Unit-1-People-of-Achievement-A卷知識通關(guān)練(解析版)

選擇性必修Book1Unit1PeopleofAchievementA卷·知識通關(guān)練一、詞匯與短語I.重點詞匯默寫1.cruciala.至關(guān)重要的;關(guān)鍵性的2.malarian.瘧疾3.vitaladj必不可少的;極其重要的;充滿生機的4.committedadj.盡心盡力的;堅定的;堅信的5.commitv.承諾;保證(某個人、機構(gòu)等)vi.忠于;全心全意投入6.commitoneselftodo承諾;保證(做某事、遵守協(xié)議或安排等7.academicadj.學(xué)業(yè)的;學(xué)術(shù)的8.objectiven.目標(biāo);目的adj.客觀的9.botanicaladj.植物學(xué)的10.evaluatevt.評價;評估11.propertyn.性質(zhì);特征;財產(chǎn)12.distinctadj.清晰的;清楚的;有區(qū)別的13.extractn.提取物;摘錄vt.提取;提煉;摘錄;(用力)拔出14.obtainvt.(尤指經(jīng)努力)獲得;贏得vi.(規(guī)章、習(xí)俗等)存在;流行15.acknowledgevt.承認(rèn)(屬實、權(quán)威等);(公開)感謝16.defeatn.失敗;挫敗vt.擊敗;戰(zhàn)勝17.analysev.分析18.apparentlyadv.顯而易見;看來;顯然19.insistvi.＆vt.堅持;堅決要求II.拓展詞匯變形1.committedadj.盡心盡力的；堅定的；堅信的→commitvt.承諾；保證(某個人、機構(gòu)等)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活動等)→commitmentn.投入；承諾2．conclusionn.結(jié)論；推論→concludev.下結(jié)論；得出結(jié)論3．a(chǎn)cknowledgevt.承認(rèn)(屬實、權(quán)威等)；(公開)感謝→acknowledgmentn.承認(rèn)(屬實、權(quán)威等)；(公開)感謝4．gentleadj.溫柔的；文靜的→gentlyadv.溫柔地；溫和地5．boilvt.&vi.(使)沸騰；煮開；燒開n.沸騰；沸點→boiledadj.煮開的→boilingadj.沸騰的6．remarkableadj.非凡的；顯著的→remarkablyadv.驚人地→remarkv．&n.談?wù)摚辉u論7．consequencen.結(jié)果；后果→consequentadj.隨之發(fā)生的；作為結(jié)果的→consequentlyadv.結(jié)果；因此8．evaluatevt.評價；評估→evaluationn.評價；評估9.apparentlyadv.顯而易見；看來；顯然→apparentadj.顯而易見的；明顯的10．graduallyadv.逐漸地；逐步地→gradualadj.逐漸的11．a(chǎn)nalysevt.分析→analystn.分析師；分析家→n.分析→(pl.)analyses12．scientificadj.科學(xué)(上)的；關(guān)于科學(xué)的→scientificallyadv.合乎科學(xué)地→sciencen.科學(xué)→scientistn.科學(xué)家13．vitaladj.必不可少的；極其重要的；充滿生機的→adv.極其14．theoryn.理論；學(xué)說→theoreticaladj.理論上的15．novelistn.小說家→noveln.(長篇)小說16．politiciann.從政者；政治家；政客→politicsn.政治→politicaladj.與政治有關(guān)的17．relativityn.相對論；相對性→relativeadj.相對的n.親戚→relatev.敘述；使有聯(lián)系；有關(guān)聯(lián)18.infervt.推斷；推定→inferencen.推斷；推論→/inferred/inferring(過去式/過去分詞/現(xiàn)在分詞)19．passionn.酷愛；激情→passionateadj.熱情的；狂熱的20．a(chǎn)cademyn.(藝術(shù)、文學(xué)、科學(xué)等的)研究院；學(xué)會；專科院?！鷄cademicadj.學(xué)業(yè)的；學(xué)術(shù)的→academicallyadv.學(xué)業(yè)上；學(xué)術(shù)上21.botanicaladj.植物學(xué)的→botanyn.植物學(xué)22．objectiven.目標(biāo)；目的adj.客觀的→objectn.物體v.反對→(反)subjectiveadj.主觀的23．distinctadj.清晰的；清楚的；有區(qū)別的→distinctiveadj.獨特的；特別的；有特色的→distinctionn.清楚；清晰III.核心短語互譯1.makeadiscovery

做出發(fā)現(xiàn)2.payattentionto

注意;重視3.formabetterimpressionof

形成更好的印象4.beawardedtosb.

被授予給…5.leadto

導(dǎo)致；通向6.hundredsofthousandsof

幾十萬；無數(shù)7.millionsof

成千上萬的...；無數(shù)的...8.diefrom

死于；因…而死9.becomeavitalpartof

成為…的重要組成部分10.graduatefrom

從…畢業(yè)11.formateamof

組成…的團隊12.withtheobjectiveof(doing)

以(做)…為目的13.inthebeginning

開始，開端；起初14.becometheheadof

成為…的首領(lǐng)/負責(zé)人15.inthefightagainst

在與…對抗/斗爭中16.suggestdoingsth

建議做某事17.extractfrom

從…提取/摘錄18.acollectionof

一批，一些19.trydoingsth

嘗試做某事20.getstuck

進入僵局,被卡住21.acknowledgedefeat

承認(rèn)失敗，服輸22.bychance

偶然；意外地23.drawout

抽出，提取24.insistedondoingsth

堅持做某事25.testthemedicineonsb

在某人身上試驗這種藥26.makesure

確信；證實27.accordingto

根據(jù)，按照；取決于；據(jù)…所說28.teameffort

團隊合作，團隊努力的結(jié)果29.otherthan

除了；不同于30.relateto

涉及，有關(guān)IV.根據(jù)漢語提示用本單元詞匯的正確形式填空Faradaywastheinventor(invent)oftheelectricgeneratorandelectricmotor.Faraday’sfathersufferedfromlongtimehealthproblems，asaresultofwhichhisfamilyhadlittlemoneytoaffordhisformalschooling.Buthewascuriousanddeterminedtolearn.Whileworking(work)inLondonasateenager，hehadachancetoreadvarious(vary)booksthathecouldgethishandson.In1812，heattendedfourlecturesattheRoyalInstitutiongivenbyafamouschemistnamedHumphreyDavy.AyearlaterFaradaywasaccepted

(accept)asDavy’slabassistant.DavyalsotookFaradayonan18monthtourofEurope，whereFaradaymetsomeofthemostfamousscientistsoftheday.ButforDavy，F(xiàn)araday

wouldhavelost(lose)theopportunitytogainacompletescientificeducation.Hesoonbegantodoexperiments(experiment)withelectricity.In1831，hediscoveredelectromagneticinduction.AndforthenexteightyearsFaradayworkedlonghoursinthelab，whichdidharmtohishealth.Bytheendofthedecadehewasinsuchpoorhealththathisresearchdidnotbeginagainuntil1845.Inthemid1850s，hewasforcedtoretireandhelivedatHamptonCourtuntilhisdeathonAugust25,1867.二、句式與篇章I.教材原句補全1.In1967,theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria,andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearcherschosen.1967年，中國政府成立了一支科學(xué)家團隊，旨在發(fā)現(xiàn)新型抗瘧疾療法，屠呦呦入選首批研究人員。2.Fromtheirresearch,theydiscoveredandtested380distinctancientChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstmalaria.通過研究，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)并測試了380種不同的有望戰(zhàn)勝瘧疾的古代中醫(yī)療法。3.Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood,andusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreatmalaria,butthisdidnotworkeither.Theirprojectgotstuck.However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.之后他們嘗試水煎新鮮青蒿葉，用熬出的液體治療瘧疾，但是依舊無效。他們的項目陷入了僵局。然而，屠呦呦并不認(rèn)輸。4.

AccordingtoTuYouyou,thediscoveryofartemisininwasateameffort.UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid,

“Thehonorisnotjustmine.Thereisateambehindme,andallthepeopleofmycountry.ThissuccessprovesthegreatvalueoftraditionalChinesemedicine.ItisindeedanhonorforChina’sscientificresearchandChinesemedicinetobespreadaroundtheworld.據(jù)屠呦呦所說，青蒿素的發(fā)現(xiàn)式團隊共同努力的結(jié)果。獲悉自己被授予諾貝爾獎時，她說：“這份榮譽不僅僅屬于我。我的身后是一個團隊以及全國人民。這項成功印證了傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)藥的巨大價值。中國的科學(xué)研究和中醫(yī)藥得以在全世界傳播確實是一個榮譽?！盜I.單句語法填空1．ItoccurredtomethatIcouldaskmycousintohelpmeobtain(獲得)avisa.2．Sheacknowledged(承認(rèn))havingbeencheatedinthemarket.3．Itisdifficulttoevaluate(評估)thedamagetothisvillage.4．Hesitsdownandanalyses(分析)whyshefeelssoupset.5．Hepaused，apparently(顯然地)lostinthoughtstaringatthebook.6．She

insists（堅持）thatIgotothelibrarywithher.7．Althoughhiswifeisyoung，shehasmadewonderfulscientific

（科學(xué)的）discoveries.8．Readingisofvital（必要的）importanceinlanguagelearning.9．Hecaresabout（關(guān)心）nobodybuthimselfinthetriptoQingdao.10．Agroupofthievesrobbedthebankofmillionsof（百萬）dollars.11．Manypeople_diedfrom（死于）cholerainEuropeinthelastcentury.12．Onemaymakeamistakebychance（偶然）butonecan’tmakemistakesallhislife.13．Ithinkitisunwisethatthecompanyinsistson（堅持）thehighprice.14．Sheiscommittedto（專注于）thecareofthepatients.15．Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief_beingcaught

_(catch)．16．Hewasapparently(apparent)muchsurprisedatthenews.17．Ourleaderinsistedthatwe(should)carry(carry)itout.18．Someofthepeopleinvited(invite)tothepartycouldn’tcome.19．Helearnedthedistinctions

_(distinct)betweengoldandlead.20．Thismaterialisveryrareandisalsohardtoobtain

(obtain)．21．Theoldmanismorethanourteacher；he’salsoourfriend.22．Scientific_(science)researchshowsthatwomentendtosurvivetheirhusbandsby5－10years.23．ZhangGuimei,acommittededucator,committedherselftoeducation.Hercommitmentwaspraisedbypeople.(commit)24．HeacknowledgedthatTomhadhelpedhimalotsohewrotealetterinacknowledgementofhishelp.(acknowledge)25．Asachild,heshowedgreatinterestinscienceandwantedtobeascientist.Nowheiscommittedtodoingscientificresearches.(science)26．Theyconcludedthatthenewvirusism