專題03科學(xué)與技術(shù)篇(一)(解析版)

專題03科學(xué)與技術(shù)篇（一）Text21（2022秋·山東東營·高一廣饒一中?？茧A段練習(xí)）Populationsofhumpbackwhales(座頭鯨)thatliveindifferentplacescanlearnlong,complicated(復(fù)雜的)songsfromoneanother.ScientistsattheUniversityofQueensland,inAustralia,focusedontwopopulationsofhumpbackwhales,onebyAustralia’seastcoastandtheotheroffNewCaledonia—agroupofislandsinthePacificOceanabout900milesaway.Thesepopulationsmaysharefeedinggroundsorcomeacrossoneanotherwhilemovingfromoneplacetoanother.Onlymalewhalessing.Theirsongsareknowntobemadeupofawidevarietyofdifferentsoundsarrangedintopatterns(模式)andcanlastforhours.Theresearcherslistenedtosamples(樣本)ofmalehumpbacksongsfrom2009to2015.Theyfoundouthowcomplicatedthesongswerebasedonthenumberofsoundsandhowlongthepatternslasted.“TheteamfoundthatthewhalesfromNewCaledoniawereabletosingthesamesongsastheAustralianwhaleswithoutsimplifyingorleavinganythingout,”saidleadresearcherJennyAllen.Thiswastruenomatterhowcomplicatedthesongswere.Thewhalesalsosangadifferentsongeachyear.“Itmeanshumpbackwhalescanlearnawholesongpatternfromanotherpopulationveryquickly,”Allensaid.Itisnotknownforsurewhymalewhalessing,buttwopossiblereasonsaretoattractamateortowarnothermalestostayoutofaprivatearea.Inadditiontohumpbacks,onlyafewotherspeciesofwhales(blue,fifin,bowhead,andminkewhales)sing.Humpbackwhalenumbershavebeenbadlyaffectedbyhunting,whichwasstoppedbylawinthe1980s.Todaytherearethoughttobeabout40,000humpbacksswimminginAustralia’swaters,althoughscientistswarnthatthespeciesstillfacesanumberofthreatsinthewild.Allensaidthestudy’sfindingswillaideffortstosaveandprotecthumpbackwhales.1．WhydidtheresearcherschooseAustralianwhalesandwhalesfromNewCaledonia?A．Theyarequicklearners.B．Theyaregoodatsinging.C．Theyhavethechancetomeet.D．Theyhavethesamelivinghabit.2．Whatdoweknowabouthumpbackwhalesinthestudy?A．Theycouldshowwheretheycamefromthroughsongs.B．Theyattracteddifferentspeciesofwhalesthroughsongs.C．Theyincreasedsoundnumbersandpatternlengtheveryyear.D．Theywereabletolearneachother’ssongsexactlyandquickly.3．WhatdoesAllenthinkofthestudy?A．Easy. B．Warning. C．Meaningful. D．Pioneering.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．WhymalehumpbackwhalescansingB．HumpbackwhalesprefercomplicatedsongC．HowwhalescommunicatewitheachotherD．Humpbackwhaleslearnsongsfromoneanother【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，生活在不同地方的座頭鯨群體可以相互學(xué)習(xí)長而復(fù)雜的歌曲。1．【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句“Thesepopulationsmaysharefeedinggroundsorcomeacrossoneanotherwhilemovingfromoneplacetoanother.”（這些種群在從一個地方遷移到另一個地方時，可能會共享覓食地或彼此相遇。）可知，澳大利亞鯨魚和新喀里多尼亞鯨魚在從一個地方遷移到另一個地方時，可能會彼此相遇，所以研究人員選擇了它們，由此可知，研究人員選擇澳大利亞鯨魚和新喀里多尼亞鯨魚，因為它們有機會相遇。故選C項。2．【答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句““TheteamfoundthatthewhalesfromNewCaledoniawereabletosingthesamesongsastheAustralianwhaleswithoutsimplifyingorleavinganythingout,”saidleadresearcherJennyAllen.”（首席研究員珍妮·艾倫表示：“研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，來自新喀里多尼亞的鯨魚能夠唱出與澳大利亞鯨魚相同的歌曲，而不會簡化或遺漏任何內(nèi)容?！保┖汀啊癐tmeanshumpbackwhalescanlearnawholesongpatternfromanotherpopulationveryquickly,”Allensaid.”（艾倫說：“這意味著座頭鯨可以很快地從另一種群中學(xué)習(xí)到完整的歌唱模式?！保┛芍?，研究表明，不同種群的座頭鯨可以很快地從另一種群中學(xué)習(xí)到完整的歌唱模式，而不會簡化或遺漏任何內(nèi)容，由此可知，座頭鯨能夠準(zhǔn)確快速地學(xué)習(xí)對方的歌曲。故選D項。3．【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段關(guān)鍵句“Allensaidthestudy’sfindingswillaideffortstosaveandprotecthumpbackwhales.”（艾倫說，這項研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)將有助于拯救和保護座頭鯨。）可知，艾倫認(rèn)為這項研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)將有助于拯救和保護座頭鯨，由此可知，艾倫認(rèn)為這項研究是有意義的。故選C項。4．【答案】D【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段關(guān)鍵句“Populationsofhumpbackwhales(座頭鯨)thatliveindifferentplacescanlearnlong,complicated(復(fù)雜的)songsfromoneanother.”（生活在不同地方的座頭鯨群體可以相互學(xué)習(xí)長而復(fù)雜的歌曲。）可知，文章主要介紹了一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，生活在不同地方的座頭鯨群體可以相互學(xué)習(xí)長而復(fù)雜的歌曲，“Humpbackwhaleslearnsongsfromoneanother”意為“座頭鯨互相學(xué)習(xí)歌曲”，選項能夠概括文章主要內(nèi)容。故選D項。Text22（2022秋·重慶·高一重慶市第三十七中學(xué)校?？计谀㏄atientswithalong-termillnesscanbeveryboredwhilerecoveringathome.Thiscanbeespeciallytrueofchildrenwhomayfeelcutofffromtheirfriendsandclassmates.Now,aNorwegiancompanyfeaturesarobot,whichkeepskidsintouchwithfriendsandtheclassroomtomakethemfeellesslonely.TherobotcalledAvatarI(AVI)“sits”intheclassroom,takingtheplaceofthechild,andallowsparticipationandengagement(參加)withteachersandclassmates.Inotherwords,thechildrencantakepartinclassesfromwherevertheyarerecoveringwiththeirschoolfriends’help.Theycarrytherobotbetweenclassesandplacetherobotontheirdesks.TheNorwegiancompanycreatedtherobotwithitsco-founder,KarenDolva,whoexplainshowtherobotworks.ShesaysfromhomethechildusesaniPadoraphonetostarttherobot,controltherobot’smovementswithtouch,andtalkthroughit.Thechildcantakepartinclassroomactivities.Therobotisequippedwithspeakers,microphonesandcamerasthatmakecommunicatingeasy.Soitactsastheeyesandtheearsandthevoiceofthechildwhoistooilltobephysicallyatschool.InsideAVIisasmallcomputerconnectedtoa4Gnetwork.AVIwasdesignedtobetough.Itwon’tallowwatertopassthroughitandcantakeafallfromadeskwithoutdamage.AVIislargeandlookslikeahumanforareason.Dolvasaysitcan’tbejustatinycamerabecausetheotherkidscan’tpickitupandtakeitwiththem.Thisisimportantbecausetherobotissupposedtobeafriendtothechildren.HopefullyAVIwillhelpsomechildrenfeellesslonelywhiletheyareabsentfromclass.5．Whatistherobotmentionedinparagraph1mainlydesignedfor?A．Gettingthesickchildrenconnectedwithschoolwork.B．Helpingtherobotmakemoreandmorefriends.C．Helpingthesickchildrenlightentheirloneliness.D．Makingtherobottakecareofthesickchildren.6．Whatcanthesickchildrendothroughtherobot?A．Theycanrecoverfromalong-termillnessverysoon.B．Theycanseetheirteachersandfriendsatanytime.C．Theycanasktherobottodohomeworkforthem.D．Theycandoclassroomactivitiesathomeorathospital.7．Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Howthecompanyhascreatedtherobot. B．Howtherobotcanworksuccessfully.C．Whatfunctionstherobotareequippedwith. D．Whatbenefitstherobotcanbringabout.8．Wheredoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?A．Ahealthreport. B．Asciencemagazine.C．Apubliclecture. D．Aproductinstruction【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹一款機器人，可以幫助生病的孩子缺課時感到不那么孤獨。5．【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Now,aNorwegiancompanyfeaturesarobot,whichkeepskidsintouchwithfriendsandtheclassroomtomakethemfeellesslonely.(現(xiàn)在，一家挪威公司推出了一款機器人，可以讓孩子們與朋友和教室保持聯(lián)系，讓他們不那么孤獨)”可知，機器人主要是為了幫助生病的孩子減輕他們的孤獨感而設(shè)計的。故選C項。6．【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Inotherwords,thechildrencantakepartinclassesfromwherevertheyarerecoveringwiththeirschoolfriends’help.(換言之，孩子們可以在學(xué)校朋友的幫助下，從任何他們正在康復(fù)的地方參加課堂活動)”可知，生病的孩子可以通過機器人在家或在醫(yī)院做課堂活動。故選D項。7．【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中“TheNorwegiancompanycreatedtherobotwithitsco-founder,KarenDolva,whoexplainshowtherobotworks.

ShesaysfromhomethechildusesaniPadoraphonetostarttherobot,controltherobot’smovementswithtouch,andtalkthroughit.

Thechildcantakepartinclassroomactivities.

Therobotisequippedwithspeakers,microphonesandcamerasthatmakecommunicatingeasy.

Soitactsastheeyesandtheearsandthevoiceofthechildwhoistooilltobephysicallyatschool.

InsideAVIisasmallcomputerconnectedtoa4Gnetwork.(這家挪威公司與其聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人卡倫·多爾瓦一起創(chuàng)造了這款機器人，她解釋了機器人的工作原理。她說，孩子在家里用iPad或手機啟動機器人，通過觸摸控制機器人的動作，并通過它說話。孩子可以參加課堂活動。這款機器人配備了揚聲器、麥克風(fēng)和攝像頭，便于交流。因此，它就像孩子的眼睛、耳朵和聲音一樣，為那些病得不能上學(xué)的孩子提供幫助。在AVI內(nèi)部是一臺連接到4G網(wǎng)絡(luò)的小型計算機)”可知，本段主要講的是這款機器人如何工作的。故選B項。8．【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Patientswithalong-termillnesscanbeveryboredwhilerecoveringathome.Thiscanbeespeciallytrueofchildren.Theymayfeeloutofffromtheirfriendsandclassmates.Now,thesechildrenmayhaveahigh-techfriendtohelpfeellesslonely.Thatfriendisarobot.(患有長期疾病的病人在家休養(yǎng)時可能會感到非常無聊。對孩子來說尤其如此。他們可能會感到與朋友和同學(xué)疏遠(yuǎn)?，F(xiàn)在，這些孩子可能有一個高科技朋友來幫助他們減少孤獨感。那個朋友是個機器人)”以及下文對機器人的介紹，可推斷這篇文章可能出自于科學(xué)雜志。故選B項。Text23（2022秋·陜西渭南·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Teensarereallygoodatignoring(忽視)theirparents’messages,whichiswhyNickHerbert,afatherfromLondon,createdanappcalledReplyASAP.NickcameupwiththeideaforReplyASAPafterrealizingthatsimplygivinghissonamobilephonedidn’tmakegettingintouchwithhimeasier.Hewasn’tansweringNick’smessagesasfastasNickhadexpected.Itwasdrivingthefathercrazy,sohesetouttocreateamessagingappthatwouldmakereachingkidseasierforparents.Ittookeightmonthsandalotofmoneytocompletetheproject,butNickthinksReplyASAPcouldreallytakeoff,asitislikelytogiveparentssomepeaceofmind.ReplyASAPisdesignedwithparentsinmind.Itletsthemknowiftheirchildhasseentheirmessage,oriftheirphoneisturnedoff.However,mostimportantly,itmakesitimpossibleforkidstoignoremessages.Whentheyreceiveatextfromtheirparents,theappbasicallylockstheirphone,takingoverthehomescreenandsoundinganalarmuntilthemessageisanswered.ItseemsthatReplyASAPwillbecometeenagers’biggestnightmare(噩夢),bymakingitimpossibletoignoretheirparents.Nickagreesthatit’sapossibility,butaddsthathisappshouldn9tbeparents9mostimportantwayofcommunicatingwiththeirchildren.ReplyASAPisfreetodownload(下載),butoffersaseriesofplans,dependingonhowmanypeopleyouareplanningtogetintouchwith.ItworksonlyonAndroidnow.Butthat’sonlyashort-termshortcoming(缺點),asNickwantstomakeReplyASAPbefoundontheAppleStoreassoonaspossible.9．WhatdroveNickHerbertcrazy?A．Creatingamessagingapp.B．Ignoringhisparents9messages.C．Hissonnotreplyingtohimintime.D．Notgettingintouchwithhisfriends.10．ForwhomdidNickHerbertcreateReplyASAP?A．Parents. B．Kids. C．Teachers. D．Workers.11．WhywillReplyASAPbecometeenagers’biggestnightmare?A．ItworksonlyonAndroidatpresent.B．It’simpossibletoignoretheirparents.C．Itallowsteenagerstofightwiththeirparents.D．Ithasabadinfluenceontheirstudy.12．Whatcanweknowfromthetext?A．ChildrenwillstudybetterwithReplyASAP.B．PeoplehavetopaytodownloadReplyASAP.C．NickspenttenmonthscompletingReplyASAP.D．ReplyASAPcan’tworkontheAppleStorenow.【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報道，介紹一名父親因為孩子經(jīng)常沒有及時回復(fù)消息，因而開發(fā)了一款名叫ReplyASAP手機軟件，且介紹了這款軟件。9．【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Hewasn’tansweringNick’smessagesasfastasNickhadexpected.Itwasdrivingthefathercrazy(他沒有像Nick預(yù)期的那樣快速回復(fù)Nick的短信。這讓父親發(fā)瘋了)”可知，尼克的兒子沒有像預(yù)期的那樣及時回復(fù)尼克的短信，這讓他發(fā)瘋。故選C項。10．【答案】A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“ReplyASAPisdesignedwithparentsinmind.(ReplyASAP是為父母而設(shè)計的。)”可知，NickHerbert為父母們創(chuàng)建了ReplyASAP。故選A項。11．【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“ItseemsthatReplyASAPwillbecometeenagers’biggestnightmare(噩夢),bymakingitimpossibletoignoretheirparents.(看來，ReplyASAP讓青少年不可能忽視父母，將成為他們最大的噩夢)”可知，ReplyASAP會成為青少年最大的噩夢的原因是忽略他們的父母是不可能的，故選B項。12．【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“ItworksonlyonAndroidnow.Butthat’sonlyashort-termshortcoming(缺點),asNickwantstomakeReplyASAPbefoundontheAppleStoreassoonaspossible.

(它現(xiàn)在只在Android上起作用。但這只是一個短期的缺點，因為尼克想盡快在蘋果商店找到ReplySAP)”可知，ReplyASAP只能在安卓設(shè)備上使用，現(xiàn)在無法在蘋果應(yīng)用上運行，故選D項。Text24（2023秋·山東菏澤·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Zhaobicanbefoundoutsidetheentranceofavarietyofbuildings,nottobeconfusedwithyingbiwhicharesimilarstructuresfoundontheothersideofthegate,andintheirearliestformduringthewesternZhoudynasty(c.11thcentury-771BC),werebuilttoservethefunctionofawealthandpowersymbol.Theywereallowedforonlythehighestmembersofsociety,noblemen,dukesandprinces.Seeingzhaobioutsideabuildingwouldletpassers-byknowthatthisistheresidenceofsomeoneofextremeimportance,whilealsoservingthepracticalfunctionofprotectingprivacybyblockingtheentrancefromanyspyingeyes.Withthepassingoftimeandsocialchanges,bytheTang(618-907)andlaterSong(960-1279)dynasties,therewaslessexclusivityaboutwhocouldbuildzhaobi,butmoreimportantlytherewasalsoachangeinthemeaningandpurposeofthewalls.Insteadofrepresentingsocialposition,zhaobitookonamoremysteriouspurpose,comingtoplayaroleintheformoffengshui,apracticewhichfocusedonachievingharmonyandbalanceinallthings.Itwasbelievedthataswellasfunctioningasaphysicalblockforone’sprivacy,zhaobiwouldactasadeterrentagainstgui,orwanderingdangerousspirits,whichwouldattempttoharmahome,butbeingunabletoturncorners,zhaobiwouldpreventsuchaction.Aswellasofferingthisspiritualprotection,theirlocationwouldallowforbetterflowofqi,orimportantenergy,helpingtoconserveitinthebuilding.Movingfurtherforwardintime,zhaobibecamemoreofaformofartisticexpressionandcreativity,withpoetry,paintingsandcharactersrepresentingluckandgoodfortuneappearingonthewalls,withfamiliesusingzhaobiasaplatformtotelltheirfamilyhistoryandachievements.13．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword?A．strength B．fortune C．entrance D．protection14．Howmanyfunctionsofzhaobiarementionedinthetext?A．4 B．5 C．6 D．715．Howisthetextdeveloped?A．Byfollowingthetimeorder. B．BymakingacomparisonC．Byshowingexamples. D．Bylistingfigures16．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Thedifferencebetweenzhaobiandyingbi. B．Thechangesinthefunctionsofzhaobi.C．Ageneralintroductionofzhaobi. D．Thelonghistoryofzhaobi.【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了照壁的主要功能以及變化。13．【答案】D【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“againstgui,orwanderingdangerousspirits,whichwouldattempttoharmahome,butbeingunabletoturncorners,zhaobiwouldpreventsuchaction”可知，照壁可以用來保護家里不受鬼的侵害，因為鬼無法轉(zhuǎn)彎，照壁可以阻止它們。故畫線詞意思是“保護”。故選D。14．【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Seeingzhaobioutsideabuildingwouldletpassers-byknowthatthisistheresidenceofsomeoneofextremeimportance,whilealsoservingthepracticalfunctionofprotectingprivacybyblockingtheentrancefromanyspyingeyes.(在建筑物外看到照壁，行人就會知道這是一個非常重要的人的住所，同時也起到了保護隱私的實際作用，阻止了任何窺視的眼睛)”；第二段中“Insteadofrepresentingsocialposition,zhaobitookonamoremysteriouspurpose,comingtoplayaroleintheformoffengshui,apracticewhichfocusedonachievingharmonyandbalanceinallthings.(照壁并沒有代表社會地位，而是有了一個更神秘的目的，以風(fēng)水的形式發(fā)揮作用，這是一種專注于實現(xiàn)萬物和諧與平衡的實踐)”；倒數(shù)第二段“Itwasbelievedthataswellasfunctioningasaphysicalblockforone’sprivacy,zhaobiwouldactasadeterrentagainstgui,orwanderingdangerousspirits,whichwouldattempttoharmahome,butbeingunabletoturncorners,zhaobiwouldpreventsuchaction.Aswellasofferingthisspiritualprotection,theirlocationwouldallowforbetterflowofqi,orimportantenergy,helpingtoconserveitinthebuilding.(人們相信，照壁不僅可以作為一個人的隱私的實體屏障，還可以威懾那些企圖破壞房屋的妖怪，因為鬼無法轉(zhuǎn)彎，所以可以阻止這種行為。在提供這種精神保護的同時，它們的位置還能讓氣（重要的能量）更好地流動，有助于在建筑中保存氣)”以及最后一段“Movingfurtherforwardintime,zhaobibecamemoreofaformofartisticexpressionandcreativity,withpoetry,paintingsandcharactersrepresentingluckandgoodfortuneappearingonthewalls,withfamiliesusingzhaobiasaplatformtotelltheirfamilyhistoryandachievements.(隨著時間的推移，照壁越來越成為一種藝術(shù)表達(dá)和創(chuàng)造力的形式，代表吉祥和好運的詩歌、繪畫和人物出現(xiàn)在墻上，家庭用照壁作為平臺來講述他們的家族史和成就)”可知，提到了六個功能。故選C。15．【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Zhaobicanbefoundoutsidetheentranceofavarietyofbuildings,nottobeconfusedwithyingbiwhicharesimilarstructuresfoundontheothersideofthegate,andintheirearliestformduringthewesternZhoudynasty(c.11thcentury-771BC),werebuilttoservethefunctionofawealthandpowersymbol.(照壁位于各種建筑的入口外，不要與應(yīng)璧混淆，應(yīng)璧是在大門的另一側(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)的類似結(jié)構(gòu)，其最早的形式是在西周時期（公元前11世紀(jì)-公元前771年），是用來作為財富和權(quán)力的象征)”以及第二段中“Withthepassingoftimeandsocialchanges,bytheTang(618-907)andlaterSong(960-1279)dynasties,therewaslessexclusivityaboutwhocouldbuildzhaobi,butmoreimportantlytherewasalsoachangeinthemeaningandpurposeofthewalls.(隨著時間的推移和社會的變化，到了唐朝(618-907年)和后來的宋朝(960-1279年)，誰能建造照壁的排他性減少了，但更重要的是，照壁的意義和用途也發(fā)生了變化)”可推知，文章按照時間順序展開。故選A。16．【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“Withthepassingoftimeandsocialchanges,bytheTang(618-907)andlaterSong(960-1279)dynasties,therewaslessexclusivityaboutwhocouldbuildzhaobi,butmoreimportantlytherewasalsoachangeinthemeaningandpurposeofthewalls.(隨著時間的推移和社會的變化，到了唐朝(618-907年)和后來的宋朝(960-1279年)，誰能建造照壁的排他性減少了，但更重要的是，照壁的意義和用途也發(fā)生了變化)”以及最后一段“Movingfurtherforwardintime,zhaobibecamemoreofaformofartisticexpressionandcreativity,withpoetry,paintingsandcharactersrepresentingluckandgoodfortuneappearingonthewalls,withfamiliesusingzhaobiasaplatformtotelltheirfamilyhistoryandachievements.(隨著時間的推移，照壁越來越成為一種藝術(shù)表達(dá)和創(chuàng)造力的形式，代表吉祥和好運的詩歌、繪畫和人物出現(xiàn)在墻上，家庭用照壁作為平臺來講述他們的家族史和成就)”可知，這篇文章的主旨是照壁功能的變化。故選B。Text25（2023秋·河北唐山·高一灤南縣第一中學(xué)?？计谀〦ngineersandscientistsattheUniversityofTexasatAustinhavedevelopedauniquesolutiontohelppeopleintheseareasgetcleandrinkingwater.Theydevelopedalow-costgelfilm(凝膠膜)thatcanpullwaterfromtheairineventhedriestclimate(氣候).Justonekilogramofgelcancollectuptosixlitersofwaterinadryclimate.Forthoselivinginaclimatewithrelativehumidity(潮濕),onekilogramofgelcancollectupto13litersofwateraday.Asthegelissoinexpensiveandeasytomake,itmayofferawayofprovidingdrinkingwatertocountrieswithwatershortages.Researchershaveharvestedfreshwaterfromfoganddewbefore,butthatonlyservesareaswithhighhumidity.Otherattemptsatpullingwaterfromdesertairrequirelotsofenergyanddonotproducemuch.Infact,thisgelisabigimprovementfromearlierwaterharvestingtechnologies.Themaximumwaterharvestedhasbeen5.87litersinplaceswithrelativehumidity.Thisnewgeldoublesthisamount,usesnoenergyandissimpletooperate.“Thisnewworkisaboutpracticalsolutionsthatpeoplecanusetogetwaterinthehottest,driestplacesonEarth,”saidGuihuaYu,professorattheCockrellSchoolofEngineering.“Thiscouldallowmillionsofpeoplewithoutaccesstodrinkingwatertohavesimple,watergeneratingdevices(取水裝置)athomethattheycaneasilyoperate.”“Thisisnotsomethingyouneedanadvanceddegreetouse,”thepaper’sleadauthor,Youhong“Nancy”Guosaid.“It’sstraightforwardenoughthatanyonecanmakeitathomeiftheyhavethematerials.”Scientistsareplanningonmakingathickergelthatwillincreasetheproduction,makingthistechnologyapracticablesolutiontodrought.17．Whatdoweknowaboutthegelfilmfromparagraph2?A．Itcanincreasethehumidityoftheair.B．Itcanharvestdrinkingwaterfromtheair.C．Ithasbeenwidelyappliedindesertareas.D．Itcostslotsofmoneyandenergytoproduce.18．WhatisGuihuaYu’sattitudetowardsthenewwater-harvestingmethod?A．Unconcerned. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Hopeful.19．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“straightforward”inlastparagraphmean?A．easy. B．funny. C．good. D．cheap20．Whatwillscientistsplantodonext?A．Developathickergel.B．Producethegelonalargescale(規(guī)模).C．Raisemoneyforfurtherresearch.D．Teachpeopletomakethegelathome.【答案】17．B

18．D

19．A

20．A【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要講述了德克薩斯大學(xué)奧斯汀分校的工程師和科學(xué)家開發(fā)了一種獨特的解決方案，幫助人們獲取清潔的飲用水。17．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Theydevelopedalow-costgelfilm(凝膠膜)thatcanpullwaterfromtheairineventhedriestclimate.Justonekilogramofgelcancollectuptosixlitersofwaterinadryclimate.Asthegelissoinexpensiveandeasytomake,itmayofferawayofprovidingdrinkingwatertocountrieswithwatershortages.”（他們研發(fā)了一種低成本的凝膠膜，這種凝膠膜即使在干燥的氣候下也能從空氣中吸水。在干燥的氣候中，僅一公斤的凝膠就能吸收6升的水。因為這種凝膠價格低且易于制作，它可以為缺水國家提供飲用水。）可知，這種凝膠膜可以從空氣中獲取飲用水，故選B項。18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段““Thisnewworkisaboutpracticalsolutionsthatpeoplecanusetogetwaterinthehottest,driestplacesonEarth,”saidGuihuaYu,professorattheCockrellSchoolofEngineering.“Thiscouldallowmillionsofpeoplewithoutaccesstodrinkingwatertohavesimple,watergeneratingdevices(取水裝置)athomethattheycaneasilyoperate.”（科克雷爾工程學(xué)院的教授GuihuaYu說道：“這一新發(fā)明是很實用的解決方法，地球上最熱最干燥的地區(qū)的人們可以使用這個方法來獲取水。這能讓無法一直擁有飲用水的百萬人在家就可以簡單地操作這一取水裝置?！保┛芍?，GuihuaYu認(rèn)為這一新的取水裝置能滿足無法獲取飲用水的人的需求，推斷出他對這一取水設(shè)備是充滿希望的。故選D項。19．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章最后一段““Thisisnotsomethingyouneedanadvanceddegreetouse,”thepaper’sleadauthor,Youhong“Nancy”Guosaid.“It’sstraightforwardenoughthatanyonecanmakeitathomeiftheyhavethematerials.””（論文的主要作者Youhong“Nancy”Guo說道：“這并不是需要你有高級學(xué)位才能使用的東西，它很簡單，以至于如果有材料，任何人都能在家制作”。）可知，這一設(shè)備是任何人都能制作出來的，是簡單的，推斷出“straightforward”意為“簡單的”，與A項easy意思相近。故選A項。20．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Scientistsareplanningonmakingathickergelthatwillincreasetheproduction,makingthistechnologyapracticablesolutiontodrought.”（科學(xué)家們正計劃制作一個更厚的凝膠，以提高產(chǎn)量，使這項技術(shù)成為解決干旱的可行方案。）可知，科學(xué)家們接下來會計劃研發(fā)一個更厚的凝膠。故選A項。Text26（2023秋·山西運城·高一康杰中學(xué)?？计谀〧romtheearlymorning,Isit,gluedtothechairinfrontofmycomputer,evenforhourssometimes.ButonethingItrytodoeverydayistakeaten-minutewalkaroundmidday.Walkingatlunchtimeisasmartthingtodo,anewstudyfinds.Thisdoesn’tseemlikenews.Afterall,we’veknownforeverthatdoingexerciseisgoodforus.ButasTheNewYorkTimespointsout,thosefitnessstudiestypicallylookedattheeffectsofexerciseplansinthelongrun.Thisnewstudylooksatchangesthathappenmorequickly,fromonedaytothenextorevenfromthishourtothenexthour.Agroupofofficeworkerswhoalmostsitgotinvolvedintheresearch,alloutofshape,butotherwiseemotionallyandphysicallyhealthy.Researchersaskedthemtotake30-minutelunchtimewalks,threedaysaweekfor10weeks.Thevolunteerswerealsoaskedtoinstallappsontheirphones,sothattheresearcherscouldsendthevolunteersquestionsaftertheywalked.Thentheresearchersusedthoseanswerstojudgehowthevolunteerswerefeelingaboutlifeandwork,andtomeasuretheirfeelingsabouteverythingfromstressandtensiontomotivation.Whentheresearcherscomparedthevolunteers’answersontheafternoonswhentheywalkedtothoseontheafternoonstheydidn’twalk,therewasquiteadifference.Onthedayswhentheyhadalunchtimewalk,thevolunteerssaidtheyfeltlessstressed,moreenergeticandmorerelaxedversus(與……相對)onthedayswhentheydidn’twalk.Unfortunately,manyofthevolunteersweren’tconfidentthatthey’dcontinuewalkingafterthestudy,mainlybecausetheywereexpectedtoworkthroughtheirlunchbreaks.Understandable,sad.21．Howdoesthenewstudydifferfromotherfitnessstudies?A．Itfocusesontheshort-termeffectsofwalking.B．Itcallsonpeopletohaveawalkafterlunch.C．Itmainlypaysattentiontoofficeworkers.D．Itaimsatstudyingtherelationshipbetweenexerciseandhealth.22．Whywerethevolunteersrequiredtoinstallappsontheirphones?A．Tocharttheirtimespentonline. B．Toknowhowlongtheywalked.C．Torespondtotheresearchers’questions. D．Topreventthemfromgettinglost.23．Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy?A．Officeworkersusuallyhavelittletimetogoforawalk.B．Walkingbringsmoreadvantagestopeoplethanotherexercise.C．Along-time-to-sitlifestyleislinkedtoanincreasedriskofdisease.D．Lunchtimewalkscontributetoquicklyboostingpeople’smood.24．Whatcanweinferaboutthevolunteersfromthepassage?A．Theywillspendmoretimewalking.B．Someofthemtendtobemoreoutgoing.C．Mostofthemwillperformbetteratwork.D．Theymaystoplunchtimewalksduetoworkpressure.【答案】21．A

22．C

23．D

24．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。介紹的是一項新的研究，該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在午餐后，短暫的散步是一件明智的事情，這能快速改善你的情緒。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ButasTheNewYorkTimespointsout,thosefitnessstudiestypicallylookedattheeffectsofexerciseplansinthelongrun.(但正如《紐約時報》指出的那樣，這些健身研究通常著眼于長期鍛煉計劃的影響)”以及“Thisnewstudylooksatchangesthathappenmorequickly,fromonedaytothenextorevenfromthishourtothenexthour.(這項新研究著眼于發(fā)生得更快的變化，從一天到第二天，甚至從這個小時到下一個小時)”可知，該研究主要是關(guān)注的是散步對一個人在每天之間甚至是每個小時間的發(fā)生的變化，也就是對人們的短期影響。故選A項。22．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thevolunteerswerealsoaskedtoinstallappsontheirphones,sothattheresearcherscouldsendthevolunteersquestions

after

they

walked.

Then

the

researchers

used

those

answers

tojudge

how

thevolunteerswerefeelingaboutlifeandwork,andtomeasuretheirfeelingsabouteverythingfromstressandtensiontomotivation.(志愿者還被要求在手機上安裝應(yīng)用程序，以便研究人員可以在志愿者走路后向他們發(fā)送問題。然后，研究人員使用這些答案來判斷志愿者對生活和工作的感受，并衡量他們對從壓力和緊張到動機等一切事物的感受)”可知，志愿者要求安裝app是為了在散步后發(fā)送問題給志愿者，讓他們回答，然后根據(jù)他們的回答做出分析和判斷。故選C項。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Onthedayswhentheyhadalunchtimewalk,thevolunteerssaidtheyfeltlessstressed,moreenergeticandmorerelaxedversus(與……相對)onthedayswhentheydidn’twalk.(在午餐時間散步的日子里，志愿者們說，與不走路的日子相比，他們感到壓力更小，更有活力，更放松)”可知，午餐時間散步與不散步的日子進行比較發(fā)現(xiàn)，午餐后散步可以讓他們感覺壓力變小，精力更充沛，更輕松，由此可知，午餐散步能改變?nèi)说那榫w。故選D項。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Unfortunately,theresearcherssaidmanyofthevolunteersdidn’tbelievethey’dbeabletocontinuewalkingoncethestudyended,mainlybecausetheywereexpectedtoworkthroughtheirlunchbreaks.(不幸的是，研究人員表示，許多志愿者認(rèn)為一旦研究結(jié)束，他們就不能繼續(xù)餐后散步，主要是因為他們需要在午休時間工作)”可知，志愿者認(rèn)為在研究結(jié)束后，他們可能在午餐休息時間去工作，而不是繼續(xù)餐后散步，由此可推斷，志愿者很可能由于工作原因而停止午餐后散步。故選D項。Text27（2023·山東濰坊·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Antsknowwhenanearthquakeisabouttostrike,researchershavediscovered.Theirbehaviorchangesgreatlybeforethequakeandtheyresumenormalfunctioningonlyadayafterit.GabrieleBerberichoftheUniversityofDuisburg-EsseninGermanypresentedthesefindingsaccordingtoLiveScience.Berberichandherteamdiscoveredthatredwoodantspreferredtobuildtheirhomesrightalongactivefaults(斷層)inGermany.Theycounted15,000mounds(土堆)liningthefaults.Thesefaultsaretheplaceswheretheearthbreaksinearthquakes.Usingaspecialcamerathattrackedchangesinactivity,Berberichandherteamtrackedtheantsroundtheclockforthreeyears.Theyfoundthattheants’behaviorchangedonlywhenthequakewasovermagnitude2.0.Therewere10earthquakesbetweenmagnitude2.0and3.2duringthisperiod,andmanysmallerones.Humanscanalsosensequakesovermagnitude2.0only.AccordingtoBerberich,normalantactivityismadeupofgoingaboutcollectingfoodduringthedayandrestinginthenight.Butbeforeanearthquake,theantsdidn’tgobacktotheirmoundinthenightandmovedaroundoutsideit.Thisstrangebehaviorcontinuedtilladayaftertheearthquake,Berberichtoldanewsconference,accordingtoLiveScience.Howdoantsknowanearthquakeiscoming?Berberichsuggestedthattheycouldeitherbepickingupchanginggasornotingsmallchangesintheearth’smagneticfields(磁場).“Redwoodantshavespecialcellswhichcansensechangesincarbondioxidelevels.Theyals