Gothicnovel哥特文學(xué)課件

Gothicnovel哥特文學(xué)

哥特(Gothic)：

1、oftheGoths(GermanicpeoplewhoinvadedtheRomanEmpire)；

2、oforinastylecommoninWEuropefromthe12thtothe16thcenturiesandcharacterizedbypointedarches,archedroofs,tallthinpillars

3、oforinan18th-centurystyleofliteraturewhichdescribedromanticadventuresinmysteriousorfrighteningsettings

“哥特復(fù)興”（GothicRevival）將中古世紀的陰暗情調(diào)從歷史脈絡(luò)的墓穴中挖掘出來。

一般認為第一座真正的哥特式教堂是巴黎郊區(qū)的圣丹尼教堂。

最著名的有世界上最大的哥特尖塔建筑米蘭大教堂

Duomo

di

Milano

米蘭大堂是意大利最大的哥特式主教堂，有“米蘭的象征”之美稱。主教堂始建于1386年，由米蘭望族吉安?維斯孔蒂主持奠基。1500年完成拱頂，1774年中央塔上的鍍金圣母瑪麗亞雕像就位。1813年教堂的大部分建筑完工。1897年最后完工，歷時五個世紀。1805年拿破侖曾在米蘭大教堂舉行加冕儀式。至1965年教堂正面最后一座銅門被安裝，才算全部竣工。舉世聞名的米蘭大教堂，坐落于意大利米蘭市中心的廣場，是世界上最大的哥特式教堂，也是僅次于梵蒂岡的圣彼得教堂和西班牙的塞維利亞教堂的歐洲第三大教堂。米蘭大教堂的建造歷經(jīng)五個多世紀才完工，因此，它的建筑風(fēng)格包含了哥特式、新古典式和巴洛克式。上半部分是哥特式的尖塔，據(jù)統(tǒng)計共138座，最高的尖塔高達108米，尖塔之林直立挺拔，給人以飛騰升華、超脫塵世之感。下半部分是典型的巴洛克式風(fēng)格，從上而下滿飾雕塑，極盡繁復(fù)精美，是文藝復(fù)興時期具有代表性的建筑物。由12根巨型石柱支撐的教堂大殿，內(nèi)飾精美，僅雕像就有800余座。教堂有24扇世界上最大的彩繪玻璃窗，這些彩色玻璃造于500多年前，至今仍光彩奪目，令人驚嘆.

法國早期哥特式教堂的代表作是巴黎圣母院CathedralofNotre-DamedeParis。國早期哥特式教堂的代表作

威尼斯的世俗建筑有許多杰作。圣馬可廣場上的總督宮被公認為中世紀世俗建筑中最美麗的作品之一

哥特女子哥特女子的皮膚蒼白、眼圈濃黑，穿著面料樸素、線條銳利的高領(lǐng)口的單色長袍。蒼白的面孔，妖魅的身段，華麗的貴氣，冷冽且濃郁的妝容。電影

《異形》、《沉默的羔羊》、《驚聲尖叫》、《龍卷風(fēng)》、《世界末日》、《天地大沖撞》、《極度恐慌》、《蝴蝶效應(yīng)》《歷代的巫術(shù)》

《吸血鬼諾斯費拉杜》

《德古拉的噩夢》。

《欲望》。

《剪刀手愛德華》

《夜訪吸血鬼》。

《烏鴉》

《人狼生死戀》

《理發(fā)師陶德》GothicfictionsometimesreferredtoasGothichorror):agenreofliteraturethatcombineselementsofbothhorrorandromance.Asagenre,itisgenerallybelievedtohavebeeninventedbytheEnglishauthorHoraceWalpole,withhis1764novelTheCastleofOtranto.Heinitiatedaliterarygenrewhichwouldbecomeextremelypopularinthelater18thcenturyandearly19thcentury

Gothicliterature:intimatelyassociatedwiththeGothicRevivalarchitectureofthesameera.Inawaysimilartothegothicrevivalists'rejectionoftheclarityandrationalismoftheneoclassicalstyleoftheEnlightenedEstablishment,theliteraryGothicembodiesanappreciationofthejoysofextremeemotion,thethrillsoffearfulnessandaweinherentinthesublime,andaquestforatmosphere.ThestockcharactersofGothicfiction:tyrants,villains,bandits,maniacs,Byronicheroes,persecutedmaidens,monks,nuns,madwomen,magicians,vampires,werewolves,monsters,demons,dragons,angels,fallenangels,revenants歸來者,ghosts,perambulatingskeletons,theWanderingJewandtheDevilhimself.mostnaturalsettings:

tallbuildingsoftheGothicstyle-castles,mansions,andmonasteries,oftenremote,crumbling,andruined.HoraceWalpole賀瑞斯·華爾波爾’TheCastleofOtranto(1764)《奧特朗托城堡》isoftenregardedasthefirsttruegothicromance(hewasobsessedwithmedievalgothicarchitecture,andbuilthisownhouse)Thebasicplot:

athreateningmysteryandanancestralcurse,aswellascountlesstrappingssuchashiddenpassagesandoft-faintingheroines.

Theromance,usuallyheldincontemptbytheeducatedasatawdryanddebasedkindofwriting,hadonlyrecentlybeenmaderespectablebytheworksofRichardsonandFielding(Fuchs,2004;106).Aromancewithsuperstitiouselements,andmoreovervoidofdidacticalintention,wasconsideredasetbackandnotacceptableasamodernproduction.ClaraReeve(1729–1807),anEnglish

novelist,bestknownforherGothicfictionwork:TheOldEnglishBaron(1778),

AnnRadcliffe(9July1764–7February1823),anEnglishauthor安·萊德克利夫

:TheMysteriesofUdolpho(1794)

《烏鐸爾弗的奧秘》Radcliffemadethegothicnovelsociallyacceptable.Amongotherelements,AnnRadcliffeintroducedthebroodingfigureofthegothicvillain.Radcliffe'snovels,aboveallTheMysteriesofUdolpho,werebest-sellers,althoughalongwithallnovelstheywerelookeddownuponbywell-educatedpeopleassensationalistwomen'sentertainment(despitesomemen'senjoymentofthem)."Theperson,beitgentlemanorlady,whohasnotpleasureinagoodnovel,mustbeintolerablystupid.IhavereadallMrs.Radcliffe'sworks,andmostofthemwithgreatpleasure.TheMysteriesofUdolpho,whenIhadoncebegunit,Icouldnotlaydownagain;Irememberfinishingitintwodays–myhairstandingonendthewholetime."[saidHenry]

...

"Iamverygladtohearitindeed,andnowIshallneverbeashamedoflikingUdolphomyself."[repliedCatherine]MatthewGregoryLewis(9July1775–14May1818),anEnglish

novelistanddramatist,oftenreferredtoas"Monk"Lewis:TheMonk(1796).luridtaleofmonasticdebauchery,blackmagic,anddiabolismLewis'taleappalledsomecontemporaryreaders;howeverhisportrayalofdepravedmonks,sadisticinquisitorsandspectralnuns,andhisscurrilousviewoftheCatholicChurchwasanimportantdevelopmentinthegenreMaryShelley'sFrankenstein;or,theModernPrometheus(1818)hascometodefineGothicfictionintheRomanticperiod.

MaryShelley'snovel,thoughclearlyinfluencedbythegothictradition,isoftenconsideredthefirstsciencefictionnovel,despitetheomissioninthenovelofanyscientificexplanationofthemonster'sanimationandthefocusinsteadonthemoralissuesandconsequencesofsuchacreation.

JohnWilliamPolidori波利多雷‘sTheVampyre(1819).TheVampyrehasbeenaccountedbyculturalcriticChristopherFraylingasoneofthemostinfluentialworksoffictioneverwrittenandspawnedacrazeforvampirefictionandtheatre(andlatterlyfilm)whichhasnotceasedtothisday.（布蘭姆·斯多克

Bram

Stoker的吸血鬼（Dracula)in1897

BytheVictorianeraGothichadceasedtobethedominantgenre(infacttheform'spopularityasanestablishedgenrehadalreadybeguntoerodewiththesuccessofthehistoricalromancepopularisedbySirWalterScott).CharlesDickens:whoreadgothicnovelsasateenagerandincorporatedtheirgloomyatmosphereandmelodramaintohisownworks,shiftingthemtoamoremodernperiodandanurbansetting,includingOliverTwist(1837-8)andBleakHouse(1854).BleakHouse:afrequentcharacteristicofurbanGothicliteratureandfilm(Mighall2007).HismostexplicitlyGothicworkishislastnovelTheMysteryofEdwinDrood(1870)《艾德溫·德魯?shù)轮i》Thegothicgenregavewaytomodernhorrorfiction.Manymodernwritersofhorrorexhibitconsiderablegothicsensibilities—examplesincludetheworksofAnneRice（安妮·賴斯1941）《吸血鬼紀事》（The

Vampire

Chronicles）aswellassomeofthesensationalistworksofStephenKingStephenEdwinKing史蒂芬·金

September21,1947(1947-09-21)

Portland,Maine,UnitedStatesPennameRichardBachman,JohnSwithenOccupationNovelist,shortstorywriter,screenwriter,columnist,actor,televisionproducer,filmdirectorGenresHorror,fantasy,sciencefiction,drama,gothic,darkfantasy《肖申克的救贖》TheShawkshankRedemption1994《危情十日》Misery1990《墳場禁區(qū)》GraveyardShift1990《1408幻影兇間》14082007WilliamFaulkner'snovelsandshortstoriesexemplifiedtheSouthernGothicgenre.OthernotablecontemporarywritersintheGothictradition:SusanHill,TheWomaninBlack(1983);PatrickMcG