run)allnightlongtofinishtheworkontime.3.Peopleinthesouthhavetheirhouses______(make)ofbamboo.【答案】B,running,made【課堂練習】動詞填空1.Itismyjob_________(introduce)thefilmstarsfromTaiwanontheshow.2.Itisdifficult_____them____thecharitywalkwithoutteamspirit.A.for;tofinish

B.of;tofinish

C.for;finishing

D.of;finishing3.Theboyisoftenheardinthemusicroom.Hesingsverywell.A.practicesinging B.topracticesingingC.practicedsinging D.practicingsinging4.Tomoftenmakeshisbrother__butyesterdayhewasmade____byhisbrother.A.cry;tocry B.tocry;cry C.cry;cry D.tocry;tocry5.Thethiefwasnoticed_____theofficebuildingbythebackdooronthescreen.A.enter B.enterinto C.toenter D.toenterinto6.Weshouldthinkaboutwhatwecando_________(keep)animalsandplantsfrombecomingendangered.7.Howkindyouare!Youalwaysdowhatyoucan_________me.A.help B.helping C.tohelp D.helps8.Whenyoutravelabroad,youcanhardlyavoid_______productsmadeinChina.A.tobuyB.buyC.buyingD.bebought9.-Wearenowbusy________(prepare)fortheSeniorHighSchoolEntranceExamination.-Isee,justtakeiteasy.10.___________(repair)myTVsetcostme100yuan.11.WhenIwalkedpastthepark,Isawsomeoldpeople________ChineseTaiji.A.do B.did C.doingD.aredoing12.Ifoundaletter______onthefloorwhenIcameintotheclassroom.A.lying B.lay C.lie D.lies13.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfinedifheisfound_______.(smoke)14.Justthenheheardsomeone______(call)forhelp.【答案】tointroduce;A;B;A;C;tokeep;C；C；preparing；Repairing；C；A；smoking；calling單項選擇

1.---Wouldyoulike____orshallwegobybus?---Iprefer___,butwehavetotakeataxi,fortimeisshort.A.walking;towalkB.towalk;walkingC.towalk;towalk D.walk;walk2.Eachofusislookingforward___agoodresult.Let'sdoitmorecarefully.A.toget B.forgetting C.togetting D.getting3.Tonyusedtotoschool,butheisusedtotoschoolnow.A.walk;takingabus B.walked;takeabus C.walk;takeabus D.walking;totakeabus4.---Dad,whymustIstop______computergames?---Foryourhealth,myboy.A.play B.toplay C.toplaying D.playing5.---IwillgotoHarbinformysummervacation.Whataboutyou?---Ihaven’tdecidedwhere________.A.go B.went C.going D.togo6.---Excuseme.Couldyoutellme______gettothenearestpostoffice?---Sorry,Iamnewhere.A.howcanI B.howIcould C.howto D.whatIcan7.Ihaven’tdecidedwhen________aholidayyet.A.took B.taking C.totake D.take8.Theoldladydidn'tknow_________whenthehousecaughtfire.A.howtodo

B.howtodoit

C.whattodo

D.whattodoit9.Mytoothhurts.Ihavenochoicebut______________outtomorrow.A.tohavemybadtoothpull B.havemybadtoothpulledC.havemybadtoothpull D.tohavemybadtoothpulled10.Oneofthebiggestaimsinlife__________newchallenges.You’dbettergetready.A.istotakenon B.aretotakeoffC.istakeon D.aretakeoff11.Heused______________ontheleftintheUK,butnowheisused____________ontheright.A.todrive;todrive B.todrive;driving C.todriving;todrive D.todrive;todriving12.---WherewasBettyhalfanhourago?---She_____________tennisontheplayground.A.sawtoplay B.wasseenplayingC.wasseentoplay D.sawplaying13.Thecomputerrequires__________.IthinkIneed___________toaskMr.Zhangforhelp.A.fixing;going B.tofix;goingC.fixing;togo D.tofix;togo14.Doyouthinkitwouldbegreattohaverobots_____________examsforus?A.taken B.taking C.totake D.take15.NowmanypeopleinWuxiprefer_________theiroldhouse_________anew