蘭州市2022高考英語閱讀理解和短文改錯自練(6)及答案

閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文,從給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項。GETYOURDEGREEATHOME!HaveyoueverwonderedwhataDegreemightbeworthtoyouinyourjoborcareer(事業(yè))?ItmeansalotofAmericanswithanAssociateDegreeaveragenearly$10,000moreinyearlyearningsthanthosewithjustaHighSchoolDiploma(畢業(yè)證).HarcourtLearningDirectoffersyouawaytogetaSpecializedAssociateDegreein11oftoday’sgrowingfields-withouthavingtogotocollegefulltime.WithHarcourt,youstudyathome,inyoursparetime-soyoudon’thavetogiveupyourpresentjobwhileyoutrainforabetterone.ChoosefromexcitingmajorslikeBusinessManagement,Accounting,Dressmaking＆Design,Bookkeeping,Photography,ComputerScience,Engineering,andmore!Yourtrainingincludeseverythingyouneed!Books,lessons,learningaids-evenprofessional-qualitytoolsandequipment-everythingyouneedtomasteryourtrainingandmoreaheadtoanewcareerisincludedinthelowtuition(學(xué)費)priceyoupay.Youreducationisnationallyrecognized!Nearly2,000Americancompanies-includingGeneralElectric,IBM,Mobile,GeneralMotors,Ford,andmanyothers-haveusedourtrainingfortheiremployees.Ifcompaniesliketheserecognizethevalueofourtraining,youcanbesurethatemployeesinyourareawill,too!Earnyourdegreeinaslittleastwoyears!Getacareerdiplomainjustsixmonths!Thecareerofyourdreamsiscloserthanyouthink!Evenifyouhavenoexperiencebefore,youcangetvaluablejobskillsintoday’shottestfields!Step-by-steplessonsmakelearningeasy.Prepareforpromotions(提升),payraises,evenstartabusinessofyourown!SendtodayforFREEinformationaboutHarcourtathometraining!Simplyfillinyournameandaddressonthecoupon(票券)above.Thenwriteinthenameandnumberoftheoneprogramyou’remostinterestedin,andmailittoday.We’llrushyourfreeinformationabouthowyoucantakeadvantageoftheopportunities(機會)inthefieldyou’vechosen.Acttoday!Mailcoupontoday!Orcallthenumberbelow1-800-372-1589.Callanytime,24hoursaday,7daysaweek.www.Harcourt-learning.comE-mail：Harcourt＠learning.com.1.Thisadvertisementaimsatcallingonpeopleto________.A.attendfull-timeuniversitiesB.workparttimetofurthertheireducationC.improvetheireducationathometogetbetterjobsD.earntheirdegreesindifferentwaysthatsuitthem2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTclearlymentionedinthisadvertisement?A.Thewayhowyouwillgetyourdegree.B.Tuitionprice.C.Thehotfieldsyouwillbepreparingyourselffor.D.Thelengthoftimeitwilltakeyoutogetadegree.3.WhatdoesthewriterofthisadintendtosaybynamingGeneralElectric,IBM,Ford,etc.?A.Toshowthattheirtrainingiswidelyusedinthecountry.B.ToshowthatthetrainingprogramisfullysupportedbyfamouscompaniesintheU.S.C.Toprovethevalueoftheirtrainingineveryarea.D.Toshowtheimportanceofgettingrecognizedbythemostfamouscompanies.4.Itseemstothewriterthatthegreatestattractionforpeopletotaketheirtrainingis______.A.itsconvenienceB.thedegree’snation-widerecognitionC.theeconomicbenefit(利益)itwillbringaboutD.thehotfieldsthetrainingwillhelppeopletoenter5.HowmanywaysarementionedintheadforpeopletogetintouchwiththeHarcourtLearningDirect?A.One.

B.Two.

C.Three.

D.Four.文章是一則業(yè)余培訓(xùn)班的招生廣告。1.C。推理推斷題。依據(jù)WithHarcourt,youstudyathome,inyoursparetimesoyoudon’thavetogiveupyourpresentjobwhileyoutrainforabetterone(你可以在家，業(yè)余時間接受培訓(xùn)…)可知答案選C。2.B。事實細節(jié)題。文章中提到…inthelowtuitionpriceyoupay，但沒說具體多少學(xué)費，故答案選B。3.C。推理推斷題。從Youreducationisnationallyrecognized和Ifcompaniesliketheserecognizethevalueofourtraining,youcanbesurethatemployeesinyourareawill,too!可知答案C正確。4.C。推理推斷題。從Prepareforpromotions,payraises,evenstartabusinessofyourown可推知答案C正確。5.D。事實細節(jié)題。文章共提到四種聯(lián)系方式：(1)sendingtodayforFREEinformation(2)fillthecoupon(3)mailcoupon(4)call，即答案選D。閱讀理解。You’veseennewsreportsaboutpeoplewhoneedhelpafteraflood.Maybeyou’vewalkedpastpeoplewhoaresleepingonthestreets.Orperhapsyou’vewatchedTVprogramsabouthowlonelyolderpeoplecanget.Sowhatcanyoudoaboutanyofthosethings?Theanswer:Youcanvolunteer(做志愿者).Volunteeringisagreatwaytolearnnewskills—fromworkingaspartofateamtosettingandreachinggoals.Itgivesyouachancetofindoutwhatkindsofthingsyou’regoodatandenjoythemost.Volunteeringcanprovideyouwithasenseofresponsibilitybecausepeoplereallydependonyou.Anditcanhelpyouunderstanddisabled(殘疾的)people,sickkids,ortheelderly.Volunteeringhelpspeoplefeeltheydohavethepowertochangethingsforthebetter.Whenpeopledependonyou,itcanchangethewayyoulookatyourself,andthisisthemainreasonthatmakesvolunteeringattractive.Youcanfeelproudofthegoalsthatyou’veachieved(實現(xiàn))foracharityorganization(慈善組織)—whetherit’shelpingtoorganizea10Ktoraisemoneyforlungcancerorrunningtheraceitself.Sometimesit’seasytofeelworriedaboutyourgradesorthefightyouhadwithyourfriendorparents.Andalthoughthesethingsareveryimportantintheirownway,sometimesitcanbehelpfultogetsomedistanceandthinkaboutotherthings.Volunteeringallowsyoutodothis.Itletsyoufocusonothersthatareworthdoing.Finally,volunteeringcanhelpsaveyoufrombeingbored—itgivesyouaplacetobewhereyoucanhaveagoodtimeandkeepbusy.1.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatvolunteering____.A.isthebestwaytofindoutyourinterestsB.mainlyhelpstheoldandthepoorpeopleC.makessurevolunteerswillgetagoodjobinthefutureD.canhelpvolunteerschooseajobthattheyreallylikeinthefuture2.Today,mostpeoplevolunteermainlyforthepurposeof______.A.makingthemselvesfamousandpopularB.knowingtheirvaluebyhelpingothersC.increasingtheirknowledgeandlearningskillsD.helpingpeopleoutoftrouble3.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“a10K”(Paragraph3)probablyreferto?A.Acharityorganization.B.Avolunteergroup.C.A10-kilometerrace.D.Apoliticalactivity.4.Thepurposeofthepassageisto________.A.talkaboutthedifficultiesofvolunteeringB.talkabouthowtomakelifemeaningfulC.tellreadershowtovolunteer D.talkabouttheadvantagesofvolunteering【參考答案】1---4、DBCD閱讀下列短文,從給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項。體裁：記敘文話題：語言學(xué)習(xí)時間：8分鐘IpreferLynneTruss'sphraseology:Iamagrammar“stickler”．And，likeTruss—authorofEats，Shoots&Leaves—Ihavea“zerotolerance”approachtogrammarmistakesthatmakepeoplelookstupid.Now，TrussandIdisagreeonwhatitmeanstohave“zerotolerance”．Shethinksthatpeoplewhomixupbasicgrammar“deservetobestruckbylightning，hackeduponthespotandburiedinanunmarkedgrave”，whileIjustthinktheydeservetobepassedoverforajob—eveniftheyareotherwisequalifiedfortheposition.Everyonewhoappliesforapositionateitherofmycompanies，iFixitorDozuki，takesacompulsorygrammartest.Ifjobhopefulscan'tdistinguishbetween“to”and“too”，theirapplicationsgointothebin.Ofcourse，wewriteforaliving.iFistheworld'slargestonlinerepairmanual(指南)，andDozukihelpscompanieswritetheirowntechnicaldocumentation，likepaperlessworkinstructionsandstep-by-stepusermanuals.So，itmakessensethatwe'vemadeastrongstrikeagainstgrammarerrors.Butgrammarisrelevantforallcompanies.Yes，languageisconstantlychanging，butthatdoesn'tmakegrammarunimportant.Goodgrammariscredibility，especiallyontheInternet.And，forbetterorworse，peoplejudgeyouifyoucan'ttellthedifferencebetween“their”“there”and“they're”．Goodgrammarmakesgoodbusinesssense—andnotjustwhenitcomestohiringwriters.Writingisn'tintheofficialjobdescriptionofmostpeopleinouroffice.Still，wegiveourgrammartesttoeverybody，includingoursalespeople，ouroperationsstaff，andourprogrammers.Grammarsignifiesmorethanjustaperson'sabilitytorememberhighschoolEnglish.I'vefoundthatpeoplewhomakefewermistakesonagrammartestalsomakefewermistakeswhentheyaredoingsomethingcompletelyunrelatedtowriting—likestockingshelvesorlabelingparts.Itisthesamewithprogrammers.Applicantswhodon'tthinkwritingisimportantarelikelytothinklotsofotherthingsalsoaren'timportant.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】作者敘述了自己對語法錯誤的態(tài)度以及正確運用語法的重要性。1．TheauthoragreeswithLynneTrussonthat______.A．grammarmistakescan'tbetolerantB．booksongrammarmakepeoplestupidC．peopleneedtolearnbasicgrammarD．grammarmistakesareabsolutelyunavoidable解析細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段其次句可知，作者和LynneTruss一樣，對語法錯誤都有一套“零容忍”策略，故選A項。答案A2．What'stheauthor's“zerotolerance”approachtothesejobseekerswhomixupbasicgrammar?A．Theyshouldbeleftoutforajob.B．Theyhavetocorrecttheirmistakes.C．Theyaren'tqualifiedfortheirjobs.D．Theymustbeseverelypunished.解析細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“whileIjustthinktheydeservetobepassedoverforajob—eveniftheyareotherwisequalifiedfortheposition”可知，作者認為這些犯基礎(chǔ)語法錯誤的求職者不應(yīng)被錄用。答案A3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEofiFixitandDozuki?A．Onlyoneofthemhasacompulsorygrammartest.B．Theyarecompanieswhereonelearnsgrammar.C．Grammarisquiteimportantfortheirexistence.D．Theydependongrammarcorrectionforaliving.解析細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段至第六段內(nèi)容，作者對每位員工都進行語法測試，由于正確的語法對作者的兩個公司格外重要。答案C4．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Companiesgivinggrammartestsmayhavenogoodbusinesssense.B．Grammarbecomesunimportantaslanguageisconstantlychanging.C．A“zerotolerance”approachtogrammarerrorsmightseemalittleunfair.D．Peoplewhopayattentiontowritingmaypayattentiontootherthings.解析細節(jié)理解題。文章最終一段指出，在語法測試中出錯少的人在做與寫作無關(guān)的事情時錯誤也少，由此可見，那些重視寫作的人，同樣會重視其他事情。答案D閱讀下列短文,從給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項。體裁：說明文話題：公民科學(xué)時間：7分鐘Citizenscienceisatermusedforprojectsorongoingprogramsofscientificworkinwhichindividualvolunteersornetworksofvolunteers，manyofwhommayhavenospecificscientifictraining，performormanageresearch-relatedtaskssuchasobservation，measurementorcomputation.AnexampleofcitizenscienceisaprojectcalledProjectBudBurst.Overthepastsixgrowingseasons，ProjectBudBursthasusedthousandsofvolunteerobservers.Theyrecordwhenlocalplantsdeveloptheirleaves，flowersandfruit.Theobservationsgointoahugedatabase.Thenplantscientistscanstudythedatatolookforchangesovertime.ProjectdirectorSandraHendersonsaysparticipatorysciencelikethisisanideathatisgrowingquickly.Forexample，peoplewhoenjoyastronomycanobservechangesinthebrightnessofastar.PeoplecanexaminesatelliteimagesofEarthtolookforsiteswherearcheologistsmightfindthelosttombofGenghisKhan，theMongolianwarriorandruler.Orsomeoneinterestedinorcawhalescanlistentounderwatermicrophonesandletresearchersknowwhenthewhalesarepresent.ThousandsofAmericansandCanadiansvolunteeredtocountbirdsthispastmigrationseasonaspartofProjectFeederWatch.Anotherareawherecitizensciencehasgrownisintestingwater.AmandaBrunercoordinatesSoundCitizen，aprojectbasedattheUniversityofWashingtoncampusinTacoma.ItkeepstrackofpollutantsinPugetSound.Somepeople，includingscientists，stillquestionwhetheraveragecitizenscancollectreliabledata.Newdigitaltoolscanhelpsettlequestionsaboutdataquality，andmakeiteasierforpeopletotakepartincitizenscience.Publichealthresearchisanotherareawhereaveragecitizensaregettinginvolved—insomecases，whetherresearcherslikeitornot.Theideaisforthepublictohaveavoiceinhowpublichealthstudiesaredone.Thereisevenasayingforthiskindofactivism：“Nomoreresearchaboutuswithoutus.”【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文屬于科普類說明文，主要介紹了公民科學(xué)的含義以及人們對它的看法。1．Whoaretheparticipantsinvolvedincitizenscience?A．Professionalscientistswhohaveretired.B．Thepublicshowinginterestinsomescienceprojects.C．Citizenswhohavespecificscientifictraining.D．Studentswantingtobescientists.解析細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，公民科學(xué)的參與者是對一些科學(xué)項目有愛好的民眾，他們中很多人并沒有接受過特定的培訓(xùn)。故B項正確。答案B2．Accordingtothepassage，ifyouareinterestedinplants，youmaytakepartin______.A．ProjectBudBurstB．ProjectFeederWatchC．SoundCitizenD．publichealthresearch解析細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Theyrecordwhenlocalplantsdeveloptheirleaves，flowersandfruit...Thenplantscientistscanstudythedatatolookforchangesovertime.”可知答案為A。答案A3．FromParagraph3，wecaninferthat______.A．citizensciencedevelopsquicklyandincludesmanyfieldsB．thereisnoneedforprofessionalscientiststodoresearchC．observationistheonlymethodtodocitizenscienceD．citizensciencehasgrownintestingwater解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段末尾句和第三段所述內(nèi)容可推知，citizenscience進展快速且所涉領(lǐng)域很廣，故A項正確。D屬于明示信息，不屬于推論。答案A4．Whatcanhelpgetreliabledataincitizenscience?A．Specificscientifictraining.B．Moreparticipationofthepublic.C．Greatersocialsupport.D．Newdigitaltools.解析細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段最終一句“Newdigitaltoolscanhelp...takepartincitizenscience.”可知答案為D。答案D【長難句解讀】原文Citizenscienceisatermusedforprojectsorongoingprogramsofscientificworkinwhichindividualvolunteersornetworksofvolunteers，manyofwhommayhavenospecificscientifictraining，performormanageresearch-relatedtaskssuchasobservation，measurementorcomputation.譯文公民科學(xué)用于指那些處理科學(xué)工作的工程或持續(xù)進行的項目，參與其中的是一些個人志愿者或志愿者群體，他們中很多人可能沒有經(jīng)過特定的科學(xué)訓(xùn)練，而執(zhí)行或者管理與科學(xué)爭辯有關(guān)的一些任務(wù)，如觀看、測量或計算。分析定語從句“inwhichindividualvolunteersornetworksofvolunteers...orcomputation”為限制性定語從句，修飾“projectsorongoingprogramsofscientificwork”，這肯定語從句的主語“individualvolunteersornetworksofvolunteers”又被manyofwhom引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句修飾。短文改錯文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（＼）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一個橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。留意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；只允許修改10處，多者（從十一處起）不計分。IwatchTVuntil12o’clock,soIcouldn’tgoovermylessons.ThismorningIgotupverylatethatIhadtogotoschoolwithoutbreakfastinhurry,butIwasstilllateforthefirstclass.WhenIenteredtheclassroom,themathsteacherhadtostopexplainanimportantproblem,andalltheeyeswerefixeduponme.Myfaceturnedred.SomethingevenworsewashappenedtomeinEnglishclass.Theteacheraskedmerecitethetext.However,Icouldsaynothingandsorry,forIdidnotspendsometimepreparingmylessons.Theteacherlookedatmewithhiscoldlyeyes.Istoodatmybenchwithoutdaringtoraisemyhead.HowaterribledayIhad!Iwillneverdoanythinglikethis.【參考答案】4.IwatchTVuntil12o’clock,soIcouldn’tgoovermylessons.ThismorningIgotupverylatewatchedsothatIhadtogotoschoolwithoutbreakfastin∧hurry,butIwasstilllateforthefirstclass.WhenaIenteredtheclassroom,themathsteacherhadtostopexplainanimportantproblem,andalltheexplainingeyeswerefixeduponme.Myfaceturnedred.Somethingevenworsewashappenedtomein去掉Englishclass.Theteacheraskedme∧recitethetext.However,Icouldsaynothingandsorry,fortobutIdidnotspendsometimepreparingmylessons.Theteacherlookedatmewithhiscoldlyeyes.Ianycoldstoodatmybenchwithoutdaringtoraisemyhead.HowaterribledayIhad!IwillneverdoWhatanythinglikethis.5.短文改錯假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號（^），并在此符號下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（＼）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。留意：1．每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2．只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。Asweknow,whenseniorstudentsfinishtheirschool,mostoftheirreferencebooksarethrownaway,whicharestillingoodconditions．Whatagreatwasteitis!Isuggestedthatweshouldrecycleallthisbooks．Ontheonehand,recyclingthemcansavealotofnaturalresources,whichareusedtomaketextbooks．Ontheotherhand,thenotesonthebooksarehelpfultowhoeverneedthem．Infact,recyclingtextbookshasbeenincreasingpopularinsuchcountriesasAmericaandAustralia．Weshouldlearnfromth