2019屆高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)-專題五-數(shù)詞和主謂一致講義-新人教版

專題五數(shù)詞和主謂一致-2-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四一二一、數(shù)詞數(shù)詞分為兩種:基數(shù)詞(表示數(shù)目)和序數(shù)詞(表示順序)。1.dozen(一打,十二),score(二十)與具體數(shù)詞或與many,several

等連用時(shí),后不加-s,所修飾的名詞前介詞of有無均可。但是習(xí)慣上score多與of連用,而dozen很少與of連用。如:twodozeneggs兩打雞蛋,manydozenpencils好多打鉛筆;twoscoreofeggs40個(gè)雞蛋;threescoreofpeople60個(gè)人。dozen,score的復(fù)數(shù)形式后接of時(shí),表示“許多”。如:dozensofeggs幾十個(gè)雞蛋,scoresofpencils幾十支鉛筆。2.當(dāng)所修飾的名詞之前有限定詞these,those,my,your等或是修飾人稱代詞賓格them,us,you時(shí),這時(shí)需要加of。如:twodozenofthesepens,threescoreofthem。-3-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,若分子大于1,則分母用復(fù)數(shù)。如:one-fourth(aquarter)1/4;two-fifths2/5。(2016·全國(guó)乙)Two-thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama’sfamily.三分之二的人認(rèn)為會(huì)有更多的家庭模仿奧巴馬家庭的做法。-4-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四表示某人的確切年齡,用“基數(shù)詞+year(s)old”或者“attheageof+基數(shù)詞”,也可直接用基數(shù)詞;表示某人幾十多歲時(shí),用“inone’s+基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)(如twenties,thirties等)”來表達(dá)。Sheisstillin

her

twenties.她才二十幾歲。-5-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四表示“幾十年代”時(shí),在年份后加-s或-’s。(2016·全國(guó)乙)Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn’tgetawayfromhomefarenoughorfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown.在20世紀(jì)60年代,我們都有點(diǎn)不安分,想盡快離家或離家遠(yuǎn)點(diǎn)來證明自己能夠自立。-6-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七二、主謂一致謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致,這就叫主謂一致。在判定一個(gè)句子主謂是否一致時(shí),要遵循下列三個(gè)原則:語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致和就近一致?！罢Z(yǔ)法一致”也就是從語(yǔ)法形式上取得一致,即主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采用單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞亦為復(fù)數(shù)形式?！耙饬x一致”就是從意義著眼來處理主謂語(yǔ)一致問題。主語(yǔ)形式為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞依意義而定,也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！熬徒恢隆笔侵钢^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)往往和與其最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。-7-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七1.主語(yǔ)為表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、書名等整體概念的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)。Tenmilesisnotalongwayforme.十英里對(duì)我來說不是很長(zhǎng)的距離。2.由and連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ),前面由不定代詞every/each/no修飾時(shí)。Eachboyand(each)girlhasanapple.每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都有一個(gè)蘋果。-8-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七3.and連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念,且兩個(gè)名詞共用一個(gè)冠詞時(shí)。AteacherofEnglishandclassteacheristellingussomethingaboutvolunteerworkersnow.一位英語(yǔ)老師兼班主任現(xiàn)在正告訴我們關(guān)于義工們的一些情況。4.“thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)。Thenumberofprofessorspresentatthemeetingis1,800.出席會(huì)議的教授人數(shù)是1800人。5.動(dòng)詞-ing(短語(yǔ))、不定式、從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)。Whattheteacherofthescienceclassdoesandsaysisofgreatimportancetothestudentsatcollege.理科老師做的事和說的話對(duì)學(xué)院里的學(xué)生很重要。-9-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七6.“morethanone+單數(shù)名詞”和“manya+單數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)。MorethanonestudenthasgonetoBeijing.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生去了北京。—Hey!Hereisamessageonmycellphone,tellingmethatIhavewonfirstprizeofaweekendfortwoinParis.—Deleteit!It’satrick.Manyapersonhasbeencheatedbysuchtricks.——嘿,我手機(jī)上有一條短信,告訴我我已獲得巴黎周末雙人游的一等獎(jiǎng)。——?jiǎng)h掉吧。那是個(gè)騙局。許多人被這樣的短信騙過。7.“the+形容詞”做主語(yǔ),表示一類抽象的事物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Thenewissuretoreplacetheold.新生事物一定會(huì)取代舊的事物。-10-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七1.有些集合名詞如:clothes,cattle,folk,people,police

等做主語(yǔ),后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Thepolicearesearchingforthemurderer.警方正在搜尋兇手。2.“the+形容詞/分詞”做主語(yǔ),表示某一類人時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Theoldarelivingahappylifenow.老人們現(xiàn)在生活幸福。3.由and或both...and...連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式(不可數(shù)名詞同樣)。Bothcoffeeandbeerareonsaleintheshop.這家商店里咖啡和啤酒都有售。-11-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七1.集合名詞如:group,family,class,government,team,public,enemy,crowd,audience,club,party,crew等做主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果看成一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,如果側(cè)重其成員,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Thefamilywhichisnotbiglikewatchingfootballgames.這個(gè)家庭不大,全家人喜歡看足球比賽。-12-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七2.主語(yǔ)是單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞如:deer,sheep,fish,series,means,works,aircraft等時(shí),視其表達(dá)的意義而判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。Everymeanshasbeentried,butnoneprovedsuccessful.每個(gè)辦法都嘗試過了,但沒有一個(gè)是成功的。Manymeanshavenotcomeintoeffect.許多方法都沒生效。3.代詞none,neither,all以及what引導(dǎo)的從句等做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于所指代的內(nèi)容。(2014·湖南)Allweneedisasmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.我們所需要的就是一小塊土地,在這兒我們可以在一年的生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)種植各種各樣的果樹。Whattheyhaveare200computers.他們擁有的就是二百臺(tái)電腦。-13-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七4.population表示“人口”,即一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的居民數(shù)目,它做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。當(dāng)它前面有分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí),population是指一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的全體居民,它做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。ThepopulationofCanadaisabout36million.加拿大的人口數(shù)大約是3600萬。Eightypercentofthepopulationinthatcountryarefarmers.那個(gè)國(guó)家80%的人口是農(nóng)民。-14-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七1.有時(shí)主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間插入一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ),該短語(yǔ)對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不產(chǎn)生影響。Thedangerofforestfiresisnottobetakenlightly.森林火災(zāi)的危險(xiǎn)不能輕視。2.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有with,together

with,along

with,accompanied

by,like,inadditionto,aswellas,asmuchas,more

than,rather

than,nolessthan,except,but,besides,including

等連接的單詞(詞組)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要與它們前面的主語(yǔ)取得一致。Newspapers,aswellasmagazines,playanimportantroleindailycommunication.報(bào)紙,還有雜志,在我們的日常交流中起到了重要的作用。-15-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七1.由“some,plenty,a

lot,lots,most,the

rest,all,half,part或分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”等短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與of后的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。如果of后面所接名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;如果of后面所接名詞為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)形式。Aboutonethirdofthebooksarewellworthreading.大約三分之一的書非常值得閱讀。(2016·10浙江)Sixty-fourpercentofthosesurveyparticipantswhohaven’tworkedremotelywouldrathergiveupsomebonusinordertogetevenonedayaweekworkingfromhome.那些就遠(yuǎn)程辦公參與調(diào)查者中有64%的人寧愿放棄獎(jiǎng)金,就是為了得到一周一天在家辦公的機(jī)會(huì)。-16-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七2.由“akindof,thiskindof,manykindsof”和“名詞+ofthiskind”等相同用法的詞還有type,sort,part,piece,section,pair等。構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of前的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。Thiskindofanimalsisdangerous.Animalsofthiskindaredangerous.這種動(dòng)物很危險(xiǎn)。-17-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七3.“alargeamountof+不可數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式?！發(fā)argeamountsof+不可數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！發(fā)argequantitiesof+不可數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！癮good/greatdealof+不可數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Vastamountsofmoneyarebeinginvestedinthelocalmarket.大量資金投放到當(dāng)?shù)氐氖袌?chǎng)上。OnesurveyshowsthatlargequantitiesofwaterarewastedeveryyearinChina,andthatonethirdisavailabletobesaved.調(diào)查表明在中國(guó)大量的水被浪費(fèi)了,其中的三分之一是能節(jié)省下來的。-18-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七1.由or,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso...等連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和與它最近的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。NotonlyhisfamilybutalsohelikesChaplin’smovies.不但他的家人而且連他也喜歡卓別林的電影。Areeitheryouoryourbrothergoingtotheparty?要么你或是你的兄弟要去參加這個(gè)聚會(huì)嗎?2.therebe句型中be的形式由它后面的第一個(gè)名詞的數(shù)決定。Therearesomeenvelopesandpaperforyou.這里有一些信封和紙張給你。-19-一二考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七1.在定語(yǔ)從句里,關(guān)系代詞that,who,which等做主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。Thosewhohaveseenthefilmpleaseputupyourhands.看過這部電影的請(qǐng)舉手。2.“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Tomisoneoftheboyswhohavegoneabroad.湯姆是出過國(guó)的男孩之一。3.“theonlyoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheexam.他是唯一一個(gè)通過考試的學(xué)生。-20-ⅠⅡⅠ.用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.(2016·江蘇改編)Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren,who

are(be)ablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood.2.(2016·江蘇改編)Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountries

is

(be)greaterthanthefallinpoorareas.

解析:該句的主語(yǔ)是先行詞chimp

mothers,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞該用復(fù)數(shù)形式,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在時(shí),故填are。解析:該句的主語(yǔ)不是空前的countries,而是the

total

rise,所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,故用is。-21-ⅠⅡ3.(2016·全國(guó)丙改編)Visitinganappleevent

is

(be)agoodchancetosee,andoftentaste,awidevarietyofapples.

4.(2016·全國(guó)丙改編)Oneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingquality

is

(be)OrleansReinette,butyou’llneedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit...

解析:本句的主語(yǔ)是Visiting...短語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,故填is。解析:“one

of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式,故填is。-22-ⅠⅡ5.(2016·全國(guó)甲改編)Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrowis(be)oftenacceptable.6.(2015·湖南改編)Itisimportanttorememberthatsuccessis(be)asumofsmalleffortsmadeeachdayandoftentakes(take)yearstoachieve.解析:此句的主語(yǔ)為L(zhǎng)eaving...,動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,故填is。解析:句意:成功是每天一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)小的努力的總和,而且往往要花幾年時(shí)間才能達(dá)到,記住這點(diǎn)很重要。remember后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中,success充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)且為單數(shù)形式,又因本句話陳述的內(nèi)容為客觀事實(shí),因此其后的兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be和take都應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。-23-ⅠⅡ7.Mr.Black,aswellastheprofessorwhocomes(come)fromBeijingUniversity,is(be)toattendourschoolmeeting.8.Thetruthisthatthepassers-by,ratherthanthedriver,are

to

blame(blame)fortheterribleaccident.

解析:第一空考查定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致,who做主語(yǔ),因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與先行詞一致,the

professor是單數(shù),故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);第二空謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)是Mr.Black,as

well

as連接的單詞,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其前面的主語(yǔ)一致。故用單數(shù)。解析:句意:事實(shí)真相是過路人而不是司機(jī)對(duì)這次可怕的事故負(fù)責(zé)。題干中的主語(yǔ)是passers-by“過路人”,為復(fù)數(shù)形式;盡管后面加了rather

than短語(yǔ),句子謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)應(yīng)與最前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。be

to

blame是個(gè)習(xí)慣用法,主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。-24-ⅠⅡ9.Momentsoffailure

are

(be)unavoidable,butmostofusabandonthegoalentirelywhenslightfailuresandsetbacksstartpilingup.

10.The

New

York

Times

is

(be)widelyacceptedinAmerica.

解析:該句的主語(yǔ)是moments,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞該用復(fù)數(shù)形式,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在時(shí),故填are。解析:句意:《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》在美國(guó)被廣泛接受。題干中的主語(yǔ)是一種報(bào)紙名稱,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。-25-ⅠⅡ11.Thiskindofoperation

is

known

(know)asaroboticoperation.

12.Almostallinternationalconferencesandcompetitionsare

conducted(conduct)inEnglish.

解析:主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式,且與know之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故填is

known。解析:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格前是主語(yǔ)部分,所填詞為謂語(yǔ),且主語(yǔ)與conduct之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);根據(jù)句意可知句子說的是一般事實(shí),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示。因此答案是are

conducted。-26-ⅠⅡ13.Acquiringthewisdomtomakewisechoicesis(be)thelastingchallengeofbeinghuman.14.(2013·江蘇改編)Generally,students’innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothersis(be)essentialtotheirdevelopment.解析:該句是acquiring短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)第三人稱形式,故填is。解析:主語(yǔ)為motivation,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及generally可知,描述的為一般情況,故使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),用is。-27-ⅠⅡ15.(2012·安徽改編)Walmart,whichisoneofthelargestAmericansupermarketchains,keeps(keep)someofitsstoreopen24hoursonMondaysthroughSaturdays.16.(2013·福建改編)Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,was

invited(invite)toperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.

解析:句意:沃爾瑪,美國(guó)最大的連鎖超市之一,讓它的一些分店從周一到周六,一天24小時(shí)營(yíng)業(yè)。由句意可知,要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);Walmart做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。解析:句意:這位著名的音樂家和他的學(xué)生被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)?012臺(tái)北花博會(huì)的開幕式上表演。as

well

as連接兩個(gè)并列的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),根據(jù)其前的名詞來判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式且根據(jù)句意可知?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生在過去,故填was

invited。-28-ⅠⅡ17.Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therest