2024年高考英語(yǔ)模擬試題

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題25分，滿分375分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。APraiadaFalésiaintheAlgarve，Portugalisknownforitsdramaticred，sandycliffs（懸崖）andgoldensand.IthasfinishedinthefirstplaceattheTravelers'

ChoiceAwards2024，aheadofimpressivelocationsintheCaribbean，AustraliaandtheSeychelles.TheAlgarveisatopchoiceamongtravelersseekingwarmthandsunevenduringthewintermonths.TheOlhosdeAguaregion，whereyou'llfindPraiadaFalésia，hasaMediterraneanclimatewithlonghotsummersandrelativelyshortwinters.Forthemostheat，thebesttimetovisitisbetweenJuneandAugust.ThehottestmonthoftheyearisJuly，whichhasanaveragehighof30℃andanaveragelowof22℃.Februaryisthecoldestmonthoftheyear，butyouwouldstillbeabletowearaT-shirtoutdoors.Theaveragehighis16℃andanaveragelowof10℃．Forashoppinglover，visitAlbufeira'soldtown—AvenidaDrFranciscoSaCarneiro—forsouvenirs（紀(jì)念品）andclothes.Youcanalsofindanopen-airmallnamedAlgarveShopping，whereyoucanbuyanythingfrompotterytoanewdress，aswellaslocalbarsandrestaurants，likePlanetFusion，TheThreeHarpsandSymbiosis．Thewestsideoftheawardwinningbeachiswhereyou'llfindthehighredcliffs.ThispartisalsoreferredtoasAoteiasandahighlyratedhotelinthisareaistheEpicSanaAlgarveBeachHotel.TheeastsideofPraiadaFalésia，towardsVilamoura，isreferredtoasAlfamarbecauseofthenearbyAlfamarBeach&SportResort.Thelowerpartsofthecliffscanbefoundhere，alongwithshallowwaterswhereactivitieslikeparagliding，divingandsurfingtakeplace．1.Whencanyouexperiencethehottestweather？A.July.B.June.C.August.D.February．2.WhatcanyoudoinAvenidaDrFranciscoSaCarneiro？A.Playgoodsand.B.Buynewdress．C.Enjoywarmsun.D.Haveagooddrink．記T1={i|ai-a～i=bi-1，i=2，3，…，N-1}，T2={i|ai-a～i=-bi+1+1，i=2，3，…，N-1}，則T1∩T2=，且T1∪T2={2，3，…，N-1}.注意到：若存在j∈T2且2≤j≤N-2，即aj-a～j=-bj+1+1，則j+1∈T2.否則，若j+1∈T1，則aj+1-a～j+1=bj+1-1=-（-bj+1+1）=-（aj-a～j），不合題意．因此，集合T1，T2有以下三種情形：①T1={2，3，…，N-1}，T2=.對(duì)任意i∈{2，3，…，N-1}，有bi≥2，則aN=a1+（b2+b3+…+bN-1）+bN≥0+（N-2）·2+1=2N-3，當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)b2=b3=…=bN-1=2時(shí)，bN=1，即A：0，2，4，…，2N-4，2N-3時(shí)，等號(hào)成立，此時(shí)存在“強(qiáng)緊數(shù)列”A～：0，1，3，…，2N-3，故此情形下，aN的最小值為2N-3．②T1={2，3，…，k}，T2={k+1，k+2，…，N-1}，其中k=2，3，…，N-2.對(duì)任意i∈T1，有bi≥2，對(duì)任意j∈T2，有bj+1≥2.aN=a1+（b2+b3+…+bk）+bk+1+（bk+2+bk+3…+bN）≥0+（k-1）·2+1+（N-k-1）·2=2N-3.故此情形下，aN的最小值不小于2N-3．③T1=，T2={2，3，…，N-1}.對(duì)任意i∈{2，3，…，N-1}，有bi+1≥2，aN=a1+b2+（b3+b4…+bN）≥0+2+（N-2）·2=2N-2>2N-3.故此情形下，aN的最小值不小于2N-3.綜上，aN的最小值為2N-3.責(zé)任編輯徐國(guó)堅(jiān)3.Wherecantouristsenjoysurfing？A.Alfamar.B.Aoteias.C.Vilamoura.D.Symbiosis．BIliketoknit（編織）everysingleday.I'llturntheTVon—usuallyjustthenews—whileImakemanythingslikehatsandlittletoychickens.Myfavoritethingtomakearechickens.Infact，I'vebeendoingthemforalmost50years．Idothistosellthemandraisemoneyforcharity，especiallyforNationalHealthService（NHS）.Asa76yearoldretiredclerkworkingatBarnsleyHospital，it'sacauseclosetomyheart.AsIloveknitting，thistypeoffundraisingneverfeelslikeahardwork．Ifirstpickeduptheneedlesatfivewhenmygrandmothertaughtmehowtoknit.Immediately，Iabsolutelyloveditandcouldn'tgetenough.SomeofmyfriendsatschoolandpeopleI'vemetatvarioussocialeventsovertheyearslovedit，too.Soit'sbeenagreatwaytoconnectwithothers．Oneday，arelativeofminesawmylittlecreationsandtookonechickentohercolleagues.Sherangmethateveningandsaid.“Ithinkyou'dbettersitdown.Wewant600chickens.”Ialmosthadaheartattack！Especiallybecauseitwasonlythreeweekswhentheywantedthemdone.SoIcalledonsomefriendsofminetohelpandwefinallycompletedtheorder．Eversince，I'vealsoraisedmoneythroughknittingwithfivefriends，includingmygranddaughterAshley.WeknittedtoraisemoneyforBarnsleyHospitalCharity's“MakeaMemoryAppeal”，whichsupportspeoplelivingwithdementia.We'vehelpedraisecloseto￡100，000forcharity．Lastyear，IactuallywonBarnsleyHospitalNHSFoundationTrust'sProudofBarnsleyawardintheHospitalHerocategory.Ifeltveryhonored，butIcouldn'tdoitallonmyown.Besidesmyfriends，Imustthankmyfamilydrivingmetobuywool，helpingtosellmycreationsorpostingonsocialmediaforme．4.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthefirsttwoparagraphs？A.SheenjoyswatchingTV.B.Sheenjoysworkinginahospital．C.Shehasaloveforknitting.D.Shehasaloveforraisinganimals．5.Whatcouldknittinghelptheauthoratschool？A.Tomakemuchmoney.B.Toenjoyabetterlifewithpeople.C.Tojoininsocialevents.D.Tohaveaconnectionwithothers．6.Howdidtheauthorfeelafterhearingherrelative'swords？A.Tiredanddelighted.B.Excitedandamused.C.ShockedandNervous.D.Confusedanddisappointed．7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph？A.Theauthor'sfriendbecameafamoushero.B.Manypeoplerespectedtheauthorverymuch.C.Theauthorfelthonoredtoknitforalongtime.D.Theauthor'sfamilytriedtheirbesttohelpher．CImaginepickingupanewbookthatyou'reexcitedtoread，feelingcomfortableinyourfavoritespot，andturningtothelastchapter.Whilemostreadersopentopageone，therearemanypeoplewhojumprightintothemostinterestingpartofthebook—theend—beforegoingbacktothebeginningandstartingfromthere.Becausedoingthatchangestheoverallexperienceofreadingthebook，somepeoplesayreadersshouldalwaysbeginwiththefirstchapter.Othersthinkstartingattheendisperfectlyuptothemarkandmayevenbethebestwaytoreadabook.Therearemanydifferentwaystoenjoyabookandnoneofthemarewrong.Startingwiththelastpagesmakessomereadersevenmorecuriousaboutthestoryandhelpsthemdecidewhetherthebookisworthreading.Otherpeopledon'tliketobeindoubtorworryaboutwhathappenstothecharacters.Readingaheadhelpsthemrelax，enjoythebook，andreallyappreciatethewritingsimilartowhenpeoplerereadabookandgetmoreoutofitthesecondtime.Somepeoplealsoenjoytheexcitementofguessingexactlyhowthestorywillreachanendingtheyalreadyknow．Booksaremeanttobereadintheorderinwhichthey'rewritten.Partoftheenjoymentofreadingagoodbookisfollowingtheactionfromstarttofinish，discoveringnewinformationaboutthestoryandcharactersbitbybit，andbeingsurprisedbytheplot.Readingthelastchapterfirstisdisrespectfultotheauthor，whoputinalotofeffortandwrotethebookinaspecificwayforareason.Andifyouknowtheending，youhavetoavoiddestroyingitforotherpeoplewhoarereadingit.Thatmeansit'ssafernottodiscussitwiththemeventhoughtalkingaboutabookcanbeabigpartofthefunofreadingit．8.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“uptothemark”meaninparagraph2？A.Funny.B.Remarkable.C.Acceptable.D.Disappointing．9.What'stheauthor'sattitudetostartingreadingattheend？A.Objective.B.Indifferent.C.Approving.D.Dismissive．10.Whatisthemainideaofthethirdparagraph？A.Thefunofreadingwiththelastpages.B.Thereasonsofreadingwiththelastpages.C.Theprocessesofreadingwiththelastpages．D.Theimportanceofreadingwiththelastpages．11.Whydosomepeopleenjoystartingwiththebeginning？A.Theyhavemuchtimetoreadthebookwritteninorder．B.Theyhaveastrongdesiretoknowthewriters'

trueability．C.Theyhaveareallypatientmindtofollowthebookbitbybit.D.Theyhaveenjoymentfromgettingnewthingsfromthebook.DWhentworatsbegantakingtheirownphotoswithacameraattachedtotheircage，artistAugustinLigniersaidhefelt“superpowerful.”Asapartofhisgraduatestudy，LignierboughttworatsfromapetstoreinFrancewherehelives，andbuiltthemacomplicatedcage.Usingawaythatgavetheratssugarwhenevertheypressedabutton，hetrainedthemtotakepicturesofthemselves，and，intheprocess，producedacommentaryontheideasofpleasure，rewardandtheaddictivebehaviorscausedbysocialmedia．Lignierbasedhiscagedesignonthe“SkinnerBox”，adeviceinventedbyAmericanpsychologistB.F.Skinnertostudyanimalbehavior.Theartistsaidhedrewinspirationfromscientificexperiments，developedbySkinnerduringthe1950sthattrainedanimalstocompletecomplextasks.Asthetworats—whichLigniernamedAugustinandArthur—beganexploringtheirnewenvironment，theywouldrandomlytouchthebuttonthatgavethemsugar.Aweeklater，theybegantounderstandthepositiveeffectofpressingthebutton，associatingitwiththesugarhit．Oncetheyunderstoodthis，Ligniermovedthemtoanormalcage—withtheintentionofmakingtheanimalsforgetaboutthesugar—beforemovingthembackintotheoriginalcage.Butatthistimethebuttondidn'treleasesugareverytimeitwaspressed．Instead，thesugarreleasewasrandomizedbutbecausetherat'sbrain“associatespleasuretosugarandsugartothebutton.Theytouchit，”Ligniersaid，addingthattheratswouldsometimespressthebuttonforsugarmorethanonceaminute.Givingrandomizedrewardsinreturnfortakingselfies（自拍）mirroredthestrategiesusedbysocialmediacompaniesanddatingappstokeepuserscomingback．“Everytimetheratspushthebutton，theyhavedopamine（多巴胺）intheirbrainandthenitrecordstheexactmomenttheyweretouchingit，”Ligniersaid.“Iwasfascinatedbythis.”12.Whatistheauthor'spurposeofmentioningsocialmedia？A.ToreviewthelogicofLignier'sstudy．B.TocompareLignier'sdifferentstudies.C.ToshowanapplicationofLignier'sidea．D.TomakeLignier'sresearchbetterunderstood．13.WhatmadeBFSkinnerinventSkinnerBox？A.Todisplayhisability.B.Todoresearchonanimalbehavior.C.Toliveameaningfullife.D.Tocompletecomplexanimaltasks．14.Theratshavenosugarrewardif.A.TheyarefullenoughB.TheyfightwitheachotherC.TheyareinanormalcageD.Theytouchthewrongbutton15.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage？A.Lignier'sGraduateStudyB.RatsAddictedtoGettingRewardsC.Lignier'sTwoLovelyPetsD.RatsFondofLivinginTwoCages第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題25分，滿分125分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ThescientistsattheUniversityofMassachusettsAmhersthasrecentlyshownthatnearlyanymaterialcanbeturnedintoadevicethatcontinuouslyharvestselectricityfromwetnessintheair.Theaircontainsahugeamountofelectricity.Thinkofacloud，whichisnothingmorethanamassofwaterdroplets.Ifthescientistscancreateahumanbuiltcloudthatproduceselectricitycontinuously，itcanbeharvested.Theheartofthehuman-madeclouddependsonwhatthescientistscallthe“genericAirgeneffect”：literallyanykindofmaterialcanharvestelectricityfromairifithasacertainproperty.Itshouldhaveholeslessthanathousandthofthewidthofahumanhair，whichisabout100nm（納米）．Itwouldbemadefromathinlayerofmaterialfullofholessmallerthan100nm.Theholeswouldletwatermolecules（分子）passfromtheuppertothelowerpartofthematerial.Eachholeissosmallthatthewatermoleculeswouldeasilyrunintothehole'sedge.Becausetheypassthroughthethinlayer.Sotheupperpartofthelayerwouldbeattackedbymanymorechargecarryingwatermoleculesthanthelowerpart，creatingachargeimbalance，astheupperpartincreaseditschargerelativetothelowerpart.Thiswouldeffectuallycreateabattery，whichrunsifthere'sanywetnessintheair．Sincewetnessiseverpresent，theharvesterwouldrunanytimeandanywhere.Itsolvesoneofthemajorproblemsoftechnologieslikewindorsolar.Imagineafutureworldwherecleanelectricityisavailableanywhereyougo.ThegenericAirgeneffectmeansthatthisfutureworldcanbeareality．A.Whatisthatproperty？B.Howtomakeelectricity？C.Eachtinydropcontainsacharge．D.Theyonlyworkundercertainconditions．E.Scientistscandesignagoodelectricityharvester．F.Basedonthisnumber，anelectricityharvestercanbedesigned．G.Itopensawidedoorforharvestingcleanelectricityfromthinair．第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。WhenChina'sfirstspacemanYangLiweiwassentintospaceonOctober15，2003，itwasahistorymakingmomentforChina.Sincehistriptospace，Yanghas21manyChinesespacemenontheirtrips.Butthe22onOctober26，2023wasespeciallymoving，asitcamejustdaysafterthe20thanniversary（周年紀(jì)念）ofhis23flight．Thatday，threeChinesespacemenwerelaunchedontheShenzhou17spaceshipfromtheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenter，24fortheTiangongspacestationforasixmonth25.ThisisChina'ssixthmanned26toitsspacestationsince2021．Theyaretheyoungest27Chinahaseversenttospacewithanaverageageof38.TangShengjie，33，andJiangXinlin，35arenewcomers.Theyare28byTangHongbo，48，whowasonChina'sfirstmannedtriptoitsspacestationin2021.Oneoftheirtasksistorepairthesolarpanels29byspacerubbish—thefirsttimeChinesespacemenwill30repairworkoutsidethestation．“WhenIwatchthisnewlaunchasanoldspaceman，thefirstthingcomingintomy31ispride.BecauseChina'smannedspaceflighthasdevelopedrapidlyandmadegreat32since2003，”Yang33tothereporters．Yangwasgladtoseea34generationofChinesespacementakingupthebaton（接力棒）.Inthem，hehasseenhopeforthefuturedevelopmentofChina'sspace35．21.A.tookinB.sentoffC.calmeddownD.raninto22.A.songB.storyC.launchD.assistance23.A.technicalB.dangerousC.comfortableD.historic24.A.searchingB.headingC.cyclingD.driving25.A.stayB.holidayC.interviewD.record26.A.raceB.invitationC.signalD.mission27.A.teamB.familyC.audienceD.class28.A.awardedB.ledC.raisedD.employed29.A.damagedB.followedC.changedD.controlled30.A.findB.observeC.performD.interrupt31.A.roomB.mindC.spaceD.show32.A.mistakesB.promisesC.choicesD.achievements33.A.repliedB.signedC.noddedD.smiled34.A.fatterB.tallerC.youngerD.cleaner35.A.industryB.productC.costD.knowledge第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題15分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Accordingtoanewresearch，Matabeleantsarelikelittledoctors.Scientistsrecentlyhavefoundthattheseinsects，36livesouthoftheSaharaDesertinAfrica，cantreatinjuredmembersoftheirgroupbacktohealthby37（use）medicinetheirownbodiesproduce.Theselargeantsoftenattackgroupsoftermites（白蟻）which38（be）theirmainsourceoffood.Butwhenthetermitesfightback，theantsmaybe39（danger）injured.Suchanattackcaninfecttheinsectswith40typeofbacteriacalledPseudomonasaeruginosa.Thisinfectionispowerfulenough41（kill）anant—orevenahuman—ifitisnottreated.Fortunately，Matabeleantshaveaspecialorganproducinganantibiotic（抗生素），akindofmedicinethatfightsinfections42（cause）bybacteria.Expertsfoundthatwhenonesoldierant43（injure），otherantsinthegroupcanidentifythisinfectionandhealitbyapplyingsaliva（唾液）containingtheantibiotictothewounds.Deathratesinantstreatedwiththesalivadecreased4490%.Nootherlivingcreaturesexceptforhumansareknowntotreatwoundsinthisway.Scientistshopethis45（discover）willhelpdevelopnewantibioticsforpeople．第四部分寫(xiě)作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）假定你是李華，想邀請(qǐng)對(duì)中國(guó)書(shū)法感興趣的外教Peter參加學(xué)校的春聯(lián)（SpringFestivalcouplets）書(shū)寫(xiě)活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)你給他寫(xiě)封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.活動(dòng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)；2.活動(dòng)內(nèi)容。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3.開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)和結(jié)束語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好。DearPeter，______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiHua第二節(jié)（滿分25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。I'vewantedtobeafashiondesignersinceIwas12.IrememberedbeingonholidayinRome，andseeingbillboardsofAlexanderMcQueen'sPlato'sAtlantisline.Thecampaignwasacombinationofthehumanandtheseacreature，andremindedmeofDisney'sTheLittleMermaid（美人魚(yú)）—myfavoritefilm.It'sdifficulttoexplain，butIknewthendeepdowninmyheart—thatmylifewasabouttochangeforever．Fromtheageof13，mymumstartedbuyingmecopiesofVoguemagazine.Iheadeddowntomylocalbeach，whereIpouredoveritsshinypages.Thebeachwasmyfavoriteplace，andIspenthoursabsorbingmyselfinthemagazine，tracingoutlinesofhigh-enddesignwithmyfingers.Inspiredbythemagazine，Istarteddrawinganythingthatwouldcometomymind—dresses，bagsandpatterns．MymumworkedhardformetospendsummersatCentralSaintMartins'

summerschoolinLondontostudyfashionstyling，andwassupportiveofmydream.ButIhavedyspraxia（運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙），andat16IwastoldIshouldn'tevenapplyforartschoolbecauseofit.Asaresult，IneverexpectedittoprogresspastmorethanjustafunhobbythatIlovedandhelpedmerelievemystress．Attheageof23，IwenttoBrightontostudyprintdesign，andthenmovedtoLosAngeles.IspentmostofmytimeinVeniceBeach—drawingdesignsonmyiPad，hopingthatIcouldeventuallycreateacareeroutofsomethingItrulyloved.EverynightIwenttobedimaginingmydrawingsonthebillboardsI'dseeninRome，andonthecatwalksoffashionweeksacrosstheworld.Idreamedofmakingmylifetimeofdrawingmorethanjustahobby.InJanuary2024，ImovedbacktoSouthWalesandlivedwithmymother.注意：1.續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)為150左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。IbrokethenewstomymumthatIwantedtobeafashiondesigner.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________MyjawdroppedwhenIsawafamousdesignercontactmeinane-mail.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案與點(diǎn)撥第二部分閱讀理解第一節(jié)（A）本文是應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了葡萄牙的旅游勝地PraiadaFalésia。1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干中的thehottestweather可定位到第三段，最熱的月份是7月，故選A項(xiàng)。2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干中的AvenidaDrFranciscoSaCarneiro可定位到第四段，游客可在這里買(mǎi)衣服，故選B項(xiàng)。3.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干中的surfing可定位到最后一段，游客可在Alfamar沖浪，故選A項(xiàng)。（B）本文是記敘文，主要介紹了作者通過(guò)編織做慈善的故事。4.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段最后一句I'vebeendoingthemforalmost50years可知，作者喜愛(ài)編織，故選C項(xiàng)。5.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的SomeofmyfriendsatschoolandpeopleI'vemetatvarioussocialeventsovertheyearslovedit，too.Soit'sbeenagreatwaytoconnectwithothers可知，我在學(xué)校的一些朋友和多年來(lái)在各種社交活動(dòng)中遇到的人也很喜歡它。因此，這是一種與他人建立聯(lián)系的好方法。這說(shuō)明作者通過(guò)編織交到朋友，跟他人建立了聯(lián)系，故選D項(xiàng)。6.C推理判斷題。由第四段中Ialmosthadaheartattack！Especiallybecauseitwasonlythreeweeksbeforetheywantedthemdone可知，作者差點(diǎn)就心臟病了，因?yàn)榈浇回浿挥腥芰?。由此可知，作者是很震驚的，因?yàn)闀r(shí)間緊迫，肯定也是緊張的，故選C項(xiàng)。7.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段Imustthankmyfamilydrivingmetobuywool，helpingtosellmycreationsorpostingonsocialmediaforme可知，作者的家人為幫作者付出了很多，故選D項(xiàng)。（C）本文是議論文，論述了從頭開(kāi)始閱讀和從最后開(kāi)始一頁(yè)開(kāi)始閱讀都有其可取之處。8.C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段劃線詞前面的內(nèi)容可知，有人說(shuō)讀者應(yīng)該從第一章開(kāi)始。由此可推知，另外一些人認(rèn)為從后面開(kāi)始讀是可取的，甚至可能是閱讀書(shū)籍的最佳方式，故選C。9.A作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Therearemanydifferentwaystoenjoyabookandnoneofthemarewrong可知，有很多種閱讀方式，但沒(méi)有什么是不好的，由此可推知，作者的態(tài)度是客觀的，故選A。10.B主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段可知，有人從后面開(kāi)始讀是因?yàn)楹闷婧蜎Q定這本書(shū)是否值得一讀；有人是不喜歡懸念，從后面讀是為了放松；也有一些人喜歡根據(jù)自己的所知去猜結(jié)局而從后面讀；這些都是人們采取從后面開(kāi)始閱讀的原因，故選B。11.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句Partoftheenjoymentofreadingagoodbookisfollowingtheactionfromstarttofinish，discoveringnewinformationaboutthestoryandcharactersbitbybit，andbeingsurprisedbytheplot可知，讀一本好書(shū)的樂(lè)趣之一是從頭跟到尾，一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地發(fā)現(xiàn)故事和人物的新信息，并對(duì)情節(jié)感到驚訝，故選D。（D）本文是說(shuō)明文，主要介紹2個(gè)老鼠學(xué)會(huì)自拍是為了獲得糖果獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。12.D推理判斷題。由第二段中的hetrainedthemtotakepicturesofthemselves，and，intheprocess，producedacommentaryontheideasofpleasure，rewardandtheaddictivebehaviorscausedbysocialmedia可知，他訓(xùn)練它們拍攝自己的照片，并在這個(gè)過(guò)程中對(duì)快樂(lè)、獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和社交媒體引起的成癮行為的想法進(jìn)行了注解，由此可推知，作者提到社交媒體的特點(diǎn)和這2只老鼠的實(shí)驗(yàn)有相同之處，這能讓讀者更容易理解實(shí)驗(yàn)，故選D項(xiàng)。13.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段第一句中的…the“SkinnerBox，”adeviceinventedbyAmericanpsychologistB.F.Skinnertostudyanimalbehavior可知，“斯金納盒子”，美國(guó)心理學(xué)家B.F.斯金納發(fā)明的一種研究動(dòng)物行為的裝置，故選B項(xiàng)。14.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的Ligniermovedthemtoanormalcage…Butatthistimethebuttondidn'treleasesugareverytimeitwaspressed可知，在正常的籠子里，它們按了按鈕，也是沒(méi)有糖果的，故選C項(xiàng)。15.B文章主旨題。通讀全文可知，這篇文章主要介紹2個(gè)老鼠學(xué)會(huì)自拍是為了獲得糖果獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)本文是說(shuō)明文，主要說(shuō)明了利用空氣中的濕度來(lái)發(fā)電。16.G空格前的air和選項(xiàng)中的air是同詞重現(xiàn)。并且，G選項(xiàng)中的It指代的是空格前一句的nearlyanymaterialcanbeturnedintoadevicethatcontinuouslyharvestselectricityfromwetnessintheair，故選G項(xiàng)。17.C空格前waterdroplets與C項(xiàng)中Eachtinydrop為同義重現(xiàn)，故選C項(xiàng)。18.A空格前acertainproperty與A項(xiàng)中property為同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選A項(xiàng)。19.F由空格后第一句Itwouldbemadefromathinlayerofmaterialfullofholessmallerthan100nm可知，It指代的是F選項(xiàng)中的anelectricityharvester。同時(shí)F項(xiàng)里的designed和空后第一句的made為上下義，“設(shè)計(jì)”后接著就“制造”電收納器。F項(xiàng)里的thisnumber可指代上一段最后一句的和空后第一句的100nm（納米），故選F項(xiàng)。20.DD選項(xiàng)中They指代的是空格前的technologieslikewindorsolar；空格前第一句講述的是“電力采集器”的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：可以在任何時(shí)間任何地點(diǎn)工作，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)講述的是“風(fēng)能或電能技術(shù)”的缺點(diǎn)：“在某種條件下才能工作”形成鮮明的對(duì)比，故選D項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用第一節(jié)本文是記敘文，介紹了中國(guó)第一位宇航員楊利偉歡送湯洪波、唐勝杰和江新林搭載神舟17號(hào)上太空?qǐng)?zhí)行任務(wù)。21.B根據(jù)空后的manyChinesespacemenontheirtrips、下文第四段第一句的WhenIwatchthisnewlaunchasanoldspaceman和常識(shí)可知，楊利偉“送別（sentoff）”了很多的宇航員，故選B項(xiàng)。22.C由下文第二段第一句的threeChinesespacemenwerelaunchedontheShenzhou-17spaceshipfromtheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenter和第四段第一句的WhenIwatchthisnewlaunchasanoldspaceman可知，2023年10月26日的“發(fā)射（launch）”特別令楊利偉感動(dòng)，故選C項(xiàng)。23.D由文章首句WhenChina'sfirstspacemanYangLiweiwassentintospaceonOctober15，2003，itwasahistory-makingmomentforChina和空前的asitcamejustdaysafterthe20thanniversary可知，10月26日的發(fā)射特別令楊利偉感動(dòng)，因?yàn)檫@是在他“歷史性的（historic）”飛行20周年紀(jì)念日的數(shù)天后，故選D項(xiàng)。24.B由空前的threeChinesespacemenwerelaunchedontheShenzhou-17spaceshipfromtheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenter和空后的theTiangongspacestation可知，三個(gè)中國(guó)宇航員搭載神舟十七號(hào)從酒泉衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心“出發(fā)（heading）”到天宮空間站，故選B項(xiàng)?！癶eadfor”是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，表示“前往（某地）”的意義。25.A由空前的theTiangongspacestationforsix-month和下文第三段最后一句的Oneoftheirtasksistorepairthesolarpanels可知，他們將在天宮空間站“停留（stay）”六個(gè)月，故選A項(xiàng)。26.D由空前的ThisisChina'ssixthmanned可知，這是中國(guó)自2021年以來(lái)第六次在空間站執(zhí)行載人“任務(wù)（mission）”，故選D項(xiàng)。27.A由本段的第二句TangShengjie，33，andJiangXinlin，35arenewcomers、第三句TangHongbo，48，whowasonChina'sfirstmannedtriptoitsspacestationin2021和上文第二段第一句的threeChinesespacemen可知，他們?nèi)耸侵袊?guó)送上太空平均年齡最年輕的“團(tuán)隊(duì)（team）”，故選A項(xiàng)。28.B由上一句的TangShengjie，33，andJiangXinlin，35arenewcomers、空后的TangHongbo，48，whowasonChina'sfirstmannedtriptoitsspacestationin2021和常識(shí)可知，兩個(gè)新人唐勝杰和江新林由湯洪波“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)（led）”，湯洪波在2021年參與了中國(guó)首次載人空間站之旅，故選B項(xiàng)。29.A由空前的Oneoftheirtasksistorepairthesolarpanels和此句結(jié)尾部分的repairworkoutsidethestation可知，他們將修復(fù)被太空垃圾“損壞（damaged）”的太陽(yáng)能電池板，故選A項(xiàng)。30.C由空前的Oneoftheirtasksistorepairthesolarpanels和空后的repairworkoutsidethestation可知，中國(guó)航天員將首次在空間站外面“實(shí)施（perform）”維修工作，故選C項(xiàng)。31.B由空前的WhenIwatchthisnewlaunchasanoldspaceman，thefirstthing…、上文第一段最后一句的asitcamejustdaysafterthe20thanniversary”和常識(shí)可知，楊利偉作為老一代的宇航員在20年后看到這次新的發(fā)射，他肯定會(huì)感慨萬(wàn)千，所以他的“腦海（mind