29 日本福島核電站核污水排放和核能利用 -2023年中考英語時事熱點話題題型專練

29日本福島核電站核污水排放和核能利用2023年中考英語時事熱點話題題型專練背景資料：日本決定核污染水2023年春夏排海2023-01-1315:54·\t"/article/7188041981946724897/_blank"光明網(wǎng)據(jù)日本廣播協(xié)會電視臺報道，日本政府13日召開有關處理福島核事故核污染水的相關閣僚會議，會議確認將于今年春夏期間開始排放福島第一核電站核污染水。據(jù)悉，東京電力公司計劃從臨海的福島第一核電站向海中修建一個長約1公里的海底隧道，向太平洋排放處理稀釋后的所謂“放射性物質達標”的核污染水。（中新社記者朱晨曦）來源：國是直通車一、單項選擇1．—China’sthird-generationnuclear(核能)technologyHuanglongOnewasputintouse.Doyouknow________?—Ofcourse.It’smainlyaboutsafety.TheHuanglongOnereactor(反應堆)hasadouble-layeredshell(雙層安全殼).A．what’snewaboutthistechnologyB．howthenucleartechnologyworksC．howlongittakestoresearchthetechnology【答案】A【詳解】句意：——中國的第三代核能技術黃龍一號投入使用中。你知道這項技術新的地方是什么嗎？——當然，它主要是安全問題。黃龍一號的反應堆有一個雙層安全殼?？疾橘e語從句的用法。what’snewaboutthistechnology這項技術新的地方是什么；howthenucleartechnologyworks核能技術是如何工作的；howlongittakestoresearchthetechnology研究這項技術花了多長時間。根據(jù)答句“It’smainlyaboutsafety.TheHuanglongOnereactor(反應堆)hasadouble-layeredshell(雙層安全殼).”可知，問句詢問你知道這項技術新的地方是什么嗎。故選A。2．Itisreportedthat______peoplewerekilledinnuclear(核)accidentinJapan.A．twohundreds B．twohundredsofC．hundredof D．hundredsof【答案】D【解析】試題短文大意：句意：據(jù)報道，成百的人在日本死于核事故。Hundred是不可數(shù)名詞。不能加s，hundredsof表示成百的，根據(jù)句意，故選D?？键c：考查數(shù)詞的用法。3．Wehopescientistswillwaystosolvethenuclearpollution(核污染)happenedinJapan.A．bemadeofB．cheerupC．giveupD．comeupwith【答案】D【解析】試題短文大意：句意：我們希望科學家會想出發(fā)生在日本的核污染問題。A.bemadeof由……制成；B.cheerup是振奮起來；C.giveup放棄；D.comeupwith想出。結合句意，故選D考點：考查動詞詞組辨析。4．—MustwestoptheJapanesegovernmentdischargingnuclearwastewater(排放核污水)intothePacificOcean?—________.Becauseeveryoneshouldprotectourearthanditisbad________ustoeatthepollutedseafoodanddrinkthewastewater.A．Yes,wecan;of B．No,wemustn’t;of C．Yes,wemust;for D．No,weneedn’t;for【答案】C【詳解】句意：——我們必須阻止日本政府向太平洋排放核污水嗎？——是的，我們必須。因為每個人都應該保護我們的地球，吃污染的海鮮和喝廢水對我們是不好的。考查一般疑問句及介詞用法。根據(jù)“MustwestoptheJapanesegovernmentdischargingnuclearwastewaterintothePacificOcean”可知，對于日本政府向太平洋排放核廢料這個行為，我們是必須要阻止的，用must表示“必須”。第二個空是固定搭配：bebadfor“對……有害”，故選C。5．—DoyouknowabouttheJapanesenuclearcrisis(核危機)?—Yes.Iknow.A．howaretheydealingwithit B．whatithascausedC．howterriblewasit D．howlongwillitlast【答案】B【解析】本題know后跟的是一個賓語從句，應該用陳述順序，故選B,ACD都是疑問順序。6．—It’ssaidthatnuclearpowerwillbeusedtoproduceelectricityinXianning.—However,nuclearpower_________beverydangerous.A．can B．need C．must D．should【答案】A【詳解】句意：——據(jù)說咸寧將利用核能發(fā)電?！欢四茉纯赡芊浅ＮｋU?？疾榍閼B(tài)動詞。can可能；need需要；must必須；should應該。根據(jù)however表示轉折關系，however前表示在咸寧將使用核能源來發(fā)電，因此however后表示核能源可能非常危險，此處使用情態(tài)動詞can表示推測。故選A。7．Intheletter,Einsteinaskedpeopletonuclearweapons.A．giveoff B．giveback C．giveup D．giveout【答案】C【詳解】句意：在信里，愛因斯坦呼吁人們放棄核武器。考查動詞短語。A.giveoff釋放、發(fā)出（氣味、熱量）；B.giveback歸還、退還；C.giveup放棄；D.giveout分發(fā)、散發(fā)。根據(jù)句意核武器要放棄。故選C。8．—IamshockedbyJapan’splantodump（傾倒）nuclearwaterintothePacificOcean!—SoamI.Asthesayinggoes,__________.A．liketree,likefruit B．harmset,harmget C．outofsight,outofmind【答案】B【詳解】句意：——我對日本向太平洋傾倒核水的計劃感到震驚！——我也是。俗話說，害人反害己。考查常識和習語。liketree,likefruit羊毛出在羊身上；harmset,harmget害人反害己；outofsight,outofmind眼不見，心不煩。根據(jù)“IamshockedbyJapan’splantodump（傾倒）nuclearwaterintothePacificOcean”可知，日本向太平洋傾倒核水的行為既會傷害別的國家也會傷害自己，故選B。二、完型填空Greenpeaceisaglobal(全球的)environmentalorganizationthathasbeentryingtostopcompaniesandgovernmentsfromdoingbadthingstotheenvironment.Itisknownforitsdirect9intheworld.Andithasmadethepublicknowenvironmentalproblems.In1995,aGreenpeaceshipstoppedaFrenchnuclearweapon(核武器)test.Greenpeacehasalsorepeatedlysentshipsto10whales(鯨魚)fromJapanesewhalers,whokillwhalesfortheirmeatwhichisusedatexpensiverestaurants.TheGreenpeace11havetriedtostopnuclearweaponsfrombeingbuiltandhavefoughtagainstbigcompaniesandgovernmentsthataredestroyingtherainforestsandotherareaswitha12environment.Greenpeacepayscloseattentiontomanyenvironmentalproblems:whaling,globalwarming,cleanenergyandnuclearpower.Greenpeaceactivistsoftenputthemselvesin13tostoptheactivitiesthattheyareagainst.Theyusesmallboatstotrytostopthekillingofwhales.Theyalso14themselvestotreesthatworkerswanttocutdown.Theysaythattheyaretryingtoprotecttheenvironmentforallofusandforfuturegeneration.15theyhavealotofsupportfrompeoplearoundtheworld,theyhavenotbeenabletostopmanyofthethingstheyarefightingagainst.Theorganization16moneyfromgovernments,politicalpartiesorcompaniesinordertoavoidtheirinfluence.Thepeoplewho17Greenpeacearefromallovertheworld.Whattheyallhaveincommonistheonebigaim—agreenand18futureforall.PeoplefromallwalksoflifecometogetherundertheGreenpeaceflagtospendtheirfreetimefightingfortheenvironment.9．A．plans B．methods C．a(chǎn)ctions D．tasks10．A．prepare B．protect C．provide D．prevent11．A．ships B．officers C．companies D．members12．A．pleasant B．natural C．special D．wet13．A．danger B．a(chǎn)ction C．control D．fear14．A．hold B．keep C．hang D．tie15．A．Whether B．Although C．Because D．Unless16．A．refuses B．requires C．a(chǎn)ccepts D．borrows17．A．setup B．putup C．makeup D．openup18．A．cheerful B．meaningful C．hopeful D．peaceful【短文大意】綠色和平組織是一個國際性的環(huán)境保護組織，在1995年的時候，綠色和平組織阻止了法國的一次核試驗。這個組織還不斷的阻止日本的捕鯨船捕鯨，為了阻止砍伐森林的人砍伐森林，他們把自己綁在樹上。這個組織得到了世界各地人們的認可，現(xiàn)在世界各地的人們都意識到了保護環(huán)境的意義?！敬鸢附馕觥?．句意：它以其在世界上的直接行動而聞名?？疾槊~及語境理解。A.plans計劃；B.methods方法；C.actions行動；D.tasks任務。根據(jù)上文hasbeentryingtostopcompaniesandgovernmentsfromdoingbadthingstotheenvironment.阻止公司或政府做一些不利于環(huán)境的事情，因此可知這句話的意思是“這個組織的因其直接的行動聞名全球”，故答案選C。10．句意：綠色和平組織還多次派遣船只保護鯨魚不受日本捕鯨者的侵害?？疾閯釉~及語境理解。A.prepare準備；B.protect保護，經(jīng)常用于結構“protect…from…”意思“保護…免受…破壞”；C.provide提供；D.prevent阻止、防止。根據(jù)whales(鯨魚)fromJapanesewhalers,可知，這句話的意思是“綠色和平組織還多次派遣船只保護鯨魚不受日本捕鯨者的侵害”，故答案選B。11．句意：綠色和平組織的成員試圖阻止核武器的制造?？疾槊~及語境理解。A.ships輪船；B.officers官員；C.companies公司；D.members成員。根據(jù)havetriedtostopnuclearweaponsfrombeingbuilt，可知應是綠色和平組織的成員試圖阻止核武器的制造，故答案選D。12．句意：并與破壞熱帶雨林和其他自然環(huán)境的大公司和政府進行了斗爭?？疾樾稳菰~及語境理解。A.pleasant令人愉快的；B.natural自然的；C.special特別的；D.wet潮濕的。根據(jù)therainforestsandotherareaswitha__4__environment.可知本句句意為“并與破壞熱帶雨林和其他自然環(huán)境的大公司和政府進行了斗爭”，故答案選B。13．句意：綠色和平組織的積極分子經(jīng)常把自己置于危險之中，以阻止他們所反對的活動。考查名詞及語境理解。A.danger危險；B.action行動；C.control控制；D.fear害怕。根據(jù)Greenpeaceactivistsoftenputthemselvesin__5__tostoptheactivitiesthattheyareagainst.可知句意為“綠色和平組織的積極分子經(jīng)常把自己置于危險之中，以阻止他們所反對的活動?！笨崭袂懊媸墙樵~in，和danger構成固定短語，意思是“在危險中”，故答案選A。14．句意：他們還把自己綁在工人想要砍伐的樹木上?？疾閯釉~及語境理解。A.hold握住；B.keep保持；C.hang懸掛；D.tie綁、系。根據(jù)themselvestotreesthatworkerswanttocutdown，可知本句句意為“他們還把自己綁在工人想要砍伐的樹木上”，故答案選D。15．句意：雖然他們得到了世界各地人民的大力支持，但他們仍無法阻止他們所反對的許多事情?？疾檫B詞及語境理解。A.Whether是否；B.Although盡管、雖然；C.Because因為；D.Unless除非。根據(jù)theyhavealotofsupportfrompeoplearoundtheworld,theyhavenotbeenabletostopmanyofthethingstheyarefightingagainst.可知，本句句意為“雖然他們得到了世界各地人民的大力支持，但他們仍無法阻止他們所反對的許多事情”，故答案選B。16．句意：該組織拒絕來自政府、政黨或公司提供的資金，這樣可以避免受到他們的影響。考查動詞及語境理解。A.refuses拒絕；B.requires要求；C.accepts接受；D.borrows借。根據(jù)inordertoavoidtheirinfluence，可知本句話的意思是“”，故答案選A。根據(jù)inordertoavoidtheirinfluence，可知本句句意為“該組織拒絕來自政府、政黨或公司提供的資金，這樣可以避免受到他們的影響”，故答案選A。17．句意：組成綠色和平組織的成員是來自世界各地的人?？疾閯釉~短語及語境理解。A.setup建起；B.putup張貼；C.makeup組成；D.openup開發(fā)。根據(jù)Thepeoplewho__9__Greenpeacearefromallovertheworld.可知，本句句意為“組成綠色和平組織的成員是來自世界各地的人”，故答案選C。18．句意：他們有一個共同的偉大目標??就是為大家建設一個綠色的、和平的未來?？疾樾稳菰~及語境理解。A.cheerful歡樂的；B.meaningful有意義的；C.hopeful有希望的；D.peaceful和平的。根據(jù)Whattheyallhaveincommonistheonebigaim—agreenand__10__futureforall.可知，本句句意為“他們有一個共同的偉大目標??就是為大家建設一個綠色的、和平的未來。”故答案選D?！军c睛】解答完形填空首先要通讀全文，掌握大意。結合選項初步弄清短文寫了些什么內容。在理解全文意思的基礎上，結合文章內容對空缺句子作合乎邏輯的推理。必須弄清空缺詞句的確切含義，空缺詞句與其前后句的意義銜接必須自然、合理，最后根據(jù)語境，結合選項，選出正確答案。如，第2小題，。根據(jù)whales(鯨魚)fromJapanesewhalers,可知，這句話的意思是“綠色和平組織還多次派遣船只保護鯨魚不受日本捕鯨者的侵害”，故答案選B。第5小題，根據(jù)Greenpeaceactivistsoftenputthemselvesin__5__tostoptheactivitiesthattheyareagainst.可知句意為“綠色和平組織的積極分子經(jīng)常把自己置于危險之中，以阻止他們所反對的活動?！笨崭袂懊媸墙樵~in，和danger構成固定短語，意思是“在危險中”，故答案選A。三、閱讀單選AWhatifyouhadonlythreeminutestotakewhateveryoucouldtakefromyourhome,andtherestwouldbelostforever?Whatwouldyoutake?Japanisoftenhitbynaturaldisasters,likeearthquakes,heavystormsandtunami.Butrecentlythenuclearradiation(核輻射)havebroughtthelong-termdamagetoJapan,manyJapanesehavetoabandontheirlovelyhomes.Theyarenowfacingthefactthattheymaynotbeabletoreturnforalongtime.Withthisinmind,let’sdiscussthevalueofaBugOutBag(B．O.B．forshort).B．O.B．isacollectionofthingsthatyouwouldneedtoliveonifyouhadtoescapefromyourhomewithnopromisesofhousing,foodorwaterduringtheunexpectedsituation.TheB．O.B．shouldincludethefollowingthingsthatareneededforlife:●Asleepingbag,oratleastablankettokeepwarm.●Drinkingwater.●High-calorie,no-cookfoodslikechocolatebiscuits.proteinbars,etc.●First-aidsupplies.●Firestartingmethods,andasmallpottoboilwaterorcook.●Afewbasictoolslikeaknife,somerope,flashlight(手電筒)etc.●Moneyincash.●Adigitalbackupofallyourimportantdocumentsandfamilytreasures.Thiscouldbeinsurance(保險)documents,familyphotosandvideos.YoucouldkeepaB．O.B．bythefrontdoor,orevenhaveseveralbagsathomeattheofficeandinyourcar.ThismightseemlikemorethanneededtosomeofyoubutjustimaginewhatadifferencethiskindofpreparationwouldhavemadetothepeopleofJapan.ThenthinkofthedifferenceaB．O.B．willmakeifthosedisastershappentoyou.19．ThewritertalkedaboutthenuclearradiationinJapaninorderto________.A．showtheimportanceofaBugOutBagB．showhowdangerousanuclearradiationisC．tellustheseriousdamageithasdonetoJapanD．explainwhytheJapanesehavetoleavetheirhomes20．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“abandon”probablymeaninChinese?A．欣賞 B．拆除 C．拋棄 D．修繕21．WhatispurposeofaBugOutBag?A．Tostopdisastersfromhappening. B．Tohelppeopleprotecttheirhomes.C．Tofindoutwhenthedisasterwillcome. D．Tohelppeoplekeepaliveafterdisasters.22．WhichofthefollowingshouldbeputintoaBugOutBag?A．Amap. B．Aknife. C．Araincoat. D．Acamera.23．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．PrepareforDisasters B．EnjoyYourOutdoorLifeC．MakeaChangetoDisasters D．WatchOutforNuclearRadiation【短文大意】本文介紹了在緊急意外的災害發(fā)生的情況下人們該怎么辦？就此作者提出了一些建議。讓人們在不可預知的災害下為自己準備好必需的物品，為災害提前做好準備?！敬鸢附馕觥?9．細節(jié)理解題。由第二段第四句“Withthisinmind,let’sdiscussthevalueofaBugOutBag(B.O.B.forshort).”可知，討論日本的核輻射是為了討論BugOutBag的價值，故選A。20．詞句猜測題。由下文“Theyarenowfacingthefactthattheymaynotbeabletoreturnforalongtime.”可知，現(xiàn)在他們可能很長一段時間都無法返回。由此可推測“Butrecentlythenuclearradiation(核輻射)…Japanesehavetoabandontheirlovelyhomes.”意思是但最近核輻射給日本帶來了長期的破壞，不少日本人不得不放棄自己可愛的家園。進而推測“abandon”的意思拋棄、放棄。故選C。21．細節(jié)理解題。由第三段“B.O.B.isacollectionofthings…waterduringtheunexpectedsituation.”可知，B.O.B.是幫助你在無法預知的情況下逃離家園時賴以生存的東西。故選D。22．推理判斷題。由列舉物品中的第6點“Afewbasictoolslikeaknife,somerope,flashlight(手電筒)etc.”可知，刀是B.O.B.所需的，故選B。23．主旨大意題。本文主要在介紹B.O.B.包括什么，有利于讓人們在不可預知的災害下為自己準備好必需的物品，為災害提前做好準備?？芍疚淖罴褬祟}為《為災難做好準備》，故選A。BRightnow,thebiggestsourceofenergy(能源)intheworldisfossilfuel(礦物燃料).Fossilfuelsareoil,gas,andcoal(煤).Morethan80percentoftheworld’senergycomesfromfossilfuel.Therearemanyproblemswithfossilfuel.Oneproblemisthatwhenfossilfuelisburned,itpollutestheair.Also,whenwetakefossilfuelfromtheEarth,weoftencausealotofharm.Anotherproblemisthatwe’rerunningoutofit.Abigsourceofenergyformanycountriesisnuclearpower(核能).Thirty-onecountriesusenuclearpower.Alotofshipsalsouseit.Nuclearpowerhassomeadvantages(優(yōu)點).Firstofall,wecan’trunoutofnuclearpower.Nuclearpowerdoesnotmaketheairdirty.Also,ifacountryhasnuclearpower,itdoesn’tneedtobuyasmuchoilfromothercountries.However,therearealsoalotofproblemsthatcomewithnuclearpower.Forexample,nuclearaccidentsareveryserious.In1986,therewasanuclearaccidentinRussia.Inthenext20years,about4,000peoplegotsickanddied.In2011therewasanotherveryseriousnuclearaccidentinJapan.Thatwasseveralyearsago,butJapanisstilltryingtocleanupthenuclearwastefromtheaccident.Manypeopledon’twantnuclearpowerintheircountries.Theysaythatit’snotsafe.AlotofpeopleintheUnitedStates,Russia,France,Japan,India,andmanyothercountrieswanttheircountriestousesaferandcleanerwaystogetelectricity(電力).Sometimestheygettogethertoshowtheirstrongdisagreementwithnuclearenergy.Manypeoplehatenuclearenergy,butmoreandmorecountriesareusingit.Onereasonforthisisthattheworldisusingmoreandmoreenergy.Wejustdon’thaveenoughfossilfuel.However,ifweusenuclearpower,thenwemayhavemoreseriousproblemsinthefuture.24．Inthesecondsentenceofthefifthparagraph,whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”mean?A．Thecountry. B．Nuclearpower. C．Aperson. D．Theelectricity.25．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Nuclearpowerisakindoffossilfuels. B．Therewerenonuclearaccidentsin1986.C．Nuclearpoweriseasyenoughtomake. D．Peoplemayrunoutoffossilfueloneday.26．Thefollowingsentencewouldbestbeplacedattheendof________.“That’swhyweneednewsourcesofenergy.”A．Paragraph1 B．Paragraph3 C．Paragraph4 D．Paragraph527．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ASafeSourceofEnergy? B．TheBestEnergySourceintheWorld!C．EveryoneLovesNuclearPower. D．WeShouldOnlyUseFossilFuels.【短文大意】本文是一篇議論文，主要討論了核能作為許多國家的第一能源是否安全的問題。【答案解析】24．詞意猜測題。根據(jù)第五段“Manypeopledon’twantnuclearpowerintheircountries.”可知，許多人不想在他們國家使用核能；由此推知，核能是不安全的。故it指nuclearpower“核能”。故選B。25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Wejustdon’thaveenoughfossilfuel.However,ifweusenuclearpower,thenwemayhavemoreseriousproblemsinthefuture.”可知，我們只是沒有足夠的礦物燃料。然而，如果我們使用核能，那么在未來，或許我們會有更嚴重的問題。由此推知，D項“有一天人們會用盡礦物燃料”符合語境。故選D。26．推理判斷題?！癟hat’swhyweneednewsourcesofenergy.”表示“那就是我們需要新能源的原因”。根據(jù)第一段談到礦物燃料快用光了；第二段談到一種新的能源；由此推知，該句應用作第一段的結尾句，引出下文。故選A。27．最佳標題題。根據(jù)最后兩段可知，許多人認為核能是不安全的，但越來越多的國家在使用它，那么它到底是否安全，本文就此展開了討論。故選A。COURWorldTEENSApril11，2021Dischargethewastewater?NO!TheJapanesegovernmentrecentlydecidedtodischarge(排放)thewastewaterfromtheFukushimanuclearpowerplant（核電站）intothesea,NikkeiAsiasaidonApril9.Theresolutionisscheduledtobeformallyconfirmedatacabinet（內閣）meetingonApril13.PhotobyXinhuaIn2011,apowerfulearthquake—triggeredtsunamidamagedtheFukushimaplant’scoolingsystem.TokyoElectricPowerCompanyHoldingsInc(TEPCO),theplant’soperator,thenusedwatertocooldownthereactor(反應堆).Thewaterplayingthecoolingfunction,however,iscontaminatedwithradioactivematerialsandhasbeenstoredintanks（箱，罐）attheplant.Accordingtothecabinet,thestoragetanksforwastewaterareexpectedtoreachtheupperlimitbyautumn2022.InlateOctoberlastyear,theJapanesegovernmentsaiditwouldgraduallydischargewastewaterintothesea.Thenewswasimmediatelyprotested（抗議）bythepeopleofJapanandtheworld.Underpressure,theJapanesegovernmenthasyettocarryouttheplan.Manyexpertspointedoutthatoncetheradioactivematerialssuchastritium（氚）inthespentnuclearwateraredischargedintothesea,theywillaccompanytheoceancurrentandpollutemanypartsoftheworld.Infact,thereareotherwaystotreatnuclearwastewater,suchasdischargingintotheatmosphereafterevaporation（蒸發(fā)）andburyingunderground.Themostdirectwayistobuildnewwaterstoragetanksinthenuclearpowerplant.AnalystspointedoutthatintheviewoftheJapanesegovernment,otherwaysaretime—consuming,laboriousandexpensive,andonlydischargingintotheseaisthemostcost—effectiveway.28．WhichisNOTresponsibleforthecontaminatedwaterwithradioactivematerials?A．Earthquake B．Cabinet C．TEPCO D．Tsunami29．Inwhatsectioncanwereadthenews?A．TEPCO B．ScienceStudy C．OurWorld D．Discovery30．Inpara2,theunderlinedsentenceUnderpressure,theJapanesegovernmenthasyettocarryouttheplanprobablymeansthattheJapanesegovernment________.A．stillhasdecidedtodischargethewastewateranywayalthoughpeopleareagainsttheplan,B．hasn’tdumpedthewastewateryetsinceafairnumberofpeopleareagainsttheplanC．hasdecidedtoreleasethewastewaterprettysoonwithnooneagainsttheplan.D．willnevereverdischargethewaterintotheseawithoutthesupportofpeople.31．WhichofthefollowingsistheWrongwaytotreatthewastewater?A．Buildnewwaterstoragetanksinthenuclearpowerplant. B．Dischargeitintotheatmosphereafterevaporation.C．Buryitunderground. D．Dischargeitintotheseadirectly.32．Whatcanweinferfromthenews?A．Thestoragetanksforwastewatercanholdbywinter2022. B．TheJapanesegovernmentplannedtoquicklydischargewastewaterintothesea.C．Dumpingwastewaterintotheseaisthemostcost—effectivewayforall. D．Oncethewastewaterisdischarged,itwillposethreattoall.【短文大意】文章是一篇新聞報道。內容是關于福島核電站的廢水?！敬鸢附馕觥?8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“In2011,apowerfulearthquake—triggeredtsunamidamagedtheFukushimaplant’scoolingsystem.TokyoElectricPowerCompanyHoldingsInc(TEPCO),theplant’soperator,thenusedwatertocooldownthereactor”可知2011年，一場強烈的地震引發(fā)的海嘯破壞了福島核電站的冷卻系統(tǒng)。該核電站的運營商東京電力公司（TEPCO）隨后用水冷卻反應堆。未提到“內閣”。故選B。29．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題目“OURWorld”可知此篇來自《我們的世界》。故選C。30．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線句子“Underpressure,theJapanesegovernmenthasyettocarryouttheplan.”意為“迫于壓力，日本政府尚未實施該計劃?！庇纱送浦毡菊形磧A倒廢水，因為相當多的人反對該計劃。故選B。31．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“oncetheradioactivematerialssuchastritium（氚）inthespentnuclearwateraredischargedintothesea,theywillaccompanytheoceancurrentandpollutemanypartsoftheworld.”可知一旦核廢水排入海洋，它們將伴隨洋流，污染世界許多地區(qū)。所以直接排入大海不可取，是錯誤的。故選D。32．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“oncetheradioactivematerialssuchastritium（氚）inthespentnuclearwateraredischargedintothesea,theywillaccompanytheoceancurrentandpollutemanypartsoftheworld.”可知一旦核廢水排入海洋，它們將伴隨洋流，污染世界許多地區(qū)。由此推知，廢水一旦排放，將對所有人構成威脅。故選D。DChinesePresidentXiJinpingpresentsChina’stopscienceawardtoHuangXuhuaandZengQingcuninBeijing,capitalofChina,Jan,10th2020.Thefollowingissomebasicinformationaboutthe2winners.HuangXuhua,bornin1924inGuangdongprovince.GraduatedfromJiaotongUniversityin1949.Servedinshipbuildingindustry.KnownasthefatherofChina’sownnuclearsubmarine(核潛艇).ZengQingcun,bornin1935inGuangdongprovince.GraduatedfromPekingUniversityin1956,andwenttoSovietUnion(前蘇聯(lián))forfurtherstudy.Servedasameteorologist(氣象學家)。Solvedmanyproblemsinpredictingweather.33．TheceremonytopresentChina’stopscienceawardwasheldin________.A．1949 B．1956 C．202034．WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothephotosandinformation?A．BothawardedscientistsarefromGuangdongprovince,andHuangisolderthanZeng.B．ZengQingcunwenttotheStudentUnionforfurtherstudy,andbecameameteorologist.C．HuangXuhuaworkedintheshipbuildingindustryanddesignedChina’sfirstnuclearsubmarine.35．Wheremightthischart(表格)befrom?A．Anewspaper. B．Atourguide. C．Astorybook.【短文大意】短文主要介紹了中國的兩位科學家黃旭華和曾慶存?！敬鸢附馕觥?3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中ChinesePresidentXiJinpingpresentsChina’stopscienceawardtoHuangXuhuaandZenQingcuninBeijing,capitalofChina,Jan,10th2020.中國習近平主席在2020年1月10日，在中國的首都，北京向黃旭華和曾慶存頒發(fā)中國最高科學獎可知，故答案為C。34．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中HuangXuhua,bornin1924inGuangdongprovince.黃旭華，生于1924年廣東?。籞enQingcun,bornin1935inGuangdongprovince.曾慶存，生于1935年廣東省可知，兩位科學家都來自廣東省，并且黃比曾大，故A項正確；根據(jù)文中GraduatedfromPekingUniversityin1956,andwenttoSovietUnion(前蘇聯(lián))forfurtherstudy.在1956年從清華大學畢業(yè)，去前蘇聯(lián)深造可知，故B項錯誤；根據(jù)文中Servedinshipbuildingindustry.KnownasthefatherofChina’sownnuclearsubmarine(核潛艇).可知，黃旭華在造船業(yè)工作，設計了中國第一艘核潛艇，故C項正確，故答案為B。35．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意可知，這個表格可能來自于報紙，故答案為A。EStrongearthquakeshittheeastofJapanintheafternoonofMarch11,causingseveralmeter-hightsunami(海嘯),whichkilledmorethan10,000peopleinareasalongthecoast.Severalnuclearplants(核電站)atthecoastwerebrokenbytheearthquakeandtsunami.Peoplelivingneartheplantshavebeenaskedtomoveaway.Peoplelivingwithin30kilometersofthefirstplantareaskedtostayindoorsandcloseallwindows.Thebreakingofthenuclearplantsiscausingelectricityshortages(電力短缺)inEasternJapan.Asaresult,electricityiscutofffor3-hourperiodsintheareaofTokyoandsomeotherareasduringdaytime.Inordertosaveelectricity,someshops,restaurantsandtouristplacesintheareasareclosedforsometimeeveryday.Butallmajorairportsandtrainlinesarestillopenandoperating.Fortheabovereasons,touristsareadvisednottovisittheeasternareasinthenearfuture.VisitstoWesternJapanarenotaffectedbytheevent.Peoplewhoplantotraveloverthecomingweeksandmonthsareadvisedtopayattentiontothesituationforafewmoredaysbeforemakingdecisions.36．Thispassagemayprobablybewrittenbya_____.A．scientist B．traveler C．storywriter D．newsreporter37．Peoplelivingneartheplantswereaskedtomoveawaybecause_____.A．therewouldbemoreearthquakesandtsunamisB．severalnuclearplantshadbeenbrokenC．therewereseriouselectricityshortagesD．theirhouseswerewashedawaybythetsunami38．Theyclosedsomeshopsandrestaurantsforsometimeeverydayto____A．a(chǎn)voidmakingelectricityshortagesevenworseB．a(chǎn)voidmorepeoplegettingtogetherC．rebuildtheirbrokenbuildingsD．keepawayfromnuclearradiation(核輻射)39．Whichofthefollowingisright?A．Theearthquakehappenedbeforethetsunami.B．Theearthquakehappenedafterthetsunami.C．TherewasnoelectricityinEasternJapan.D．PeoplewerenotallowedtovisitWesternJapan.【答案解析】36．理解判斷題，縱觀全文可知。37．細節(jié)理解題，由文中語句“Severalnuclearplants(核電站)atthecoastwerebrokenbytheearthquakeandtsunami.Peoplelivingneartheplantshavebeenaskedtomoveaway”可知。38．細節(jié)理解題，由文中語句“Inordertosaveelectricity,someshops,restaurantsandtouristplacesintheareasareclosedforsometimeeveryday.”可知。39．細節(jié)理解題，由文中語句“StrongearthquakeshittheeastofJapanintheafternoonofMarch11,causingseveralmeter-hightsunami(海嘯),”可知。FNuclear（核）power'sdangertohealth,safety,andevenlifeitselfcanbesummedupinoneword:radiation（輻射）.Nuclearradiationhasacertainmystery（神秘）aboutit,partlybecauseitcannotbefoundbyhumansenses.Itcan'tbeseenorheard,ortouchedortasted,eventhoughitmaybeallaroundus.Thereareotherthingslikethat.Forexample,radiowavesareallaroundusbutwecan'tdetectthem,sensethem,withoutaradioreceiver.Similarly,wecan'tsenseradioactivitywithoutaradiationdetector（探測器）.Butunlikecommonradiowaves,nuclearradiationisnotharmlesstohumanbeingsandotherlivingthings.Atveryhighlevels,radiationcankillananimalorhumanbeingcompletelybykillingmasses（塊；團）ofcells（細胞）invital（=veryimportant）organs.Buteventhelowestlevelofradiationcandoseriousdamage.Thereisnolevelofradiationthatiscompletelysafe.Iftheradiationdoesnothitanythingimportant,thedamagemaynotbesignificant.Thisisthecasewhenonlyafewcellsarehit,andiftheyarekilledcompletely,yourbodywillreplacethedeadcellswithhealthyones.Butifthefewcellsareonlydamaged,andiftheyreproducethemselves,youmaybeintrouble.Theyreproducethemselvesinadeformed（畸形）way.Theycangrowintocancer（癌癥）.Sometimesthisdoesnotshowupformanyyears.Thisisanotherreasonforsomeofthemysteryaboutnuclearradiation.Seriousdamagecanbedonewithoutthevictim（犧牲者）beingawareatthetimethatdamagehasoccurred.Apersoncanfeelfine,thendieofcancerfive,ten,ortwentyyearslaterasaresult.Orachildcanbebornweakoreasytohaveseriousillnessasaresultofradiationabsorbed（吸收）byitsgrandparents.Radiationcanhurtus.Wemustknowthetruth.40．Nuclearradiationhasacertainmysterybecause____________.A．peoplecan'tfeelit B．peopleknownothingaboutitC．nuclearradiationisn'tharmfultopeople D．peoplehaven'tanydetectors41．Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A．Wecan'tdetectradioactivityevenwithmodernequipment.B．Onlyradiationatveryhighlevelscankillananimalorhumanbeing.C．Ifafewcellsareonlydamaged，healthycellswilltaketheplaceofdeadones.D．Radiationisharmfulnomatterwhatlevelitis.42．Theword"significant"inparagraph3hasthesimilarmeaningwith____________.A．important B．meaningful C．harmful D．obvious43．Radiationcanhurtusinthatitcan__________.A．a(chǎn)ffectthehealthygrowthofouroffspring（后代）B．damagecellswhichgrowintocanceryearslaterC．killlargenumberofcellsinmainorganssoastocausedeathimmediatelyD．a(chǎn)lloftheabove44．What'stheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Emphasizingtheimportanceofprotectionofradiation.B．Solvingthemysteryaboutradiation.C．Discussingthecauseofcancer.D．Introducingthenuclearpower.45．Thebesttitleforthispassagecanbe________.A．Nuclearradiationinourlife B．IllnessinourlifeC．HowtofindNuclearradiation D．Seriousdamageinourlife【短文大意】這篇短文給我們講述了核輻射的危害。核輻射非常的神秘，因為它看不見、聽不見、摸不著、嘗不到，但是即使最低水平的輻射也會造成嚴重的傷害?！敬鸢附馕觥?0．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第二段Nuclearradiationhasacertainmystery（神秘）aboutit,partlybecauseitcannotbefoundbyhumansenses.Itcan'tbeseenorheard,ortouchedortasted,eventhoughitmaybeallaroundus.可知，核輻射很神秘，部分原因是它不能被人感覺到。故選A。41．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第二段Similarly,wecan'tsenseradioactivitywithoutaradiationdetector可知A不對,在現(xiàn)代儀器的幫助下，可以探測到射線；B選項錯在Only“僅僅，只有”，任何量的輻射都是有害的；根據(jù)第三段Butifthefewcellsareonlydamaged,andiftheyreproducethemselves,youmaybeintrouble.可知C不對，如果僅有部分細胞被傷害，如果它們自己替換，你回遇到麻煩。根據(jù)短文第三段Buteventhelowestlevelofradiationcandoseriousdamage.Thereisnolevelofradiationthatiscompletelysafe.可知，即使最低水平的輻射也能造成嚴重的傷害，沒有任何水平的輻射是完全安全的。故選D。42．詞義猜測題。important重要的；meaningful有意義的；harmful有害的；obvious明顯的。根據(jù)單詞所在的語境Iftheradiationdoesnothitanythingimportant,thedamagemaynotbesignificant.“如果輻射沒有擊中任何重要的東西，損害可能并不……”，significant應表示“嚴重的”，與important意思接近。故選A。43．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第三段以及第四段的內容Atveryhighlevels,radiationcankillananimalorhumanbeingcompletelybykillingmasses（塊；團）ofcells（細胞）invital（=veryimportant）organs.…Butifthefewcellsareonlydamaged,andiftheyreproducethemselves,youmaybeintrouble.Theyreproducethemselvesinadeformed（畸形）way.Theycangrowintocancer（癌癥）.….Orachildcanbebornweakoreasytohaveseriousillnessasresultofradiationabsorbed（吸收）byitsgrandparents.可知，A、B和C三項都是核輻射對我們的危害。故選D。44．推理判斷