英語語法大全

1攻克英語語法、踏上英語學(xué)習(xí)成功之路作為中國人，要學(xué)習(xí)與我們的母語完全不同的英語，就必須從英語語法入手。如果將英語比作一座大廈，那么語法就是構(gòu)成整個大廈的水泥框架，詞匯和短語則是構(gòu)成墻壁的磚瓦，沒有堅(jiān)實(shí)的骨架，大廈是無法建成的。為了我們的英語大廈更加宏偉，讓我們從現(xiàn)在起精心構(gòu)建它的骨架。什么是語法？語法就是造句的方法。學(xué)習(xí)語法就是為了我們能夠造出無數(shù)優(yōu)美、正確的英語句子。2.十六種時態(tài)及十種被動語態(tài);3.名詞性從句（包括主語從句、賓語從句、4.定語從句;13.冠詞、名詞、動詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞等的用法。謂、賓、表、定、狀、補(bǔ)、同、呼）1.主語：A.在主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語是謂語動詞動作的發(fā)出者；B.在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語是系動詞之前的部分；C.在Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語是系動詞be之后的部分。（由名詞、名詞短語、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、V-ing形式和主語從句充當(dāng)）一個淘氣的孩子打碎了我的車窗。練習(xí)彈鋼琴每天要花費(fèi)我一個小時的時間。2他昨天的所作所為令人生氣。Whathedidyesterdaymadehisparentsangry.一只黃鼠狼偷吃了我的大公雞。一個淘氣的孩子打碎了我的車窗。我買了本新版英語字典。他昨天抓住了一個小偷。Shekeepsacutemonkeyasherpet.1）根據(jù)動詞在句中的功能，可分為四類：實(shí)意動詞(NotionalVerb):是具有實(shí)際動作意義的詞，可以直接跟賓語或加介詞后跟賓Weworkhard.系動詞(LinkVerb):是連接主語和表語以及幫助實(shí)意動詞構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)及疑問句、否定句、被動語態(tài)的詞。有:be,am,is,are,was,were,beingThehousehasbeensoldMybikeisbeingrepairedbymyfathe助動詞(AuxiliaryVerb):是幫助實(shí)意動詞構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)及疑問句、否定句的詞。有:do,does,3Shedidn’tdoherhomeIhavebeenateacherforfifteenyears.Hadyoufinishedyourhomeworkwhenyourmothergothomelastevening?情態(tài)動詞(ModalVerb):是一種本身有一定的詞義，表示說話人的情緒，態(tài)度或語氣的動詞，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能和其他動詞原形構(gòu)成謂語、否定句及疑Youmustlearnitbyyourself.Shallwehaveapartythisweekend?WhocanhelpmelearnEnglish?說明：有些情況下，有些動詞是兼類詞，例如:Wearehavingameeting.（having是實(shí)義動詞）2）動詞根據(jù)其后是否帶有賓語，可分為兩類，分別是：及物動詞(TransitiveVerb):可以直接跟賓語的動詞；不及物動詞(IntransitiveVerb):加了介詞之后才能跟賓語的動詞。縮寫形式分別為vt.和vi.。3.賓語：在主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動詞動作的承受者。（由名詞、名詞短語、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、V-ing形式和賓語從句充當(dāng)）一只黃鼠狼偷吃了我的大公雞。一個淘氣的孩子打碎了我的車窗。小紅贏了比賽。我每天練習(xí)彈鋼琴。ShekeepsacutemonkeyHerefusedtohelp.4Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（數(shù)詞）Hegavemeabookyesterday.ShetaughtmeEnglishforthreeyears.4.表語：在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中，跟在系動詞之后對主語進(jìn)行修飾說明的部分。（由名詞、名詞短語、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、V式、過去分詞和表語從句充當(dāng)）Thepersonthatshewantstoma51）狀態(tài)系動詞：用來表示主語的狀態(tài)，只有be,am,is,are,was,were,being,Wearestudents.2）持續(xù)系動詞：用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep,rest,remain,Healwayskeptsilentatmeetings.Thismatterrestsamystery.Thevillagestandsatthefootofthehi3）表像系動詞：用來表示"看起來像"這一概念，主要有seem,appear,look等詞，例如：4）感官系動詞：感官系動詞主要有feel,smell,sound,taste等詞，例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.這種布手感很軟。Thisflowersmellsverysweet.這朵花聞起來很香。5）變化系動詞：這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，變化系動詞主要有become,grow,Hebecamemadafterthat.Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.6）終止系動詞：表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove,turnout等詞，表達(dá)"證實(shí)"，Therumorprovedfalse.Thesearchproveddifficult.注意：可帶名詞作表語的系動詞be,become,make,look,sound,fall,prove,remain,turn等。注意：turn后接的單數(shù)名詞前多不用冠詞。Thedishsmellsdelici5.定語：用來修飾或限定一個名詞的詞、短語或從句。（由名詞、冠詞、代詞、形容詞、不定式、V-ing形式、過去分詞和定語從句充當(dāng)）6一位男老師將教我們英語。我有很多事情要做。在事故中被壓死的狗是他的。他就是我昨天在公園見到的那個老外。Amandoctorwilltakecareofyou.mum.英語中的定語和漢語中的定語的最大差別在于它所處的位置，漢語中無論是詞、短語或句子作定語時，都放在被修飾詞之前，而英語中，只有單個的詞或復(fù)合形容詞作定語時才放在被修飾詞之前，其它情況全部放在被修飾詞之后。英語中的定語種類有十余種，下面我們分類學(xué)習(xí)：1）單個的名詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、代詞、V-ing、P.P.及復(fù)合形容詞作定語，放在被修飾詞前。amandoctorawomanteacheraboystudentababygirlabeautifulgirlalovelybabyanicepresentanhonestboythreetoysfivepeopleeightelephantsnineyearsthisbookthosepensmybrotheryoursisterboilingwateranexcitinggameaswimmingpoolareadingroomthesleepingbabyadancingcattheshoutingcrowdthecryinggirlboiledwatertheexcitedaudienceadisappointedmotherawarm-heartedwelcomeacold-bloodedkillerawhite-hairedwoman2)“什么地方的什么”=the+N.+介詞短語thepictureonthewall墻上的畫兒架子上的書盒子里的貓thebirdsinthetree樹上的鳥theholeinthewall墻上的洞thelampovermyhead我頭頂?shù)臒魌hestudentsinourclass我們班的學(xué)生themanstandingthere站在那里的男子thedogbarkingnow正在吠叫的狗thegirlsingingonthestage正在舞臺上唱歌的女孩theboyswimmingintheriver正在河里游泳的男孩4)“正在被怎么樣的人或物”=the+N+being+P.7thebridgebeingbuiltnow正在被建的橋themeetingbeingheldnow正在被召開的會議theboybeingpunishedbyourteacher正在被我們老師懲罰的學(xué)生themeetingtobeheldtomorrowmorning明早將要被召開的會議thestudenttobesenttoAmericabyourschool將被我們學(xué)校送往美國的學(xué)生theschooltobesetupinthevillage將被建在這個村子里的學(xué)校themankilledintheaccidentlastnight昨晚在事故中被壓死的人thebridgebuiltlastyear去年被建成的橋themeetingheldyesterday昨天被召開的會議themaninablackT-shirt穿著黑色T恤的男子thegirlinaredmini-skirt穿著紅色迷你裙的女孩themaninasuit穿著西服套裝的男子themaninblack穿著黑衣的人thegirlinred穿著紅色衣服的女孩thewomaninblue穿著藍(lán)色衣服的女士theboyingreen穿著綠色衣服的男孩9)副詞做定語一般后置=the+N+adv.thestudentshere這里的學(xué)生themanoverthere那邊的男子passengersaboard車（船、飛機(jī)）上的乘客10)形容詞（形容詞短語）做后置定語=the+N+adj.+LA+TAaroomlagreenoughtohold100people大到能容納100人的房間abasketfulloffruits裝滿水果的籃子aboycleverenoughtospeakthreelanguages聰明到會說三種語言的男孩agirlofherownage和她年齡相同的女孩birdsofafeather相同羽毛的鳥thebottlesofthesameshape相同形狀的瓶子12)“有什么的人或物“=the/a+N+agirlwithlonghair長發(fā)女孩aboywithbigeyes大眼睛的男孩Theteacherwho/thattaughtmeEnglishatthisschoollastyearThethiefwho/thatstolemywalletyesterdayTheN(人)+who/that+be+P.PThethiefwho/thatwascaughtbyapolicemanyesterdayThegirl(whom/that)Imetint8Theoldman(whom/that)IhelpedyesterdayThedogwhich/thatbitmeintheparkyesterdayThehorsewhich/thatranawaylastweekTheN(物)+which/that+be+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA(Thedogwhich/thatwaskilledintheaccidentyesterdayThebook(which/that)IboughtyesterdayThemanwhosesonisadoctorinthishospitalTheroomwhosedoorisgreenSuchpeopleasIgottoknowinAmeSuchbooksasIboughtyesterdaySocleveraboyasalltheteacherslikeTheN(時間)+when/介詞+which+S+V+O+LA(先行詞作狀語)Theyearwhen/inwhichIstudiedEnglishinAmericaThemuseum(which/that)IvisitedlastweekTheschool(which/thatTheN(地點(diǎn))+where/介詞+which+S+V+O+TA(先行詞作狀語)Thefactorywhere/inwhichmyfatherworksThefarmwhere/onwhichIworkedlastyearThereason(which/that)hemadeupThereason(which/that)hetoldmeThereason+why/forwhich+S+V+O+LA+TA(先行詞作狀語)Thereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tgotoschoolyesterdayThereasonwhy/forwhichIpunishedyou6.狀語：說明謂語動詞動作所處的狀態(tài)（包括時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、比較、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式（由副詞、介詞短語、不定式、V-ing形式、過去分詞和狀語從句充當(dāng)）在一個寧靜的夜晚，他們誓血為盟。盡管在下雨，他們繼續(xù)工作。即使你給我買票，我也不會跟你去看電影。為了練習(xí)發(fā)音，我每天都模仿VOA。9當(dāng)從山頂看時，我們學(xué)校看起來很漂亮。7.補(bǔ)語(賓語補(bǔ)足語)：跟在賓語之后對賓語進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明的句子成分。（由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、V-ing形式、過去分詞）我們選他當(dāng)班長。這場激烈的比賽令所有觀眾都很興奮。母親每天都讓我朗讀英語。他讓我們等了兩個小時。據(jù)預(yù)測美國民眾將再次選奧巴馬為總統(tǒng)。請讓我進(jìn)去。Wewillmakehimmonitor.Thegoodnewsmadeushappy.Thenewsthatourteamhadwonthematchmadeusexcited.8.同位語：表示同一主體的兩個不同的詞、短語或從句。（由名詞、名詞短語、同位語從句）我們學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。我最好的朋友小明將去美國留學(xué)。誰下學(xué)期將教我們英語的問題尚未得到答復(fù)。我們隊(duì)贏了比賽的消息讓我們興奮。眾所周知英語變得越來越重要的事實(shí)。我們明天要考試的消息已經(jīng)公布了。我們可以怎樣進(jìn)一步合作的問題將在會議上討論。everyone.ThequestionwhowillteachusEnglishwillb英語的基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)只有三種：1.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)；2.主系表結(jié)構(gòu)；3.Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)。主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)又有可引申出三種：1.主謂狀結(jié)構(gòu)；2.主謂+雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)；3.主謂賓+賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。IreadEnglishintheclassroomeveryday.Sheplaysthepianoattentivelyathomeeveryevening.Shewasverybeautifulwhenshewasinhertwenties.IwasinBeijinglastSunTherewasatreeintheyardtwoyearsago.Sheboughtatieformelastweek.=Sheboughtmeatielastweek.MarygaveabooktoTomyesterday.=MarygaveTomabookyesterday.WemadeTommonitoryesterday.Thegoodnewsmadeushappy.Thepainisdrivingmemad.MymothergetsmetoreadEnglisheveryday.Heshotthewolfdead.下面我們學(xué)習(xí)通過在基本句型中加入定語、各種狀語等的方式來造復(fù)雜的英文句子的方法。我們將其稱為：積木式造句法。Ahandsomeboymetabeautifulgirl.AhandsomeboywhowaswearingablackT-shirtmetabeautifulgirlthatwasdressedinaredmini-skirt.AhandsomeboywhowaswearingablackT-shirtmetabeautifulgirlthatwasdressedinaredminiskirtintheparkyesterday.ThehandsomemanismyEnglishteacher.ThehandsomemanwhoisstandingtheretalkingwithmymotherismyEnglishteacherthathasbeenteachingmeathishomeforthreeyears.ThereisanEnglishbookonChinesehistory,whichwaswrittenbyafamousBritishhistorian,onthedeskthatstandsnearthewindow.積木式造句法是英語學(xué)習(xí)中最簡潔明了的造句方法，同學(xué)們一定要多加練習(xí)、熟練掌握。通過這種造句方法我們可以造出大量語法正確、意思清楚地句子，為我們的英語寫作打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。時態(tài)的概念：時態(tài)用來說明一個動作發(fā)生地時間或多個動作發(fā)生的時間順序及所處的狀態(tài)。時態(tài)分為16種主動語態(tài)和10種被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)是以動作的發(fā)出者作主語的句子；被動語態(tài)是以動作的承受著作主語的句子。下面我們分開進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)：注：加粗的10種時態(tài)具有被動語態(tài)，其余6種則沒有。P表語、A定語、MA方式狀語、LA地點(diǎn)狀語、LV系動詞、TA時間狀語、OA其他狀語、TP時間段。1.經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作；2.習(xí)慣性的動作；3.客觀事實(shí)和真理。a.陳述句肯定句：表示主語經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣于做什么。Sheplaysthepianoattentivelyathomeeveryday.WereadEnglisheveryday.Wedon’tlikeplayingfootball.Tomdoesn’tspeakChinc.表示“常常，通?！盿lways,often,sometimes,rarely,frequently,never,seldom,occasionally,usuaHeoftencomestoseeme.Wesometimesstayuplate.Myfatherisalwaysbusy.Doyouhavelunchathomeeveryday?Doessheplaythepianoatschooleveryday?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.e.選擇疑問句式：表示主語經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣于做A還是是做B。Doesyourfriendplayfootballorbasketball?Doyougotoworkbybusorbybike?HecomesfromNorway,doesn’the?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.YoulikeEnglishbest,don’tyou?.Yourfatherdoesn’tsmoke,doeshe?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.Hedoesn’tspeakEnglish,doeshe?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.g.特殊疑問句式：提問主語在什么時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等做什么。Whatdoessheplayatschooleveryday?Wheredoyouhaveluncheveryday?Aren’tyoubusytoday?Whydon’tyoutellhimthetruth?Whyisn’tthereabridgeovertheriver?Hebecomesusedtoloneliness.Heisaccustomedtogettingupearly.Openthedoor,please.Don’ttellyourmotherIdrankbeerjustnow,please.Gotothecinemawithmethisevening,will/won’tyou?Don’topenthedoor,Letushelpthem,willyou?a.陳述句肯定句式：表示主語現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前是什么、怎么樣、在哪里。Theyareintelligent.b.陳述句否定句式：表示主語現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前不是什么、不怎么樣、不在哪里。Theyaren’tintheclc.一般疑問句式：提問主語現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前是什么、怎么樣、在哪里嗎。Aretheyintelligent?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.IsyourfatherateacheroradoctAreyourfriendsfromAmericaorEngland?Youareastudent,aren’tyou?Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.Iamagoodboy,aren’tI?Yes,yof.特殊疑問句式：提問主語現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前是什么、怎么樣、在哪里嗎Becarefulnexttime,please.Don’tbelateagain,please.Bemorecarefulnexttime,will/won’tyou?Don’tbeangry,willyou?③Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前什么地方有什么。Therearefivepeopleinmyfamily.ThereisnotanywaterintheglaTherearen’tanystudYes,thereare./No,therearen’t.Arethereanyforeignstudentsinyourclass?No,therearen’t.Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?2.一般過去時：1.表示主語過去經(jīng)常做什么或習(xí)慣于做什么；2.表示過去某一時間發(fā)生某事；3.表示主語過去是什么、怎么樣、在哪里；4.表示過去什么地方有什么。①主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：表示在過去的某個時間主語做過什么或某事發(fā)生過。Thehunterkilledawolfintheforestlastnight.Wedidn’tplayfootballatschoolyesterdayafternoon.Didyouseehimintheparkyesterdayafternoon?Didhetellyouthenewsthatwewillhaveathree-dayholidaynextweek?Didyourfriendsplayfootballorbasketballyesterdayafternoon?Didyougotoschoolbybusorbybikethismorning?Youplayedfootballyesterdayafternoon,didn’tyou?Yes,wedid./No,wedidn’t.Youdidn’tgotoschoolyeWhoplayedfootballyesterday?WhatdidyoudolastSunday?Wheredidyougolastevening?HowdidyougotoXi’anyesterday?Wasn’tthatyourgirlfriendonthebusjustnow?Weren’tyoubusyyesterday?Didn’tyouknowthatTomhadstolenyourwatch?Whywasn’tthereabridgeovertherivertwoyearsago?②主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：表示主語過去是什么、怎么樣、在哪里。Hewasateacherinthisschooltwoyearsago.Shewasverybeautifulwhenshewasinhertwenties.Tomwasn’tapolicemantwoyearsago.Weweren’tathomelastevening.Shewasn’tbeautifulwhenshewasyoung.Wassheaworkertwoyearsago?Washeveryhandsomewhenhewasyoung?Wasyourfatherateacheroradoctorinthepast?WereyourfriendsinAmericaorEnglandlastyear?YouwereinXi’anyesterday,weren’tyou?Yes,Iwas./No,IwasHewasagoodboyinthepast,wYes,hewas./No,hewasn’t.Whatwashetwoyearsago?Wherewereyoulastmonth?③Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的句式：表示過去什么地方有什么。Therewasatreeinmyyardtwoyearsago.Therewerewolvesintheforestinthepast.Therewasn’taschoolinthisvillagetenyearThereweren’tanystudentsintheclassroomjustnow.Wasthereatempleonthetopofthemountainyearsago?Weretheremonkeysintheparkinthepast?Whatwasthereinmyyardtwoyearsago?Whereweretheremonkeysinthepast?Thereweretwotreesinyourgardeninthepast,weren’tthere?Yes,therewere./No,thereweren’t.Therewasn’tanymoneyinyourpocket,wasthere?Yes,therewas./No,therewasn’t.①主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：表示主語在將來的某個時間將要做什么。Iamgoingtovisitmyteacheratherhometomorrow.SheisgoingtostudyinAmericaWearenotgoingtoplayfootballthisafternoon.Areyougoingtohelpustomorrow?Isshegoingtomarryherboyfriendnextmonth?Areyougoingtoplayfootballorbasketballatschoolthisafternoon?AreyougoingtogotoBeijingbyplaneorbytrainnextmonth?Youaregoingtobuyadictionarythisafternoon,aren’tyou?Tomisn’tgoingtogetmarriednextmWhatareyougoingtodonextSunday?Whoisgoingtomarryhernextmonth?Weshallnothaveapartythisevening.Iwillnotgotothecinemawithherthisevening.Willtheygototheparkthisafternoon?Willyouhelpcarrythebox?Shallweplayfootballorbasketballatschoolthisafternoon?WillyougotoXi’anbybusorbycartomorrowmorning?Weshallcleantheclassroomafterclass,shan’twe?Yes,weshall./No,weshan’t.TomwillgotoTibettomorrow,won’the?Yes,hewill./No,shewon’t.Whowillcleantheclassroomthisafternoon?Whenwillyougotoseehim?Themeetingistostartat2:30.Theyareleaving.②主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：表示主語將來將會是什么、怎么樣、在哪里。Mymotherwillbeverybusytomorrow.TomwillbeinXi’antomorrow.Mybrotherisnotgoingtobeapolicemanaftergraduation.Iwon’tbeathometomorrowmorning.Areyougoingtobeateacherinthefuture?Willyoubeathometomorrowevening?Areyougoingtobeateacherorabusinessmaninthefuture?WillyoubeinXi’anorinYanliangtomorrow?YouaregoingtobeateacheSheisnotgoingtobeanurseaftergraduation,isshe?TomwillbeinXi’antomorrow,isn’the?Youwon’tbeathometomorrowevening,willyou?WhatareyougoingtobeintheWhereisyourmothergoingtobetomorrow?Whenwillyoubeatofficetomorrow?WhywillyoubeinXi’antomorrow?③Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的句式：表示將來什么地方將會有什么。Thereisgoingtobeafootballmatchatourschooltomorrowafternoon.Therewillbeaheavyrainthisevening.Thereisn’tgoingtobeabasketballmatchatourschooltomorrow.Therewon’tbeanystudentsintheclassroomthisevening.Thereisgoingtobeameetingthisafternoon,isn’tthere?Therewillbeatesttomorrowmorning,won’tthere?Thereisn’tgoingtobeanexcitingmovieonTVthisevening,isthTherewon’tbeanystudentsintheclassroomthisafternoon,willthere?Aretheregoingtobemanypeopleatyourpartythisevening?WilltherebeanAmericanteacheratyourschoolnextterm?Howmanyforeignteachersaretheregoingtobeinyourschoolnextyear?Howmanypeoplewilltherebeatyourpartythisevening?①主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：表示從過去某個時間來看將來某個時間主語將做某事。通常作賓語從Ineverthought(that)youwouldbringmeagiftformybirthday.Hetoldme(that)hewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.Hesaid(that)hewouldnothelpustheneSheasked(me)whether/ifIwouldtakepartinherweddingonthatSunday.Hewantedtoknowwhether/ifwewouldhaveapartythatnight.Heasked(ourheadteacher)whowouldteachusEnglishthenextterm.IneverthoughtthatIwouldbeateacherwhenIgrewup.HetoldmethathewouldbeinNewYorkthenextmonth.Hesaidthathewouldnotbeathomethenextday.Ihadthoughtthathewouldn’tbeathomewhenIwenttoseehim.Sheasked(me)whetherIwouldbeadoctoraftergraduation.Hewantedtoknowwhetherwewouldbeathomethatevening.Heasked(me)whowouldbeourEnglishteacherthenextterm.Iasked(her)whereshewouldbethat③Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：表示從過某個時間來看將來某個時間什么地方將會有什么。通常HetoldmethattherewouldbeafootballmatchonTVthatevening.Ineverthoughtthattherewouldbesomanypeopleatherparty.Hesaid(that)therewouldnotbeamovieonTVthatevening.Ineverthoughtthattherewouldn’tbeanyfoodinmyrefrigerator.Sheasked(me)whether/iftherewouldbeafootballmatchatourschoolthatafternoon.Hewantedtoknowwhether/iftherewouldbeastormthatevening.Heasked(me)howmanypeopletherewouldbeatourEnglishpartythatevening.5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：表示此時此刻或當(dāng)前一段時間主語正在做某事或某事正在發(fā)生。Theyareplayingbasketballhappilyontheplaygroundnow.MyparentsarewatchingTVinthelivingroomnow.IamnotwatchingTVathomenow.TheyarenotlearningEnglishintheclassroomnow.YourparentsarewatchingTVinthelivingroom,aren’tthey?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.Youarenotlearninginyourstudynow,areyou/IssheplayingthepianoinherroomnoAretheylearningEnglishintheclassroomnow?Aretheyplayingfootballorbasketballontheplaygroundnow?AreyoulearningEnglishorwatchingTVathomenow?WhoissinginginthenWherearetheyplayingfootballnow?Whyaren’tyousleepingnow?6.過去進(jìn)行時：表示在過去的某個時間主語正在做某事或某事正在發(fā)生。atthistimeyesterdaymorning/afternoon/evening;IwaswatchingTVatthistimelastevening.TheywerelearningEnglishwhenIwenttoseethem.IwasnotwatchingTVathomeatnineo’clocklastevening.TheywerenotlearningEnglishintheclassroomwhenIwenttoseethem.Yourmotherwascookingsupperwhenyougothome,weren’tshe?Yes,shewas./No,shewasn’t.YouwerenotlearningEnglishinyourstudythen,wereyou?Yes,Iwas./No,IwasWassheplayingthepianoinherroomatthistimelastevening?Yes,shewas./No,shewasn’t.WeretheylearningEnglishintheclassroomwhenyougotthere?Yes,theywere./No,theyweren’t.thismorning?Theywereplayingfootball.WereyoulearningEnglishorwatchingTVathomewhenyourmothergothome?IwaslearningEnglishwhenmymothergothome.Whowassinginginthenextroomjustnow?Whereweretheyplayingfootballatthistimeyesterdayafternoon?Whyweren’tyousleepingattwelveo’clocklastnight?Whywasn’tshelearningEnglishinherstudyatthistimelastev7.將來進(jìn)行時：表示在將來的某個時間主語將會正在做某事或某事正在發(fā)生。atthistimetomorrowmorning/afternoon/eveninI’mgoingtobelearningEnglishatthistimetomorrowmorning.Wewillbehavingapartyatthistimetomorrowevening.I’mnotgoingtobelearningEnglishinAmericafromJunetoAugustnextyear.evening.Yourmotherisgoingtobecookingsupperwhenyougethome,isYes,Iwill./No,IwoAreyougoingtobelearningEnglishinAmericafromJunetoAugustnextyear?Willyoubeplayingbasketballatthistimetomorrowmorning?AreyougoingtobelearningEnglishorJapaneseatthistimetomorrowmorning?AreyougoingtobelearningEnglishorwatchingTVathomethisevening.Willtheybeplayingfootballorbasketballontheplaygroundatnineo’clocktomorrowmorning?Whatareyougoingtobedoingatthistimetomorrowafternoon?Wherewillyoubewaitingformethisevening?Whywon’tyoubelearningEnglishatnineo’clocktomorrowmorning?Whywon’ttheybewaitingforusattheschoolgatetomorrowmorning?8.過去將來進(jìn)行時：表示從過去某個時間來看將來某個時間主語將會正在做某事或某事正在發(fā)HetoldmethathewouldbestudyinginEnglandfromMaytoJulythenextyear.Theteachersaidthatwewouldbehavingatesttomorrowmorning.Hesaid(that)hewouldnotbeplayingfootballatschoolthatafternoon.Ihadthought(that)hewouldn’tbeattendingthemeetingthatevening.Sheasked(me)whether/ifIwouldbehavingapartythatSaturdayevening.Hewantedtoknowwheththatevening.Heaskedwhatwewouldbedoingatthattimethenextday.Hewantedtoknowwhowouldbegivingusaspeechthenextmorning.9.現(xiàn)在完成時:①主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：表示到目前為止主語已經(jīng)做過某事或某事已經(jīng)發(fā)生。Ihavealreadyseenthemovie.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschoolinthepastfewyears.Ihavenotreadthebookcarefullyyet.Shehasn’tfinishedherhomeworkyet.Youhavealreadytoldhimthegoodnews,haven’tyou?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.Yes,hehas./No,hehasn’t.Haveyoutoldhimthenewsyet?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.HasMaryfinishedherhomeworkyet?Yes,shehas./No,shehasn’t.Whathaveyoudonetomydog?Whathavehappenedinourschoolinthepastfewyears?②主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：表示到目前為止主語已經(jīng)一直是什么、怎么樣、在哪里多IhavebeenateacherinthisschoolforfiHehasbeendeadfortwoyears.Myfatherhasbeenoutfortwohours.TomhasbeeninChinaforthreeyears.Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.Ihaven’tbeenabigbrotherformanyyears.Shehasn’tbeenwellforthreedaMyfatherhasn’tbeenhomefortwomonths.Youhavebeenabusinessmanforfiveyears,haven’tyou?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.Yes,shehas./No,shehasn’t.HaveyoubeeninChinafortwentyyears?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.Hasyourmotherbeenanursefortwenty-fiveyears?Yes,shehas./No,shehasn’t.Whohasbeenaworkerinthisfactoryforthirtyyears?HowmanyyearshasTombeeninChina?③Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：表示到目前為止什么地方已經(jīng)有過什么或有什么多長時間了。TherehavebeengreatchangesinChinasince1978.TherehasbeenabridgeovertheriversincetheTangDynasty.Therehavebeenthreeaccidentsinonemonth.Therehasn’tbeenmuchprogressinyourEnglishinthepastfewyears.Therehaven’tbeenmanybooksonthattopicsince2000.Therehasbeenanaccident,hasn'tthere?Yes,therehas./No,therehasn’t.Therehaven’tbeenanychangesinthiscity,havethere?Yes,therehave./No,therehaven’t.HastherebeenawomanpresidentinAmericanhistory?Yes,therehas./No,therehasn’t.HavetherebeenalotofchangesinyourcityiYes,therehave./No,therehaven’t.HowmanyUSPresidentshavetherebeeninhistory?Therehavebeen44menwhoservedasUSPresidentasof2015.Howmanymoonlandingshavetherebeeninhumanhistory?Therehavebeenfourmoonlandingsinhumanhistory.①主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：表示在過去某一時間之前主語已經(jīng)做過某事或某事已經(jīng)發(fā)生。Ihadalreadyfinishedmyhomeworkwhenmymothergothome.Tomhadlearnt3000Englishwordsbytheendoflastmonth.IhadneverseenaforeignerbeforeIleftmyhometownforuniversity.Shehadn’tcookeddinneryetwhenherhusbandgothome.Youhadalreadyseenhimbeforetheparty,hadn’tyou?Yes,Ihad./No,IhadTomhadn’tlearntChinesebeforecomingtoChina,hadhe?Yes,hehad./No,hehadn’t.Hadtheplaystartedwhenyougottothecinema?Hadtheyleftwhenyougottotheparty?Whathadhappenedwhenyougotthere?Whohadalreadyleftwhenwegottotheparty?②主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：表示在過去的某個時間之前主語已經(jīng)一直是什么、怎么樣、在哪里多IhadbeenateacherinthisschoolfornineyearswhenIresigned.Hehadbeenillfortwoyearsbeforehedied.HehadbeeninthecountysidefortwentyyearsbeforeheleftforShenzhen.Hehadn’tbeenwellforalongtimebeforehewassenttohospital.Hehadn’tbeenintouchwithusfortwentyyearsbeforethereunion.Shehadbeenillforfiveyearsbeforehedied,hadn’tshe?Yes,shehad./No,shehadn’t.Hadtheybeeninloveforfiveyearsbeforetheygot