謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)【高效課堂精研】 中考英語語法專題突破課件 （廣東）

專題二動詞第3講謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空?；仡檮釉~的被動語態(tài)在教材中的用法。1.Hefounditinterestingthatsomanyproductsinthelocalshops___________(make)inChina.(RJ9全U5)溫故知新：“主語＋was/were＋done”表示一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。weremade2.AprilFool'sDay_________(happens/ishappened)onApril1steveryyear.(RJ9全U12改編)溫故知新：不及物動詞happen沒有被動語態(tài)。happens()Whenheturnedseven,hegot￡7aweek.Nowattheageoffifteen,he________￡15everyweek.

(2024廣東語法選擇)A.givesB.isgivenC.isgivingB點(diǎn)撥：考查動詞。由句意“現(xiàn)在他十五歲了，他每周被給15英鎊”可知，主語he與動作give之間是被動關(guān)系，該句時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，故用isgiven。廣東省卷近5年中考統(tǒng)計(jì)情況考點(diǎn)年份題型20242023一般現(xiàn)在時語法選擇(32)isgiven考點(diǎn)年份題型20242023一般過去時語法選擇(33)wereinvited考點(diǎn)年份題型202220212020一般過去時語法選擇(37)wereasked(39)wereinvited(39)wereinvented被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)例子一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are＋doneThedesksaremadeinChina.(肯定句)Thedesksaren'tmadeinChina.(否定句，在am/is/are后加not)ArethedesksmadeinChina？(一般疑問句,把a(bǔ)m/is/are提至句首)一般過去時(5年4考)was/were＋doneThebuildingwasbuilttenyearsago.(肯定句)Thebuildingwasn'tbuilttenyearsago.(否定句，在was/were后加not)Wasthebuildingbuilttenyearsago?(一般疑問句，把was/were提至句首)一般將來時will＋be＋done

Anewschoollibrarywillbebuiltnextyear.(肯定句)Anewschoollibrarywon'tbebuiltnextyear.(否定句，在will后加not)Willanewschoollibrarybebuiltnextyear?(一般疑問句，把will提至句首)

一般將來時am/is/aregoingto＋be＋done

Anewschoollibraryisgoingtobebuiltnextyear.(肯定句)Anewschoollibraryisn'tgoingtobebuiltnextyear.(否定句，在am/is/are后加not)Isanewschoollibrarygoingtobebuiltnextyear?(一般疑問句，把a(bǔ)m/is/are提至句首)含有情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞＋be＋doneStudentsshouldbeallowedtousemobilephonesatschool.(肯定句)Studentsshouldn'tbeallowedtousemobilephonesatschool.(否定句，在情態(tài)動詞后加not)Shouldstudentsbeallowedtousemobilephonesatschool?(一般疑問句，把情態(tài)動詞提至句首)被動語態(tài)的使用方法1.由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的方法。

(1)把原主動句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z。

(2)把動詞變?yōu)楸粍有问?，即be＋過去分詞，并注意

其人稱和數(shù)要跟隨主語變化，而動詞的時態(tài)則保

持不變。＋

＋

.(主動語態(tài))(3)原主動句的主語如需要可放在by后面，并以它的賓格

形式出現(xiàn)(代詞的賓格)，如不需要可省略。(4)其他的成分(定語、狀語)不變。例如：WeboughtsomebooksSomebooks＋

＋.(被動語態(tài))____boughtbyuswere2.被動語態(tài)的使用情況。

在被動語態(tài)中，主語是動作的承受者，主要用于下列

幾種情況：

(1)不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。例如：

ThiswatchismadeinChina.

這塊手表是中國制造的。(2)沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者。例如：

Smokingisn'tallowedinthegasstation.

加油站里不允許抽煙。(3)強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動作的承受者。例如：

Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleinthe

world.

世界上越來越多的人說漢語。(強(qiáng)調(diào)漢語使用廣泛)1.含有使役動詞或某些感官動詞的被動語態(tài)。常用的使役動詞make，let，have等及感官動詞

see，hear，watch，notice等在表達(dá)主動意義時，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)是make/see/hear/watch/noticesb.dosth.，賓語補(bǔ)足語為不帶to的不定式，被動語態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)但在被動語態(tài)中要把to加上，即sb.bemade/seen/heard/watched/noticedtodosth.。例如：(1)Hemademedothework.他讓我做這項(xiàng)工作。

(主動，do前沒有to)

→Iwasmadetodothework.我被派去做這項(xiàng)工作。

(被動，do前加上to)(2)TomsawLucywatertheflowerslastnight.

→Lucywasseentowatertheflowerslastnight.(3)Theyheardhimsingsongsintheroomlastnight.

→Hewasheardtosingsongsintheroomlastnight.

判斷含有使役動詞或某些感官動詞的被動語態(tài)中究竟有沒有to,其實(shí)有個竅門：使役動詞或感官動詞前有be，則有to；無be，則無to。2.雙賓句的被動語態(tài)。例如：MymothergivesLily

apen．Lilyisgivenapenbymymother.ApenisgiventoLilybymymother.間接賓語直接賓語3.感官動詞(look，smell，taste，feel，sound等)用主動

結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動。

例如：

Theflowersmellsnice.

/Thecaketastesdelicious.

/

Thewatchlooksbeautiful.4.不及物動詞(happen,takeplace,breakout,cost等)沒有

被動語態(tài)。

例如：

GreatchangesweretakenplaceinChina.(×)

→GreatchangestookplaceinChina.(√)5.某些與well,badly,easily,smoothly等副詞連用的不及

物動詞，表示物體的某種屬性特征，不用被動語態(tài)。

常見的詞有sell,wash,write,read,open,lock等。

Thenewsmartphonesellsverywell.

這款新的智能手機(jī)賣得很好。

Thesweaterwasheseasily.這件毛衣很容易洗。Thepenwritessmoothly.這支筆寫字很流暢。Thepassagereadssmoothly.這篇文章讀起來很流暢。Thedoorlockseasily.這扇門很容易鎖。6.許多由不及物動詞構(gòu)成的短語，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，

動詞后的介詞或副詞不可省略。

Youshouldtake

care

ofthechildren.

→Thechildrenshould

be

taken

care

of．7.want/need/require＋doing＝want/need/require＋tobe

done(tobedone是不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu))。

Mybikeisbroken.Itneeds

repairing.

→Mybikeisbroken.Itneeds

to

be

repaired．8.beworthdoing中，doing表示被動含義。

Thisfilmis

worth

watching.這部電影值得一看。一、語法鞏固。1.Thisrestaurant_______(islooked/looks)interesting.

(RJ9全U3)2.—Howcleantheroadsare!—They__________(arecleaned/cleaned)bythehard-workingcleanerseveryday.looksarecleaned3.Jack_________(seen/wasseen)towalkintothelibrarylastevening.wasseen二、微語境練。根據(jù)提示，用單詞的正確形式填空。Paper-making(造紙術(shù))1._____________(invent)byancientChinese.Thenit2._____________(improve)severaltimes.Paper-making3.________(show)thegreatwisdom(智慧)ofancientChinesepeopleandhasspreadtomanycountriesallovertheworld.wasinventedwasimprovedshows一、被動語態(tài)在語法選擇中的運(yùn)用。

分析廣東省卷近5年中考真題可知，在語法選擇中，被動語態(tài)考查5次，2024年考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，2020～2023年考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。學(xué)生在做題時需注意以下兩點(diǎn)：(1)判斷主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系是主動還是被動；(2)判斷被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化：聯(lián)系上下文，確定被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)；助動詞be要在人稱和數(shù)上與主語保持一致。Basketballisamuch-lovedandactivesportthatisenjoyedbymanypeopleforfunandexercise.Itisover100yearsoldandit1.____________bymorethan100millionpeopleinover200countries.()1.A.playB.playedC.isplayed語境分析法CisplayedItisbelievedthatthefirstbasketballgameinhistoryappearedonDecember21,1891.Thenin1936inBerlin,itbecameaneventattheOlympics.Basketball2.______________byaCanadiandoctornamedJamesNaismith,whowasbornin1861.()2.A.inventsB.wasinventedC.isinventedBwasinventedWhenhewasacollegeteacher,he3.__________tothinkofagamethatstudentscouldplayinthewinter.SoDr.Naismithcreatedthegamepeoplecouldplayinsideonthehardfloor.()3.A.asksB.wasaskedC.isaskedBwasaskedToday,thepopularityofbasketballhasrisenaroundtheworld.Lotsofpeople4._______toplaybasketballinparks,schoolsandevenfactoriesinChina.Ibelieveit5.________________bymanyyoungpeoplearoundtheworldinthefuture.(改編自RJ9全U6課文)()4.A.seeB.wereseenC.areseen()5.A.willbelovedB.lovesC.waslovedCAareseenwillbeloved二、被動語態(tài)在短文填空中的運(yùn)用。

分析廣東省卷近7年中考真題可知，在短文填空中，被動語態(tài)2018年考查1次，考查的是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。在做題時，需先分析句子所缺成分，再根據(jù)主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系判斷語態(tài)。In1826,aFrenchmannamedNiepceneededpicturesforhisbusiness.Buthewasnotagoodartist.Soheinventedaverysimplecamera.It1.____usedtotakeapictureofhisgarden.Thatwasthefirstphoto.語境分析法calltakeseebewasThenextimportantdateinthehistoryofphotographywasin1837.Thatyear,anotherFrenchman,Daguerre,tookapictureofhisreadingroom.Heusedanewkindofcamerainadifferentway.Inhispicture,everythingcouldbe2____clearly,eventhesmallestthing.Thiskindofwaywas3.______thedaguerreotype(銀版照相法).Soon,otherpeoplebegantouseDaguerre'sway.1.______2.______3.______seencalledwasseencalled一、語法選擇。語篇類型：記敘文主題：人與自然(環(huán)保意識)難度：

詞數(shù)：約190

用時：7分鐘數(shù)：BeforeIcametoChina,Ididn'tknowfooddelivery(外賣)apps.Theyweresostrangeto1.____．In2022,IcametoBeijing.IfoundIcouldorderfoodonmyphone2.________leavingmyflat.()1.A.me B.mine C.my ()2.A.in B.at C.withoutACmewithoutAboutanhourlater,thefood3.____________tomyhome.Afterthat,Iusedtheappstoorderfoodalmosteverynight.Gradually,Ibecame4.______thanbefore.()3.A.send B.wassent C.issent ()4.A.fat B.fatter C.thefattestBBwassentfatterWhenIdidn'tfeellike5.____________dinner,Iorderedsomedishesontheapps.WhenI6.______togetmedicine,Ijustturnedonmyphone.7._____convenienttheseappswere!()5.A.cooking B.tocook C.cook()6.A.want B.wanted C.willwant()7.A.What B.Whata C.HowABCcookingwantedHowHowever,theseappscanledtoaseriousproblem—theincreaseinpackagingwaste.Afterorderingdeliveryfoodforafewnights,Icanseetherubbishbinswithplasticbagsanddisposableutensils(一次性餐具).8.___________youcanchoosenottousetheutensilsprovidedontheapps,itcan'tavoidpackagingwaste.()8.A.If B.Until C.AlthoughCAlthoughTosolve9.____problem,Ithinkweshouldreducetheuseofplasticbags.Weshouldalso10.___________sorted(分類)theseplasticbags.Toprotecttheenvironment,weneedtoreducethewaste.()9.A.an B.the C.a ()10.A.proper B.improper C.properlyBCtheproperly二、短文填空。語篇類型：記敘文主題：人與自我(自我提升)難度：

詞數(shù)：約210

用時：7分鐘數(shù)：downwhatweakbutchanceupdirectlyfocusprideweshowhoweverWateristhesoftestthinginnature,andLaoZireallyadmiredit.Thegentlenessofwaterdoesnotmeanweakness,butratherit1.________aspiritofperseverance(毅力).Comparedwiththosehardstones,waterisgentle.Itisnaturaltothinkthatwaterhaslittlepower.2.__________,withcontinuedeffortsovertime,evenwaterdroplets(水滴)canbreakahardstone