Unit2語法思維導(dǎo)圖及專練(原卷版+解析)-度八年級英語下冊基礎(chǔ)知識專項講練(人教版)

Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.（語法講練）【知識導(dǎo)圖】【要點拓展】1、動詞（短語）用作介詞賓語時通常要用v.-ing形式，但but與except等詞后要接動詞不定式（短語）。如果but和except前有實義動詞do，不定式（短語）的to通常要省去。Ihavenochoicebuttostayhere.我別無選擇只能留在這里。HedidnothinglastSundaybutrepairhisbike.上星期天他除了修理他的自行車外什么也沒做。（but前有實義動詞did，因此不定式短語不帶to）2、不定式（短語）作動詞find、think等的賓語，常用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放在句末。Ithoughtitbesttocallfirst.我認為最好還是先打個電話。3、在表示感官、使役等意義的動詞（短語）后，要用不帶to的不定式（短語）作賓語補足語。常見的：這類動詞（短語）有feel、hear、listento、see、watch、lookat、notice等。但是，句子是被動語態(tài)時，不能省略to。SheheardTomgoupstairs.她聽見湯姆上樓了。Theworkersaremadetowork12hoursaday.工人們被迫一天工作12小時。Shewasseentoreadunderthetree.（有人）看見她在樹下看書。4、不用不定式（短語）作賓語補足語的動詞有hope、agree、demand、suggest、insist等。我希望你早點來。【誤】Ihopeyoutocomeearlier.【正】Ihopeyoucomeearlier.不定式有標記，to與動詞連一起。沒有人稱數(shù)變化，動詞特點它具備。主賓定狀表補語，唯獨作謂不可以。not加上不定式，否定結(jié)構(gòu)要牢記。不定式有標記，to與動詞連一起。沒有人稱數(shù)變化，動詞特點它具備。主賓定狀表補語，唯獨作謂不可以。not加上不定式，否定結(jié)構(gòu)要牢記。疑問詞與不定式，構(gòu)成短語有意義。仔細推敲多思考，準確判斷有依據(jù)?！局R導(dǎo)圖】【要點拓展】1.“動詞+介詞”型短語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)的短語動詞，跟賓語時，無論賓語是名詞還是代詞，都應(yīng)該放在其后。Englishpeoplelovetotalkabouttheweather.英格蘭人喜歡談?wù)撎鞖?。Ifshefelthewasright,shewouldagreewithhim.如果她覺得他是對的，就會同意他的看法?！皠釉~+副詞”型短語。有些“動詞+副詞”的短語動詞不能跟賓語。如comeback回來、falldown倒下、getup起床、holdon別掛斷（電話）等。Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?你長大以后想做什么？（2）有些“動詞+副詞”的短語動詞可以跟賓語，若賓語是名詞，可以把賓語放在副詞后，也可以把賓語放在動詞和副詞之間；若賓語是代詞，賓語只能放在動詞和副詞之間。Jaketurnedonhiscomputerandcheckedhismail.杰克打開電腦查看電子郵件。Mummy,canyoupickmeup?媽媽，把我抱起來好嗎？【同步檢測】一、單項選擇1．—Dad,couldyoupleasetellme________mycar?—Parkithere.A．wheretopark B．howtopark C．whentopark2．Teachersoftentellus________intheriver.It’sdangerous.A．nottoswim B．notswimming C．toswim3．NotknowinghowseriousthepollutionismakesMike________evenmorepaper.A．waste B．wastes C．wasting4．ThekitesontheInternetareverycheap,butMilliedoesn’tknow________them.A．whytobuy B．whattobuy C．howtobuy D．whotobuy5．Thetrafficsignswarnpeople________afterdrinking.A．todrive B．nottodrive C．driving D．drived6．Remember________rubbishwhenyouarevisitingtheschool.A．nottothrow B．notthrowing C．throwing D．tothrow7．I’vejustwatchedaTVprogrammeaboutspace.Ihope________onthemoononeday.A．walk B．walked C．walking D．towalk8．TheBirdwatchingSocietygoestoZhalongNatureReservethebirdseveryyear.A．tocount B．counting C．count D．counts9．—Myparentsalwaysaskme________manythings.I’mtootired.—Well,theyjustexpectyou________alotofskillsinorderthatyoucanhaveabrightfuture.A．tolearn;have B．learn;have C．tolearn;tohave D．learn;tohave10．It’sveryimportantforyoungchildren__________howtodosomethingalone.A．learn B．learning C．tolearn11．Thesepoorchildrenreallyneedahouse________.A．tolive B．livein C．tolivein12．—Whyareyouworkingsohard?—________intoagoodhighschoolandafamousuniversity.A．Toget B．Get C．Getting13．Asteenagers,weshouldn’t________ourparentstoomuch.A．lookup B．carefor C．dependon D．a(chǎn)greewith14．Therearesomebooksinthebox.Couldyouplease________?A．takeitout B．takethemout C．takeoutit D．takeoutthem15．Afterthegame,theheadmaster________thetrophies(獎品)toallthosestudentswhowon.Andthosewhofaileddecidedtopracticehardertowinnexttime.A．carriedout B．gaveout C．foundout16．Don’tworry—-thingsaregoingto________intheend.A．workout B．hangout C．helpout17．—HowdoesMr.Brownteachhisstudentsnewwords?—Heoften________interestingstorieswiththenewwords.A．looksup B．staysup C．makesup D．putsup18．StudentsinChangchunhavestudiedathomeformorethanamonthbecauseoftheoutbreak（疫情）andeverybodyhopesthings________.A．workout B．cutout C．giveout D．putout19．Iwaslateforschoolbecausemyalarmdidn’t________.A．getoff B．cutoff C．putoff D．gooff20．Ibuyanewspaperonmywayhome,andsometimesI_______itonthebus.A．lookafter B．lookthrough C．lookfor D．lookat二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空21．TouchedbydoctorsandnursesinWuhan,LiMingwants________(be)adoctorwhenhegrowsup.22．Socialworkersinourcommunityarepatientenough_______(explain)howtoregisterHuaishangtong(注冊淮上通).23．Henry’suncleisplanning____(take)atriptoDunhuangnow.24．MymotherandIwenttotheairport________（meet）myfatheryesterday.25．Manypeoplegothere________(enjoy)theirvacationeveryyear.26．Itisnecessaryforyou_________(organize)yourideasfirstbeforeyouwriteanarticle.27．—Couldyoupleasetellmewhere________(buy)thebook?—Yes.InanyXinhuaBookshop.28．Everyoneshoulddowhathecan________(protect)theenvironment.29．Mikewastooslow________(write)downallthekeywords.30．Thebesttime_________(plant)treesisinspring.【真題鏈接】1．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·中考真題）—Betty,I’mnotgoodatEnglish.Couldyouhelpmeplease?—Sure.I’lldowhatIcan________youimproveyourEnglish.A．tohelp B．help C．helping D．helps2．（2022·西藏·統(tǒng)考中考真題）It’simportantforthedisabled________theabilitytomakealiving.A．tohave B．have C．having D．has3．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·中考真題）Whethersportsmen,sportswomenorvolunteers,peopleusedtheirskillsandwarmth________theBeijing2022WinterOlympicsashiningsuccess.A．make B．making C．made D．tomake4．（2022·吉林長春·統(tǒng)考中考真題）________heavytraffic,pleasegetupandsetoutearly.A．Toavoid B．Avoid C．Avoiding D．Avoided5．（2022·湖南益陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Tom,doyouthinkreadingisimportant?—Yes,Ido.SoIdecide________moretimereadingfromnowon.A．spend B．tospend C．spending6．（2022·遼寧大連·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Ihope________inmyhometownafterIfinishschool.A．work B．works C．working D．towork7．（2022·湖南邵陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—HoucanIpreventCOVID-19,Dad?—________healthy,youshouldalwayswearamaskandwashhandsfrequently.A．Keep B．Keeping C．Tokeep8．（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Thehighschoolinvitedafamousscientist_______atalkonWorldEarthDay.A．giving B．togive C．give D．given9．（2022·廣西百色·中考真題）Ourteacheroftentellsus_________acrosstheroadwhenthetrafficlightisred.A．go B．going C．don’tgo D．nottogo10．（2022·湖南郴州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Remember________thelightwhenyouleavetheclassroom.A．turnoff B．toturnoff C．turningoff11．（2022·廣西貴港·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Amy,don’tforget________yourmask(口罩)whenyougoout.—Don’tworry,mom.Iwill.A．wear B．wears C．towear D．wearing12．（2022·黑龍江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Ourschooloftenadvisesthestudents,especiallyteenagegirls________somechoresathometohelpbusyparents.A．doing B．todo C．do13．（2022·黑龍江綏化·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Itisconvenient________us________thingsonline.—Soitis.A．for;tobuy B．of;tobuy C．for;buy14．（2022·黑龍江齊齊哈爾·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Father,I’mafraidIcan’twintheEnglishcompetition.—Believeinyourself,mygirl,andtellyourself________.A．don’tgiveup B．nottogiveup C．togiveup15．（2022·四川廣元·統(tǒng)考中考真題）TheGreatWallissofamousthatalargenumberoftravellerswish______it.A．visit B．visiting C．tovisit D．visited16．（2022·江蘇揚州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）________thepeoplelockedinside,thefiremenbrokedownthedoor.A．Reach B．Toreach C．Reaching D．Toreaching17．（2022·四川瀘州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Asteenagers,wearenotallowed________mobilephonesintoschoolsothatwecanfocusonourschoolwork.A．bring B．tobring C．bringing D．brought18．（2022·重慶·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Thenewyeariscoming.Teachersencourageus________newhobbies.A．develop B．developing C．todevelop D．developed19．（2022·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Whyareyousoexcitedtoday?—Weweretold____apicnicthisweekend.A．have B．tohaveC．having D．had20．（2022·青?！そy(tǒng)考中考真題）—Rememberto________thelightswhenyouleavetheclassroom.—OK,noproblem,Mr.Smith.A．turnon B．turnup C．turnoff21．（2022·西藏·統(tǒng)考中考真題）BecauseofCOVID-19,theyoungdoctorhadto________hiswedding.A．puton B．putup C．putaway D．putoff22．（2022·山東青島·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Lucy,let’smakecarrotdumplingsfordinner.—Greatidea!I’ll__________thecarrots.A．putaway B．cutoff C．cutup D．putdown23．（2022·江蘇淮安·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Tim________thepenonthefloorandhandedittohisclassmate.A．putup B．pickedup C．lookedup D．tookup24．（2022·江蘇鹽城·統(tǒng)考中考真題）UNICEFispartoftheUnitedNations.Itwas________inEuropein1946.A．setup B．putup C．cutdown D．putdown25．（2022·湖北襄陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—It’sreportedthatChineseresearchersclimbedtothetopofQomolangmaonMay4th.—Yes.Andtheyalso_________theworld’shighestweatherstation.A．tookup B．gaveup C．setup D．usedup26．（2022·湖北黃石·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Whydoyouwanttobeavolunteer?—IguessI________mymother.Sheisalwayshelpingothers.A．takedown B．takeafter C．takein D．takeoff27．（2022·江蘇南通·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—IheartheDrawingClubwas________inourschoollastweek.Shallwejoinit?—Goodidea.Let’sgo.A．putup B．pickedup C．takenup D．setup28．（2022·遼寧阜新·中考真題）—Tom,canyou________yourroom?It’sabitofamess.—Sorry,Mum.I’lldoitrightnow.A．tidyup B．putup C．lookup D．stayup29．（2022·吉林長春·統(tǒng)考中考真題）It’scoldoutside.Youshould________yoursweater.A．putup B．puton C．putoff D．putdown30．（2022·遼寧沈陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Youngpeoplecanunderstandhowto________othersbykeepingpets.A．dependon B．a(chǎn)greewith C．lookafter D．fallbehindUnit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.（語法講練）【知識導(dǎo)圖】【要點拓展】1、動詞（短語）用作介詞賓語時通常要用v.-ing形式，但but與except等詞后要接動詞不定式（短語）。如果but和except前有實義動詞do，不定式（短語）的to通常要省去。Ihavenochoicebuttostayhere.我別無選擇只能留在這里。HedidnothinglastSundaybutrepairhisbike.上星期天他除了修理他的自行車外什么也沒做。（but前有實義動詞did，因此不定式短語不帶to）2、不定式（短語）作動詞find、think等的賓語，常用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放在句末。Ithoughtitbesttocallfirst.我認為最好還是先打個電話。3、在表示感官、使役等意義的動詞（短語）后，要用不帶to的不定式（短語）作賓語補足語。常見的：這類動詞（短語）有feel、hear、listento、see、watch、lookat、notice等。但是，句子是被動語態(tài)時，不能省略to。SheheardTomgoupstairs.她聽見湯姆上樓了。Theworkersaremadetowork12hoursaday.工人們被迫一天工作12小時。Shewasseentoreadunderthetree.（有人）看見她在樹下看書。4、不用不定式（短語）作賓語補足語的動詞有hope、agree、demand、suggest、insist等。我希望你早點來。【誤】Ihopeyoutocomeearlier.【正】Ihopeyoucomeearlier.【奇思巧計】不定式有標記，to與動詞連一起。沒有人稱數(shù)變化，動詞特點它具備。不定式有標記，to與動詞連一起。沒有人稱數(shù)變化，動詞特點它具備。主賓定狀表補語，唯獨作謂不可以。not加上不定式，否定結(jié)構(gòu)要牢記。疑問詞與不定式，構(gòu)成短語有意義。仔細推敲多思考，準確判斷有依據(jù)?！局R導(dǎo)圖】【要點拓展】1.“動詞+介詞”型短語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)的短語動詞，跟賓語時，無論賓語是名詞還是代詞，都應(yīng)該放在其后。Englishpeoplelovetotalkabouttheweather.英格蘭人喜歡談?wù)撎鞖?。Ifshefelthewasright,shewouldagreewithhim.如果她覺得他是對的，就會同意他的看法。“動詞+副詞”型短語。有些“動詞+副詞”的短語動詞不能跟賓語。如comeback回來、falldown倒下、getup起床、holdon別掛斷（電話）等。Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?你長大以后想做什么？（2）有些“動詞+副詞”的短語動詞可以跟賓語，若賓語是名詞，可以把賓語放在副詞后，也可以把賓語放在動詞和副詞之間；若賓語是代詞，賓語只能放在動詞和副詞之間。Jaketurnedonhiscomputerandcheckedhismail.杰克打開電腦查看電子郵件。Mummy,canyoupickmeup?媽媽，把我抱起來好嗎？【同步檢測】一、單項選擇1．—Dad,couldyoupleasetellme________mycar?—Parkithere.A．wheretopark B．howtopark C．whentopark【答案】A【詳解】句意：——爸爸，你能告訴我把車停在哪里嗎？——停在這里?？疾橐蓡栐~辨析。where在哪里；ho如何；when何時。根據(jù)答語“Parkithere.”可知，問停車的地點，故選A。2．Teachersoftentellus________intheriver.It’sdangerous.A．nottoswim B．notswimming C．toswim【答案】A【詳解】句意：老師經(jīng)常告訴我們不要在河里游泳。這是危險的?？疾榉侵^語動詞。tellsb(not)todosth“告訴某人（不）要做某事”，動詞不定式作賓補。根據(jù)“It’sdangerous”可知，不要在河里游泳，那是危險的，故選A。3．NotknowinghowseriousthepollutionismakesMike________evenmorepaper.A．waste B．wastes C．wasting【答案】A【詳解】句意：不知道污染有多嚴重讓邁克浪費了更多的紙張。考查使役動詞make的用法。waste浪費，動詞；wastes為動詞waste的第三人稱單數(shù)；wasting為動詞waste的現(xiàn)在分詞。根據(jù)語境可知，讓麥克浪費了很多紙，makesbdosth表示“讓某人做某事”，使役動詞make后接動詞原形，waste“浪費”，動詞。故選A。4．ThekitesontheInternetareverycheap,butMilliedoesn’tknow________them.A．whytobuy B．whattobuy C．howtobuy D．whotobuy【答案】C【詳解】句意：網(wǎng)上的風(fēng)箏很便宜，但是米莉不知道怎么買?？疾橐蓡栐~+動詞不定式。whytobuy為什么買；whattobuy買什么；howtobuy如何買；whotobuy錯誤用法。根據(jù)“ThekitesontheInternetareverycheap”可知不知道怎么買網(wǎng)上便宜的風(fēng)箏。故選C。5．Thetrafficsignswarnpeople________afterdrinking.A．todrive B．nottodrive C．driving D．drived【答案】B【詳解】句意：這些交通標識警告人們酒后不要開車。考查非謂語動詞。由“Thetrafficsignswarnpeople...afterdrinking.”和常識可知，酒后不能開車，warnsb.nottodosth.意為“警告某人不要做某事”。故選B。6．Remember________rubbishwhenyouarevisitingtheschool.A．nottothrow B．notthrowing C．throwing D．tothrow【答案】A【詳解】句意：當你在參觀學(xué)校的時候，記住不要扔垃圾?？疾閯釉~不定式的用法。根據(jù)“Remember...rubbishwhenyouarevisitingtheschool.”可知，此處應(yīng)表示的是“在參觀學(xué)校時，記住不要扔垃圾”，可用remembernottodosth.“記住不要做某事”，所以此空應(yīng)是動詞不定式的否定形式nottothrow，作賓語。故選A。7．I’vejustwatchedaTVprogrammeaboutspace.Ihope________onthemoononeday.A．walk B．walked C．walking D．towalk【答案】D【詳解】句意：我剛看了一個關(guān)于太空的電視節(jié)目，我希望有一天我們可以在月球上行走?？疾閯釉~不定式。walk動詞原形；walked動詞的過去式/過去分詞；walking動名詞/現(xiàn)在分詞；towalk動詞不定式。表示“希望做某事”用hopetodo;此處用towalk作賓語。故選D。8．TheBirdwatchingSocietygoestoZhalongNatureReservethebirdseveryyear.A．tocount B．counting C．count D．counts【答案】A【詳解】句意：觀鳥協(xié)會每年都去扎龍自然保護區(qū)統(tǒng)計鳥類數(shù)量。考查非謂語動詞。tocount動詞不定式形式；counting動名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞形式；count數(shù)數(shù)，計算總數(shù)，動詞原形；counts是動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空在句中作目的狀語，表示“去扎龍自然保護區(qū)”的目的，應(yīng)用動詞不定式。故選A。9．—Myparentsalwaysaskme________manythings.I’mtootired.—Well,theyjustexpectyou________alotofskillsinorderthatyoucanhaveabrightfuture.A．tolearn;have B．learn;have C．tolearn;tohave D．learn;tohave【答案】C【詳解】句意：——我的父母總是要求我學(xué)習(xí)很多東西。我太累了?！?，他們只是希望你有很多技能，這樣你就可以有一個光明的未來?？疾榉侵^語動詞。asksbtodosth“要求某人做某事”，expectsbtodosth“期待某人做某事”。故選C。10．It’sveryimportantforyoungchildren__________howtodosomethingalone.A．learn B．learning C．tolearn【答案】C【詳解】句意：對于年輕孩子來說，學(xué)習(xí)如何獨自做事情是非常重要的?？疾榉侵^語動詞。learn學(xué)習(xí)，動詞原形；learning動名詞；tolearn不定式。根據(jù)“It’sveryimportantforyoungchildren…h(huán)owtodosomethingalone”可知，此處應(yīng)是固定句型：Itis+形容詞+forsb.+todosth.“對于某人來說做某事是……樣的”，it作形式主語，todo作真正主語。故選C。11．Thesepoorchildrenreallyneedahouse________.A．tolive B．livein C．tolivein【答案】C【詳解】句意：這些貧窮的孩子需要一個房子去居住?？疾閠odo不定式用法。tolive去居??；livein居住在；tolivein去住在。live是不及物動詞，后跟賓語時必須加介詞，tolivein做house的后置定語。故選C。12．—Whyareyouworkingsohard?—________intoagoodhighschoolandafamousuniversity.A．Toget B．Get C．Getting【答案】A【詳解】句意：——你為什么學(xué)習(xí)這么努力？——為了進入一所好的高中和一所著名的大學(xué)?？疾榉侵^語動詞。根據(jù)Why可知，此空應(yīng)填動詞不定式表目的，故選A。13．Asteenagers,weshouldn’t________ourparentstoomuch.A．lookup B．carefor C．dependon D．a(chǎn)greewith【答案】C【詳解】句意：作為青少年，我們不應(yīng)該太依賴父母?？疾閯釉~短語。lookup查閱；carefor照料；dependon依靠；agreewith同意。根據(jù)“weshouldn’t...ourparentstoomuch”可知我們不能太依賴父母。故選C。14．Therearesomebooksinthebox.Couldyouplease________?A．takeitout B．takethemout C．takeoutit D．takeoutthem【答案】B【詳解】句意：盒子里有一些書。你能把它們拿出來嗎？考查代詞辨析及代詞的位置。it它；them它們。takeout“拿出來”，是動副短語，與人稱代詞賓格連用時，代詞置于短語中間；再由“somebooks”可知此處用them指代上文提到過的“一些書”。故選B。15．Afterthegame,theheadmaster________thetrophies(獎品)toallthosestudentswhowon.Andthosewhofaileddecidedtopracticehardertowinnexttime.A．carriedout B．gaveout C．foundout【答案】B【詳解】句意：比賽之后，校長把獎品分發(fā)給那些獲勝的學(xué)生。那些輸了的學(xué)生決定更努力練習(xí)爭取下次獲勝?？疾閯釉~短語。carriedout實施；gaveout分發(fā)；foundout查明。此處搭配的賓語是“thetrophies”，因此應(yīng)用“gaveout”，表示“分發(fā)”。故選B。16．Don’tworry—-thingsaregoingto________intheend.A．workout B．hangout C．helpout【答案】A【詳解】句意：不要擔心——事情最終會發(fā)展順利的?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。workout發(fā)展順利，物作主語；hangout閑逛，人作主語；helpout幫助……擺脫困境，人作主語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處things“事情”作主語，并結(jié)合語義，此處用workout。故選A。17．—HowdoesMr.Brownteachhisstudentsnewwords?—Heoften________interestingstorieswiththenewwords.A．looksup B．staysup C．makesup D．putsup【答案】C【詳解】句意：——格林先生是怎樣教他的學(xué)生新單詞的？——他經(jīng)常用新單詞編有趣的故事?？疾閯釉~短語。looksup查閱；staysup熬夜；makesup編造；putsup張貼。根據(jù)“Heerestingstorieswiththenewwords.”可知，是用新詞編有趣的故事。故選C。18．StudentsinChangchunhavestudiedathomeformorethanamonthbecauseoftheoutbreak（疫情）andeverybodyhopesthings________.A．workout B．cutout C．giveout D．putout【答案】A【詳解】句意：由于疫情的爆發(fā)，長春的學(xué)生已經(jīng)在家學(xué)習(xí)了一個多月，每個人都希望事情能解決?？疾閯釉~短語。workout解決；cutout除去；giveout分發(fā)；putout撲滅。根據(jù)“StudentsinChangchunhavestudiedathomeformorethanamonthbecauseoftheoutbreak（疫情）andeverybodyhopesthings”可知希望事情能很快解決。故選A。19．Iwaslateforschoolbecausemyalarmdidn’t________.A．getoff B．cutoff C．putoff D．gooff【答案】D【詳解】句意：我上學(xué)遲到了，因為我的鬧鐘沒響?？疾閯釉~短語。getoff下車；cutoff切掉；putoff推遲；gooff鬧鐘發(fā)出響聲。根據(jù)“Iwaslateforschoolbecausemyalarmdidn’t...”及常識可知，應(yīng)是鬧鐘沒響所以才遲到了，故選D。20．Ibuyanewspaperonmywayhome,andsometimesI_______itonthebus.A．lookafter B．lookthrough C．lookfor D．lookat【答案】B【詳解】句意：我在回家的路上買份報紙，有時在公共汽車上翻看?？疾閯釉~短語。lookafter照顧；lookthrough瀏覽，閱讀；lookfor尋找；lookat看。根據(jù)“Ibuyanewspaper”可知，空后的it指的是“報紙”，所以應(yīng)是讀報紙，故選B。二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空21．TouchedbydoctorsandnursesinWuhan,LiMingwants________(be)adoctorwhenhegrowsup.【答案】tobe【詳解】句意：被武漢的醫(yī)生和護士感動，李明想長大了成為一名醫(yī)生。表達“想做某事”用動詞短語wanttodo，此處用動詞不定式tobe表示“想成為一名醫(yī)生”。故答案為tobe。22．Socialworkersinourcommunityarepatientenough_______(explain)howtoregisterHuaishangtong(注冊淮上通).【答案】toexplain【詳解】句意：我們社區(qū)的工作人員足夠耐心地解釋如何注冊淮上通。固定搭配：be+形容詞+enough+todosth，表示“有足夠的……做某事”，所以空格處填動詞不定式toexplain。故答案為toexplain。23．Henry’suncleisplanning____(take)atriptoDunhuangnow.【答案】totake【詳解】句意：亨利的叔叔現(xiàn)在正計劃去敦煌旅行。plantodosth.計劃做某事，plan后面要跟動詞不定式作賓語，故填totake。24．MymotherandIwenttotheairport________（meet）myfatheryesterday.【答案】tomeet【詳解】句意：媽媽和我昨天去機場接爸爸了。此處表目的，應(yīng)該用meet的動詞不定式tomeet，故填tomeet。25．Manypeoplegothere________(enjoy)theirvacationeveryyear.【答案】toenjoy【詳解】句意：每年都有很多人去那里度假。enjoy“享受”，“gothere”的目的是“enjoytheirvacation”，作目的狀語用動詞不定式。故填toenjoy。26．Itisnecessaryforyou_________(organize)yourideasfirstbeforeyouwriteanarticle.【答案】toorganize【詳解】句意：在你寫一篇文章之前，你有必要先組織一下你的觀點。Itis+形容詞+forsb+todosth.“對某人來說做某事是……的”，故此處用動詞不定式作主語。故填toorganize。27．—Couldyoupleasetellmewhere________(buy)thebook?—Yes.InanyXinhuaBookshop.【答案】tobuy【詳解】句意：——你能告訴我在哪里買這本書嗎？——可以。在任何一家新華書店。此處用“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，故填tobuy。28．Everyoneshoulddowhathecan________(protect)theenvironment.【答案】toprotect【詳解】句意：每個人都應(yīng)該盡自己所能保護環(huán)境。根據(jù)“Everyoneshoulddowhathecan...theenvironment.”可知，“盡自己所能”的目的是為了“保護環(huán)境”，此處應(yīng)該用動詞不定式作目的狀語。故填toprotect。29．Mikewastooslow________(write)downallthekeywords.【答案】towrite【詳解】句意：Mike速度太慢了難以寫下所有的關(guān)鍵詞。too...to...“太……而不能……”，所以此處應(yīng)用動詞不定式。故填towrite。30．Thebesttime_________(plant)treesisinspring.【答案】toplant【詳解】句意：種樹的最好時間是春天。根據(jù)“Thebesttime”可知，thebesttimetodosth“做某事的最好時間”。故填toplant。【真題鏈接】1．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·中考真題）—Betty,I’mnotgoodatEnglish.Couldyouhelpmeplease?—Sure.I’lldowhatIcan________youimproveyourEnglish.A．tohelp B．help C．helping D．helps【答案】A【詳解】句意：——貝蒂，我英語不好。你能幫我一下嗎？——當然。我會盡我所能幫助你提高英語?？疾榉侵^語動詞。此處在句中表示目的，用動詞不定式形式，故選A。2．（2022·西藏·統(tǒng)考中考真題）It’simportantforthedisabled________theabilitytomakealiving.A．tohave B．have C．having D．has【答案】A【詳解】句意：對殘疾人來說，有謀生的能力是很重要的。考查動詞不定式作主語。itisadj.forsb.todosth“做某事……”，動詞不定式作主語，故選A。3．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·中考真題）Whethersportsmen,sportswomenorvolunteers,peopleusedtheirskillsandwarmth________theBeijing2022WinterOlympicsashiningsuccess.A．make B．making C．made D．tomake【答案】D【詳解】句意：無論是男運動員、女運動員還是志愿者，人們都用自己的技能和熱情使2022年北京冬奧會取得了輝煌的成功。考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)“peopleusedtheirskillsandwarmth…theBeijing2022WinterOlympicsashiningsuccess.”可知，人們用自己的技能和熱情的目的是讓2022北京冬奧會取得成功，此處為不定式表目的。故選D。4．（2022·吉林長春·統(tǒng)考中考真題）________heavytraffic,pleasegetupandsetoutearly.A．Toavoid B．Avoid C．Avoiding D．Avoided【答案】A【詳解】句意：為了避免交通擁擠，請早點起床出發(fā)。考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)“heavytraffic,pleasegetupandsetoutearly”可知，早點起床出發(fā)的目的是為了避免交通擁擠，用動詞不定式表目的，故選A。5．（2022·湖南益陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Tom,doyouthinkreadingisimportant?—Yes,Ido.SoIdecide________moretimereadingfromnowon.A．spend B．tospend C．spending【答案】B【詳解】句意：——Tom，你覺得閱讀重要嗎？——是的。所以我決定從現(xiàn)在開始花更多時間來閱讀?？疾閯釉~不定式作賓語。spend花費，動詞原形；tospend花費，動詞不定式；spending花費，動名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞。decidetodosth表示“決定做某事”，因此空格處應(yīng)填動詞不定式，在句中作賓語。故選B。6．（2022·遼寧大連·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Ihope________inmyhometownafterIfinishschool.A．work B．works C．working D．towork【答案】D【詳解】句意：我希望畢業(yè)后能在家鄉(xiāng)工作?？疾榉侵^語動詞。固定短語hopetodosth“希望做某事”，故選D。7．（2022·湖南邵陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—HoucanIpreventCOVID-19,Dad?—________healthy,youshouldalwayswearamaskandwashhandsfrequently.A．Keep B．Keeping C．Tokeep【答案】C【詳解】句意：爸爸，我該如何預(yù)防新冠病毒？——為了保持健康，你應(yīng)該經(jīng)常戴口罩，經(jīng)常洗手。考查非謂語動詞?？仗幨莿釉~不定式做目的狀語。故選C。8．（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Thehighschoolinvitedafamousscientist_______atalkonWorldEarthDay.A．giving B．togive C．give D．given【答案】B【詳解】句意：這所高中邀請了一位著名的科學(xué)家在世界地球日發(fā)表演講?？疾榉侵^語。結(jié)合“invitedafamousscientist”可知，此處是invitesbtodosth“邀請某人做某事”，空處用不定式作賓補，故選B。9．（2022·廣西百色·中考真題）Ourteacheroftentellsus_________acrosstheroadwhenthetrafficlightisred.A．go B．going C．don’tgo D．nottogo【答案】D【詳解】句意：我們的老師經(jīng)常告訴我們當交通燈是紅色的時候不要過馬路?？疾榉侵^語動詞。tellsb(not)todosth“告訴某人（不）要做某事”，固定短語；此處指“告訴我們紅燈時不要過馬路”。故選D。10．（2022·湖南郴州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Remember________thelightwhenyouleavetheclassroom.A．turnoff B．toturnoff C．turningoff【答案】B【詳解】句意：當你離開教室時，記得關(guān)燈。考查非謂語動詞。remembertodosth“記得做某事（還未做）”；rememberdoingsth“記得做某事（已做）”。結(jié)合語境可知關(guān)燈的動作還未發(fā)生，應(yīng)用不定式，故選B。11．（2022·廣西貴港·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Amy,don’tforget________yourmask(口罩)whenyougoout.—Don’tworry,mom.Iwill.A．wear B．wears C．towear D．wearing【答案】C【詳解】句意：——艾米，出去的時候別忘了戴口罩?！獎e擔心，媽媽。我會的?？疾榉侵^語動詞。forgettodosth“忘記去做某事”；forgetdoingsth“忘記做過某事”。根據(jù)“don’tforget...yourmask(口罩)whenyougoout”可知，提醒不要忘記戴口罩，故選C。12．（2022·黑龍江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Ourschooloftenadvisesthestudents,especiallyteenagegirls________somechoresathometohelpbusyparents.A．doing B．todo C．do【答案】B【詳解】句意：我們學(xué)校經(jīng)常建議學(xué)生，尤其是十幾歲的女孩在家里做一些家務(wù)來幫助忙碌的父母?？疾閯釉~不定式。advisesbtodosth“建議某人做某事”，動詞不定式作賓語補足語；故選B。13．（2022·黑龍江綏化·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Itisconvenient________us________thingsonline.—Soitis.A．for;tobuy B．of;tobuy C．for;buy【答案】A【詳解】句意：——我們在網(wǎng)上購物很方便?！_實?？疾镮t的固定句型。此處是“Itis+adj+for/ofsbtodosth”句型，此處convenient修飾其后的事情，介詞用for；不定式在句中作真正的主語。故選A。14．（2022·黑龍江齊齊哈爾·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Father,I’mafraidIcan’twintheEnglishcompetition.—Believeinyourself,mygirl,andtellyourself________.A．don’tgiveup B．nottogiveup C．togiveup【答案】B【詳解】句意：——爸爸，恐怕我贏不了這場英語比賽?！嘈拍阕约海业暮⒆?，并告訴你自己不要放棄?？疾榉侵^語。giveup“放棄”；此處是“告訴某人不要做某事”，表達為tellsb.nottodosth.，空處用不定式的否定形式，故選B。15．（2022·四川廣元·統(tǒng)考中考真題）TheGreatWallissofamousthatalargenumberoftravellerswish______it.A．visit B．visiting C．tovisit D．visited【答案】C【詳解】句意：長城非常有名，許多旅行者都想去參觀?？疾榉侵^語動詞。固定短語wishtodosth“希望做某事”，故選C。16．（2022·江蘇揚州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）________thepeoplelockedinside,thefiremenbrokedownthedoor.A．Reach B．Toreach C．Reaching D．Toreaching【答案】B【詳解】句意：為了接觸被鎖在里面的人，消防員破門而入。考查非謂語動詞。分析句子可知，“thepeoplelockedinside”的目的是“thefiremenbrokedownthedoor”，作目的狀語用動詞不定式。故選B。17．（2022·四川瀘州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Asteenagers,wearenotallowed________mobilephonesintoschoolsothatwecanfocusonourschoolwork.A．bring B．tobring C．bringing D．brought【答案】B【詳解】句意：作為青少年，我們不允許把手機帶進學(xué)校，這樣我們就可以集中精力學(xué)習(xí)?？疾榉侵^語動詞。beallowedtodosth“被允許做某事”，動詞不定式作主語補足語，故選B。18．（2022·重慶·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Thenewyeariscoming.Teachersencourageus________newhobbies.A．develop B．developing C．todevelop D．developed【答案】C【詳解】句意：新的一年就要來了。老師鼓勵我們培養(yǎng)新的愛好?？疾榉侵^語動詞。encouragesbtodosth“鼓勵某人做某事”，使用動詞不定式作賓語補足語，故選C。19．（2022·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Whyareyousoexcitedtoday?—Weweretold____apicnicthisweekend.A．have B．tohaveC．having D．had【答案】B【詳解】句意：——你今天為什么這么興奮？——我們被告知這個周末去野餐?？疾榉侵^語動詞。tellsb.todosth:告訴某人做某事;sbbetoldtodosth:某人被告訴要做某事（被動語態(tài)）。故選B。20．（2022·青海·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Rememberto________thelightswhenyouleavetheclassroom.—OK,noproblem,Mr.Smith.A．turnon B．turnup C．turnoff【答案】C【詳解】句意：——當你離開教室時要記得關(guān)燈?！玫?，沒問題，史密斯老師?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。turnon打開；turnup出現(xiàn)；turnoff關(guān)閉。根據(jù)“Rememberto…thelightswhenyouleavetheclassroom”可知，離開教室要關(guān)燈，故選C。21．（2022·西藏·統(tǒng)考中考真題）BecauseofCOVID-19,theyoungdoctorhadto________hiswedding.A．puton B．putup C．putaway D．putoff【答案】D【詳解】句意：由于新冠肺炎疫情，這位年輕的醫(yī)生不得不推遲了婚禮。考查動詞短語辨析。puton穿上；putup張貼；putaway放好；putoff推遲。根據(jù)“BecauseofCOVID-19,theyoungdoctorhadto...hiswedding.”可知，由于疫情，推遲了婚禮，故選D。22．（2022·山東青島·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Lucy,let’smakecarrotdumplingsfordinner.—Gre