【魯贛】2014版英語《高考專題輔導(dǎo)》專題檢測卷(二十七)-閱讀理解

溫馨提示：此套題為Word版，請按住Ctrl,滑動(dòng)鼠標(biāo)滾軸，調(diào)整合適的觀看比例，答案解析附后。關(guān)閉Word文檔返回原板塊。專題檢測卷(二十七)閱讀理解（建議用時(shí)：25分鐘）A體裁談?wù)撐脑掝}性格和行為的成因詞數(shù)369(2021·濰坊模擬)Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.It’snoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestion.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.Theargumentisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoasnaturevs.nurture.Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredetermined(注定)tosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts(本能).Proponentsofthe“nurture”theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,behaviorists,claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Behavioristsseehumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.Theirviewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic;theymaintainthat,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuli(somethingthathelpssb./sth.todevelopbetterandmorequickly)asthebasisoftheirbehavior.Thesocialandpoliticalconnectionsofthesetwotheoriesaresignificant.IntheUnitedStates,forexample,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligenttest.Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallyworsethanwhites.Behaviorists,incontrast,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesameresponsesthatwhitesdo.Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.Infact,itisquitelikelythatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Thattheargumentwillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.1.Theauthorismainlyconcernedaboutsolvingtheproblem.A.whyourpersonalitiesandbehaviorsdifferB.whatmakesdifferentstagesofintelligenceC.howsocialscientistsformdifferenttheoriesD.whatcausesthe“nature/nurture”argument2.Theunderlinedword“proponents”canbestbereplacedby.A.approaches B.advocatesC.principles D.characters3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmaybesupportedbythe“nature”school?A.Wearebornwithcertainpersonalitiesandbehaviors.B.Environmenthasnothingtodowithourpersonalities.C.Abilitiesandcharacteristicsareshowedbybehaviors.D.Onlyextremebehaviorsaredeterminedbyinstincts.4.Whatcanwelearnaboutthebehaviorists?A.Theybelievehumanbeingsaremechanical.B.Theycompareourbehaviorstothemachines.C.Theysuggestthatwereacttotheenvironmentasthemachinesdo.D.Theyagreethatthemechanistictheorycanbeappliedonusaswell.5.The“nature”theoristsbelievethattheblacks’lowscores.A.aretheresultoftheeducationaldisadvantagesB.areadisplayoftheblacks’poorintelligenceC.havenothingtodowiththeirtrueintelligenceD.havenothingtodowithfactorsotherthanheredityB體裁談?wù)撐脑掝}訓(xùn)練孩子詞數(shù)291Whenachildistoldheis“uncool”,itcanbeverypainful.Hemaysayhedoesn’tcare,andevenactinwaysthatareoppositeofcoolonpurpose.Butthesearesimplywaystohandlesadnessbypretendingit’snotthere.Helpingachildfeelbetterinschoolhadtobecareful.Ifyousay,“Whyareyouworriedaboutwhatotherchildrenthinkaboutyou?Itdoesn’tmatter!”Childrenknowthatitdoesmatter.Instead,anactivewaymaybebest.Youcouldsay,“I’mgoingtodoacoupleofthingsforyoutohelpyoufeelbetterinschool.”Ifaboyishavingtroublemakingfriends,theteachercanhelphim.Theteachercanarrangethingssothathehaschancestousehisabilitiestocontributetoclassprojects.Thisishowtheotherchildrenlearnhowtovaluehisgoodqualitiesandtolikehim.Ateachercanalsoraiseachild’spopularityinthegroupbyshowingthathevaluesthatchild.Itevenhelpstoputhiminaseatnexttoaverypopularchild,orlethimbeapartnerwiththatchildinactivities,etc.Therearethingsthatparentscandoathome,too.Befriendlywhenyourchildbringsothershometoplay.Encouragehimtoinvitefriendstomealsandthenservethedishestheyconsider.Whenyouplantrips,picnics,movies,andothershows,inviteanotherchildwithwhomyourchildwantstobefriends.Whatyoucandoisgivehimachancetojoinagroupthatmaybeshuttinghimout.Then,ifhehasgoodqualities,hecanstarttobuildarealfriendshipofhisown.6.Achildwhohasbeeninformedofbeing“uncool”may.A.carenothingaboutitB.dosomethinguncoolonpurposeC.developasenseofangerD.pretendtogethurtverymuch7.Ateachercanhelpanunpopularchildby.A.seeingthechildastheteacher’sfavoriteB.askingthechildtodosomethingforpartnersC.forcingotherchildrentomakefriendswiththechildD.offeringthechildchancestoshowhisgoodqualities8.Howcanparentshelptheirchildfitinbetter?A.Bycookingdeliciousfoodforhim.B.Bybeingkindtohisschoolmates.C.Byforcinghimtoinvitefriendshome.D.Bytakinghimtohavepicnicsinthepark.9.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Childrendon’tcareothers’commentsonthem.B.It’sonlyteacher’sworktomakechildrenpopular.C.Parentsshouldtaketheirchildrenoutforpicnicsandshowsmoreoften.D.Invitingchildren’sfriendstofamilyactivitiesisgoodforthemtomakefriends.10.Thetextismainlyabout.A.howanunpopularchildcanbehelpedB.whysomechildrenareunpopularC.whatgoodqualitiesunpopularchildrenhaveD.whocareaboutunpopularchildrenC體裁記敘文話題奴隸制度詞數(shù)463IgotyourletterandwasgladtofindthatyouhadnotforgottenJourdon,andthatyouwantedmetocomebackandlivewithyouagaininTennessee,promisingtodobetterformethananybodyelsecan.AlthoughyoushotatmetwicebeforeIleftyou,Ididnotwanttohearofyourbeinghurt.ItwoulddomegoodtogobacktothedearoldhomeagainandseeAllen,Esther,Green,andLee.Givemylovetothemall,andtellthemIhopewewillmeetinthebetterworld,ifnotinthis.Iwanttoknowparticularlywhatthegoodchanceisyouproposetogiveme.IamdoingtolerablywellhereinOhio.Igettwenty-fivedollarsamonth,withfoodandclothing;haveacomfortablehomeforMandy,thefolkscallherMrs.Anderson;andthechildren—Milly,Jane,andGrundy—gotoschoolandarelearningwell.TheteachersaysGrundyhasaheadforapreacher.Wearekindlytreated.Now,ifyouwillwriteandsaywhatwagesyouwillgiveme,Iwillbebetterabletodecidewhetheritwouldbetomyadvantagetomovebackagain.Wehaveconcludedtotestyoursinceritybyaskingyoutosendusourwagesforthetimeweservedyou.Thiswillmakeusforgetandforgiveoldscoresandrelyonyourjusticeandfriendshipinthefuture.Iservedyoufaithfullyforthirty-twoyears,andMandytwentyyears.Attwenty-fivedollarsamonthforme,andtwodollarsaweekforMandy,ourearningswouldamounttoeleventhousandsixhundredandeightydollars.Addtothistheinterestforthetimeourwageshavebeenkeptback,anddeduct(扣除)whatyoupaidforourclothing,andthreedoctor’svisitstome,andpullingatoothforMandy.Ifyoufailtopayusforfaithfullaborsinthepast,wecanhavelittlefaithinyourpromisesinthefuture.Inansweringthisletter,pleasestateiftherewouldbeanysafetyformyMillyandJane,whoarenowgrownup,andbothgood-lookinggirls.Iwouldratherstayhereandstarve—anddie,ifitshouldcometothat—thanhavemygirlsbroughttoshamebytheviolenceandwickednessoftheiryoungMasters.Youwillalsopleasestateiftherehasbeenanyschoolsopenedforthecoloredchildreninyourneighborhood.Thegreatdesireofmylifenowistogivemychildrenaneducationandhavethemformvirtuoushabits.SayhowdytoGeorgeCarter,andthankhimfortakingthepistolfromyouwhenyouwereshootingatme.11.Accordingtothepassage,theletterwaswrittenbyJourdontohisformer.A.friend B.masterC.neighbor D.relative12.WhichofthefollowingisRIGHTaccordingtothepassage?A.ThefamilynameofthisletterwriterisAnderson.B.ThewriterispaidthesameashewasinTennessee.C.Thewriterwillcertainlygetatleast11,680dollars.D.Safetyratherthaneducationweighsalottothewriter.13.Thewriter’sdescriptionofhispresentsituationimpliesthat.A.heshowshisintentionofgoingbackinTennesseeB.heissomewhatricheranddoesnotneedtogobackC.hislifeisrelativelygoodbutstillneedsimprovementD.heisnotalittlesatisfiedwithhispresentlifeinOhio14.Thepurposeofthewriter’saskingforhispaybackis.A.toshowheneedsthatamountofmoneyurgentlyB.toshowheisdeterminedtogetwhathedeservedC.totestwhethertheletterreceiverisworthyoftrustD.totelltheletterreceiverhestillhasfaithinhim15.Fromthepassage,wecanseethewriterisvery.A.wise B.stupidC.greedy D.generous【拓展訓(xùn)練】閱讀A篇,仿寫句子。1.很難解釋他為什么會愛上那個(gè)矮小的女孩。(it作形式主語)__________________________________________________2.正如我們預(yù)料的那樣,他成功了。__________________________________________________3.很可能成功的關(guān)鍵在于你的態(tài)度。(it’slikelythat...)__________________________________________________答案解析A1.【解析】選A。主旨大意題。首段首句指出作者要爭辯的問題,其次段開頭從兩個(gè)方面解釋該問題,末段是總結(jié)段,由此看來,首段首句和末段首句提到的人類行為是本文的中心內(nèi)容,因此答案為A。2.【解析】選B。詞義猜想題。依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容,我們可以推斷proponent應(yīng)指人,指這兩種理論的支持者,只有advocates“擁護(hù)者”符合這種推想,故選B。3.【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段首句的largelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactors和末句的governedbyourinstincts都表明“天性論”派會認(rèn)同A項(xiàng)的看法,故選A。4.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題實(shí)際上考查對第四段末句的正確理解。原文該句中的likemachines,humansrespond...表明作者并非單純把人類比作機(jī)器,而是把人類對環(huán)境的反應(yīng)與機(jī)械對環(huán)境的反應(yīng)做對比,由此可見,C為正確的理解。5.【解析】