2021年上海市高考英語試卷(秋考)(解析卷)

2021年上海市高考英語試卷參考答案與試題解析ListeningComprehensionSectionA1．A.Sheisapolicewoman.B.Sheisashopassistant.C.Sheisateacher.D.Sheisadoctor.【答案】D【分析】詳見高考英語聽力試題文字稿2．A.HelivesneartheEastLake.B.Heisnotinterestedinthatschool.C.Hehasnotdecidedwhatmajortochoose.D.HewantstoapplytoEastLakeCollege.【答案】B【分析】詳見高考英語聽力試題文字稿3．A.Comforttheman.B.Findthemanajob.C.Keepthemancompany.D.Evaluatetheman'swork.【答案】A【分析】詳見高考英語聽力試題文字稿4．A.Thetitleofapainter.B.Acatalogue.C.Thehistoryofthe18thcentury.D.Aworkofart.【答案】D【分析】詳見高考英語聽力試題文字稿5．A.Shewillgotoworkonfoot.B.Shewillgetoffatheroffice.C.Shewilltakeanothermeansoftransport.D.Shewillwaitforthemanatthenextcrossroads.【答案】C【分析】詳見高考英語聽力試題文字稿6．A.PrepareforthetestonChapter9.B.ReadaloudChapter9.C.ExplaintheassignmentofChapter9.D.TalkaboutChapter9.【答案】D【分析】詳見高考英語聽力試題文字稿7．A.Hewillcalloffthenextconference.B.Hecan'tcontactthewomanbyemail.C.Hewillhavehiscomputerfixedtomorrow.D.Hecan'tdecideonthedatefortheconference.【答案】B【分析】詳見高考英語聽力試題文字稿8．A.Shehasputawaytheboy'sshoes.B.Shewillwashtheboy'sshoes.C.Theboyneedn'tgotoschooltoday.D.Theboycan'tgettoschoolontime.【答案】C【分析】詳見高考英語聽力試題文字稿9．A.Packthefreepizzas.B.Preparelunchbyherself.C.WorkatPizzaKitchen.D.Gotoahealthclubtoloseweight.【答案】B【分析】詳見高考英語聽力試題文字稿10．A.Hewillgetthereservationdone.B.NotwinroomisavailableinMarch.C.Hewillcallthewomanatalatertime.D.Thewomanshouldchangeherschedule.【答案】A【分析】詳見高考英語聽力試題文字稿SectionB11．（1）A.Workersexploreflexibleapproachestofightingsleepinessatwork.B.Companiesneedmorefacilitiesfortheirworkers'on﹣sitenapping.C.Companiesencouragetheirworkerstonaponthejob.D.Workersdemandmorecareabouttheirsleepquality.（2）A.Gohomefora20﹣minutenap.B.Takea10﹣minutenapat3p.m.C.Dosportswithpersonaltrainers.D.Sleepinaroomwithabedandpillows.（3）A.Takinganapimproveshisworkefficiency.B.Usingacalculatorpreventshimmakingmistakes.C.Heworkslongerthananyotheremployeeinthefirm.D.Heworksasanaccountantinaconsultingcompany.【答案】CBA【分析】詳見高考英語聽力試題文字稿12．（1）A.Asearchenginedevelopedbyalibrary.B.AnintroductiontothePearlLibrary.C.Aperson﹣to﹣personinformationservice.D.Changesthatsearchenginesbringtous.（2）A.Itmaygiveyoualargenumberofresults.B.Itmaycauseyourcomputertobreakdown.C.Itwillprovideunreliableinformation.D.Itwilltakealongtimetoshowtheanswers.（3）A.Itrecommendswhattoreadwhenyoumisskeyinformation.B.Itoffersasatisfactoryanswereventoavaguequestion.C.Itteachesyouhowtolookforinformation.D.Itisaccessiblefor9hours7daysaweek.【答案】BAB【分析】詳見高考英語聽力試題文字稿13．（1）A.Whatbenefitssummerjobshave.B.Howthewomancanfindasummerjob.C.Whichsummercampsuitsthewoman.D.Howtheycansucceedinaninterview.（2）A.Itwillgiveherusefulexperience.B.Itwillbeabetter﹣paidjob.C.Itwillenablehertokeepincontactwithhim.D.Itwillsecureafull﹣timejobforher.（3）A.Itisheldeveryweek.B.Itopensfor9hours.C.Participantsshouldn'tdresscasually.D.Participantsneedn'tcarrytheirresumes.（4）A.Sheisgoingtobeateacher.B.Shewantstobeatopstudent.C.Sheisconfidentofherfuture.D.Shetakesinterestincamplife.【答案】BADA【分析】詳見高考英語聽力試題文字稿2021上海高考英語聽力試題文字稿SectionA（1-10）1.M:SeemslikeI'mrunningafever.W:Don'tworry.I'llgiveyouabloodtestfirst.Q:Whatismostprobablythewoman'sjob?2.W:Areyoucheckingoutsomecolleges?EastLakeCollegeisaprettyneatschool.M:Buttheydon'toffermanymajors.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?3.M:Iwasfired.Ithoughtmyworkcanbevaluedbythecompany.W:Sorrytohearthat.Butit'snottheendoftheworld.Cheerup!Q:Whatisthewomantryingtodo?4.W:Doyouhappentoknowthetitleofthisoilpainting?M:Noidea.Maybeanearly18thcenturywork.Youcanlookitupinthecatalog.Q:Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?5.M:Oh,itlookslikethetrafficisreallybad.Stillanotherhourtogettoyouroffice.W:OK,thenIwillgobysubway.PleasestopatthenextcrossroadsandIwillgetoutthere.Q:Whatcanwelearnaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?6.M:What'stheassignmentfortoday,Mrs.Taylor?W:Well,readChapter9inyourtextbook,andgetpreparedtodiscusswhatyou'vereadnextMonday.Q:WhatwillthemanberequiredtodonextMonday?7.W:Willyoupleaseemailmetomorrow?Let'sfixthedateforournextconference.M:Mycomputerisbroken.CanIcallyou?Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?8.M:Mom,wherearemyblueshoes?Iwillbelateforschool.W:Iwashedthemthismorning.Lastnightyoutoldmeyou'dhaveadayoffschooltoday.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?9.W:IhavegainedweightsinceIstartedtoworkatapizzakitchen.M:1knowtheyofferemployeesfreepizzasformeals.Butyoucouldpackyourownhealthylunch.Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?10.W:HaveyoubookedatwinroominWesthotelforaholiday?M:Notyet.Thelinewasbusy.Iwillringlater.Butthathotelisneverfullinlarge.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?SectionB(11)It'sadailystruggleknowntoofficeworkerstheworldover:aproductivemorningrewardedwithadecentlunchandthenatabout3pmtherecomestheirresistiblesleepiness.Ashortnapcanpromotealertnessandimproveperformancewhichareimportantwhenyouareatwork.Nowmanycompanieswiththestrongcommitmenttoemployeeawarenesshaverealizedthebenefitsofon-sitesnapping.YouyouCorporation–aconsultingcompany-–hasaflexibleapproach.Employeescantakeanapfor30minutesatmostanytimebetweenIpmand4pm.AnothercompanyTimandJerril's,whichalreadyoffersemployeespersonaltrainers,nowsuppliesaroomwithabedandpillowsthatemployeescanuseasneeded.Oneofitsrepresentativessays,"Ifpeopleneedtocatchanapduringtheday,we'rebehindit".AnIIfirmNewLinkallowsitsemployeestotakea20-minutepowernapatdesks.Introducedtwoyearsago,thepolicyhasprovedahugehit.MrLin,anaccountantinNewLink,toldalocalnewspaper:"IfIuseacalculatorwhenIamsleepy,Ihavetodoublecheckmyworkforfearofmakingmistakes.Soittakeslonger.Thankstothepolicy,myworkperformancehasimproved."11.（1）What'sthespeakermainlytalkingabout?（2）.WhichofthefollowingcantheemployeesofYouyouCompanydo?（3）.WhatcanbelearnedaboutMr.Lin?Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Searchengineshavecompletelychangedhowweaccessinformationandwhowegetitfrom.Theyarefast,easyandgreat.Buttherearesomanyquestionsyoucan'tlookuponline.Somearetoocomplexbecausetheyhavetwoormoreparts,andothersareimpossibletosearchbecauseyoucan'trememberanameoranexactyear,soyougettoomanyresultstomakeyoursearchuseful.Ormaybeyoujustaren'tnearacomputerorwifi.That'swhenAPLcanmakeadifference.WithAPL,youcanputquestionstoaninformationspecialistatthePearlLibrary.Foroverfortyyears,APLhasbeenansweringpeople'squestionsbylookingthingsupinavarietyoftexts,recordings,andotherresources.Andthesepeopleareexpertresearcherssotheyknowwheretolookforinformation,whichiskeyinprovidingareallygoodqualityanswer.Sometimesaccuracyismoreimportantthangettingmillionsofresultsinasecond.ThenhowcanyouaccessAPL?Youcancall21518between9AMand6PM,MondaythroughSaturday.Oneoftheteninformationspecialistswillansweryourquestionevenifthequestionhasmultipleparts,andevenifyou'remissingsomekeyinformation.That'sthebenefitofahumanoveracomputer.Plus,ifyouneedsomerecommendedreading.they'vegotthatcovered,too.Questions:12.（1）What'sthespeakermainlytalkingabout?問題：短文的主旨大意？題型：主旨題參考：介紹信息查詢方式APL（2）Whatwillasearchenginedoifyoutypeinamuchtoocomplicatedquestion?問題：如果你鍵入一個太復(fù)雜的問題，搜索引擎會出現(xiàn)什么？原文信息：Somearetoocomplexbecausetheyhavetwoormoreparts,andothersareimpossibletosearchbecauseyoucan'trememberanameoranexactyear,soyougettoomanyresultstomakeyoursearchuseful.參考:Itwillprovidesomanyresultstomakeyoursearchuseful.（3）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEofAPL?問題：以下哪個信息正確?題型：細(xì)節(jié)Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.M:Whatareyougongtodothissummer,Sue?W:Well,Icanworkfull-timeatmyuncle'srestaurantifIwantto.Themoneyisprettygood,butIamthinkingofgettingsomeexperienceinmyfield.I'mgraduatingnextyear.M:Maybeyoushouldtryadifferentsummerjob.Itwouldmeanapaycut.Butit'llbeworthit.Notonlydoyougetexperience,youmakeallkindsofcontacts.W:ButIjusthavenoideahowtofindasuitableone.M:Whynotgotothesummerjobfiair?Hangon.I'vegotaleafletinmybagW:Great.M:It'snextweekonthelóthatthestudents'centerfrom9amto3p.m.W:That'swonderful!ShouldIdressasifT'mgoingtoaninterview?M:Itdoesn'tmentionhowyoushoulddress.W:ShallIbringmyrésumé?M:It'snotrequired.Butit'sagoodidea.W:Okay.Doesitsaywhatkindsofsummerjobsareavailable?Youknow.Iwanttobeateacher.M:Youcantrytogethiredatasunmercamp.SeveralarelistedonthereW:Excellent.Iwilltry.M:Youwon'thaveanytrouble.Youarethetopofyourclass.W:Thanksforthevoteofconfidence--Questions13.（1）Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?主旨題原文信息:Whatareyougoingtodothissummer,Sue?參老：關(guān)于女生是的工作的里（或類似）（2）Accordingtotheman.whyshouldthewomanfindadifferentsummerjob?問題：男生為什么認(rèn)為女生應(yīng)讀找一個不同的號假工？原文信息：M:Maybeyoushouldtryadifferentsummerjob..Notonlydoyougetexperience,youmakeallkindsofcontacts.參考:Notonlydoyougetexperience,youmakeallkindsofcontacts(或類似)（3）Whatcanbeleamedaboutthesummerjobfair?問題：對暑假招聘會說法正確的是?原文信息：①It'snextweekonthe16thatthestudentcenterfrom9amto3pmItdoesn'tmentionhowyoushoulddress.It'snotrequired(tobringaresume)參考：見原文信息（4）Whydoesthemanrecommendthewomantoworkatthesummercamp?問題：為什么男生建議女生在夏令營工作？原文信息：.W:Doesitsaywhatkindsofsummerjobsareavailable?Youknow.Iwanttobeateacher.M:Youcantrytogethiredatasummercamp.Severalarelistedonthere參考：夏令營有老師的工作（或類似）GrammarandVocabularySectionA14．TheSpreadofDiseaseTravelingfromonecitytoanothercanleadtothespreadofdisease.Whenpeoplearriveinanewplace，theymaybringinbacteriathat（1）wasnot（notbe）presentinthepast.Thepeopletherehavenonaturalprotection（2）againstthesenewbacteria，sotheycatchthediseasemoreeasily.（3）Becauseitisunfamiliar，healthworkersmaynotidentifyitorstopitfromspreading.Peoplewiththediseasemaycontinuetohavecontactwithothers.Inthisway，thebacteriatravelfrompersontopersonthroughthepopulation.Thiswas（4）whathappened，forexample，whensoldierstravelledbackhomeattheendoftheFirstWorldWar.ThesesoldiersbroughtwiththemtheSpanishflu，and（5）itcostmillionsoflives.Heatingandcoolingsystemsinbuildingscanalsobeasourceofdisease.Takeoldairconditionersinwindowsasanexample.Theytendtocollectdirtandwater，whichmakesiteasyforbacteria（6）togrow（grow）.Thenwhentheairconditioner（7）isturned（turn）on，thebacteriawillbeblownintothehomeorofficeandmakepeoplesick.Bacteriagrowfastinthewaterofthecoolingtowers.Theyarethensentthroughoutthebuildingwiththeairconditioningandcanaffectanyoneinthebuilding.ScientistsfirstrecognizedthisprobleminJuly1976，by（8）thattime221peoplehadbecomeseriouslyill.Pollutionoftheoceanscanalsobeafactorinspreadingdisease.Thepollutionmaybecausedbyfertilizersthatwashintoriversandthenintotheocean，orbyhumanwaste（9）dumped（dump）directlyintotheoceanwithnoprocessing.Thesepollutantsresultintheincreasedgrowthoftinyplantsthatarecalledalgae.Theycanformathickmassinthewater，（10）providing（provide）aperfectenvironmentforcholera，afataldisease.【答案】（1）wasnot（2）against（3）Because（4）what（5）it（6）togrow（7）isturned（8）that（9）dumped（10）providing【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了疾病是如何傳播的。【解答】（1）考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：當(dāng)人們到達(dá)一個新的地方時，他們可能會帶來過去不存在的細(xì)菌。根據(jù)inthepast可知時態(tài)為一般過去時，主語是bacteria，be動詞用was。故填wasnot。（2）考查介詞。句意：那里的人對這些新細(xì)菌沒有天然的抵抗力，所以他們更容易感染這種疾病。protectionagainst為固定搭配，意為"防御"。故填against。（3）考查連詞。句意：由于不熟悉，衛(wèi)生工作者可能無法識別它或阻止它的傳播。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示原因，單詞首字母大寫。故填Because。（4）考查表語從句。例如，當(dāng)士兵們在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后回家時，就會發(fā)生這種情況。根據(jù)句意可知空處引導(dǎo)表語從句，表示發(fā)生的事情，用what引導(dǎo)。故填what。（5）考查代詞。句意：這些士兵帶來了西班牙流感，奪走了數(shù)百萬人的生命。根據(jù)句意可知空處指代上文的theSpanishflu，用it指代。故填it。（6）考查不定式。句意：他們傾向于收集灰塵和水，這使得細(xì)菌很容易生長。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處使用it作形式主語，空處使用不定式作真正的主語。故填togrow。（7）考查時態(tài)及語態(tài)。句意：然后，當(dāng)空調(diào)打開時，細(xì)菌就會被吹進(jìn)家里或辦公室，使人生病。根據(jù)句意可知時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，主語theairconditioner和turn之間是被動關(guān)系，使用被動語態(tài)，主語是單數(shù)，be動詞用is。故填isturned。（8）考查固定搭配。句意：科學(xué)家們在1976年7月首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個問題，當(dāng)時已經(jīng)有221人患了重病。bythattime為固定搭配，意為"到那時"。故填that。（9）考查過去分詞。句意：污染可能是由流入河流然后流入海洋的肥料造成的，或者是由未經(jīng)處理的人類排泄物直接傾倒到海洋中造成的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知空處使用非謂語，dump和humanwaste之間是被動關(guān)系，使用過去分詞形式作狀語。故填dumped。（10）考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：它們可以在水中形成厚厚的一團(tuán)，為致命疾病霍亂提供了完美的環(huán)境。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知空處使用非謂語，provide和主語They之間是主動關(guān)系，使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作狀語。故填providing?！军c評】語法填空考查學(xué)生英語綜合知識的運(yùn)用，做題時要首先明確短文大意，從詞語搭配，固定句型，語法，時態(tài)等方面綜合考慮，結(jié)合上下文語境找出正確答案。SectionB15．A.allowB.botheringC.gapD.inaccessibleE.inefficientF.jumpedG.personalizedH.placeI.purchaseJ.skippingK.strategiesGroceryshoppinginpersonoronline：Whichisbetter？KarenSpadeknowshowtocollectcoupons（優(yōu)惠券）andpricematch.Sherunsherownsavingswebsitetoteachotherstoshopandsaveasshedoes.Yetwhenanearbygrocerystorestartedofferingonlineshoppingaboutmonthago，Spade（1）Fatthechancetotryit.Shedidn'tevencaretherewasadeliveryfeeandthestoredidnot（2）Apapercouponsorpricematchingforonlineorders.Whywouldapowershopperbewillingtogiveupsomeofherfavoritesavings（3）Ktoshoponline？"Forshoppers（4）Dtocollectcouponsandpricematch，shoppingin﹣storewillbringbiggersavings，"Spadeexplained."Butmanypeoplearenevergoingtodothatand，forthemonlineshoppingisanotherwaytosave，becauseyoucankeepaneyeonyourrunningtotalasyoushoptosticktoyourbudget."SoSpadetooktheplungeandmanagedto（5）Hherfirstorder."Iwenttothestoreafterwardstotestoutwhattheprice（6）Cwouldhavebeen，shesaid，"andIfoundeverythingorderedwasthesamepriceatthestore."Soifthisisthecase，thenit'sallaboutwhetheryoucanmakebackthedeliveryfee.Storeschargebetween﹩7.95and﹩12.95todeliveryourgroceries，dependingonthesizeofyour（7）I.Youoffset（抵消）littleofthatmoneyrightawaybecauseyoudonothavetopayforgas，butthebiggestbenefitisthetimesavedby（8）Jthetrip.Shoppingonlinesavestimeinanotherway.Evenonyourveryfirstonlineshoppingtrip，ifyouenteryourloyaltycardnumber，alltheproductsyou'veboughtbeforeatthestoreshouldpopupasa（n）（9）Gshoppinglist.Justclicktheonesyou'dliketobuyagainandyou'redone.No（10）Bwanderinginthestore.【答案】（1）﹣（5）FAKDH（6）﹣（10）CIJGB【分析】這是一篇說明文，文章通過消費(fèi)者Spade的經(jīng)歷講述了網(wǎng)購的好處?！窘獯稹浚?）考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：然而，大約一個月前，當(dāng)附近的一家雜貨店開始提供網(wǎng)上購物時，Spade抓住了這個嘗試的機(jī)會。分析可知，主句中缺少謂語，且表示"抓住機(jī)會"，短語jumpatthechance符合題意，結(jié)合從句時態(tài)可知，句子是在敘述過去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時，故填jumped。故選F。（2）考查動詞原形。句意：她甚至不在乎有送貨費(fèi)，也不在乎商店不允許使用紙質(zhì)優(yōu)惠券或在線訂單的價格匹配。助動詞didnot后應(yīng)用動詞原形，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示"允許"，應(yīng)用動詞allow。故選A。（3）考查可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：為什么一個超級購物者會愿意放棄她最喜歡的一些節(jié)省策略去網(wǎng)上購物呢？分析可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞作介詞of的賓語，結(jié)合句意可知，名詞strategy"策略"符合題意，結(jié)合語境可知，此處應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填strategies。故選K。（4）考查形容詞。句意：Spade解釋道："對于無法領(lǐng)取優(yōu)惠券和價格匹配的購物者來說，在商店購物將帶來更大的節(jié)省。"根據(jù)句意及后文to可知，形容詞inaccessible"不可得到的"符合題意。故選D。（5）考查動詞原形。句意：于是Spade冒險成功下了第一個訂單。根據(jù)空前不定式符號to可知，此處應(yīng)用動詞原形，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示"下單"，應(yīng)用動詞place。故選H。（6）考查可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。句意：她說："之后我去了商店，測試了一下價格差距，我發(fā)現(xiàn)訂購的所有東西的價格都和商店里的價格一樣。"結(jié)合句意表示"價格差距"，應(yīng)用短語pricegap，故填gap。故選C。（7）考查可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。句意：根據(jù)您購買的物品的大小，商店的運(yùn)送費(fèi)在7.95美元和12.95美元之間。分析可知，形容詞性物主代詞your后應(yīng)用名詞作介詞of的賓語，結(jié)合句意表示"購買的物品"，應(yīng)用名詞purchase，結(jié)合語境可知，此處特指您購買的物品，應(yīng)用其單數(shù)形式，故填purchase。故選I。（8）考查動名詞。句意：你可以立即抵消一點錢，因為你不必支付汽油費(fèi)，但最大的好處是不跑這一趟節(jié)省的時間。分析可知，此處應(yīng)用動名詞作介詞by的賓語，結(jié)合句意表示"不做"，應(yīng)用動詞skip，故填skipping。故選J。（9）考查形容詞。句意：即使是在你的第一次網(wǎng)上購物之旅中，如果你輸入了你的積分卡，你以前在商店購買的所有產(chǎn)品都會出現(xiàn)成為一個個性化的購物清單。分析可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語，修飾后文名詞短語shoppinglist，結(jié)合句意可知，形容詞personalized"個性化的"符合題意。故選G。（10）考查動名詞。句意：不要費(fèi)力在店里閑逛了。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示"不必費(fèi)心"，應(yīng)用nobothering，故填bothering。故選B?！军c評】如何做選詞填空1.根據(jù)語法，判斷詞性一般的空缺都可以通過其所在的句式結(jié)構(gòu)和句法成分來判斷其詞性，從而正確的選詞，進(jìn)一步縮小詞的選擇范圍。2.利用語境，確定詞形當(dāng)確定了一個單詞的詞性后，可通過上下文來幫助判斷其形式，如動詞的人稱數(shù)，時態(tài)，語態(tài)，固定短語；名詞的數(shù)和所有格，形容詞，副詞的比較級等。ReadingComprehensionSectionA16．Peoplebelievethathavingpetsisoverallagoodthingforchildren.Butdoesthisbeliefholdupto（1）B？Thenewfieldofhuman﹣animalinteractionaimstofindout.Tenyearsago，whenpsychologistJoanSmithreviewedtheliteratureonchild﹣animalrelationships，shereportedthatinteractingwithanimalsledyoungchildrentobetterunderstandbiologythanpet﹣lesschildren.Kindergartenerswhohadcaredforgoldfishweremore（2）Cwhenrespondingtoquestionslike"doesagoldfishhaveaheart？"Theyalsomoreeasily（3）Abiologicalinformationfromonespeciestoanother，inferringthatbabyfrogsgetbiggerjustlikegoldfishdo.Shealsoreportsthatthosekidswhoturnedtotheirpetsforemotionalsupportwereless（4）Dthanthesewhodidn't.Thepasttenyearshaveseensomeadvances，butliteratureonthetopicisstillrather（5）A.ArecentpaperbyresearcherMegBrownatLakesideUniversity（6）Bsomeimportantinformationtothediscussion.Sheturnedtoadatasetthatincludesinformationfrom7，000kids，rangingin（7）Bfromthirteentonineteenyears.Forthestudy，bothpetowningandothertypesof（8）Dactivities，likehorsebackriding，wereconsideredashuman﹣animalinteractionexperience.Shefoundthatadolescentswithanimalexperienceweremorelikelytoseethemselvesasimportant（9）Ctotheircommunities，suchasdoingcommunityservice.Shealsofoundthatthehigherthelevelof（10）Cbetweenateenagerandanimals，thehighertheyscoredonmeasurementsofemotionalconnectednessingeneral.Whilecausality（因果關(guān)系）cannotbedetermined，Brownsaysthatitisatleast（11）Athatchildrenandadolescentscanlearnabouthealthysocialrelationshipsfromtheirexperiencesofinteractingwithanimals."Ifaconnectionexistsbetweentheskillsrequiredfortheserelationships，thenitmightbeusefultomakeuseofanimalrelationshipsasawayto（12）Dthedevelopmentofsocialskills，"shesays.Brownisawareofthelimitationsofherstudy.Itcan'treachanyconclusionsaboutthecausalroleofanimalsinkids'lives，andit'slimitedto（13）Anationwide.Besides，thestudywasnotdesignedto（14）Banypotentialnegativeeffectsofhuman﹣animalinteractionexperiences.Someotherstudies，forexample，haveshownthatpetownershavehigherlevelsofpsychological（15）D，likedepression，thannon﹣petowners.（1）A.commonsenseB.scientificevidenceC.universalassumptionsD.naturaltendencies（2）A.enthusiasticB.curiousC.accurateD.serious（3）A.transferredB.collectedC.judgedD.spread（4）A.cautiousB.vigorousC.ambitiousD.anxious（5）A.limitedB.reliableC.variedD.fascinating（6）A.owesB.addsC.restrictsD.adapts（7）A.statusB.ageC.heightD.performance（8）A.animal﹣watchingB.animal﹣ledC.animal﹣friendlyD.animal﹣related（9）A.donatorsB.delegatesC.contributorsD.witnesses（10）A.differenceB.isolationC.attachmentD.disapproval（11）A.possibleB.questionableC.misleadingD.uncertain（12）A.blockB.stressC.involveD.promote（13）A.teenagersB.researchersC.pet﹣lesschildrenD.petowners（14）A.doawaywithB.throwlightonC.takeadvantageofD.makeupfor（15）A.needsB.testsC.explanationsD.disorders【答案】BCADABBDCCADABD【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要討論了人與動物互動對兒童的影響。過去的研究表明，與動物互動可以幫助兒童更好地理解生物學(xué)知識，并且能夠提供情感支持。最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，有動物互動經(jīng)驗的青少年更有可能認(rèn)為自己在社區(qū)中扮演重要角色，并且與動物的情感聯(lián)系程度越高，他們在情感上的連結(jié)度也越高。盡管這些研究不能確定因果關(guān)系，但它們表明與動物互動可以促進(jìn)兒童和青少年的社交技能發(fā)展。然而，這些研究也存在一些限制，無法確定動物在兒童生活中的因果作用，并且僅限于特定地區(qū)的研究。此外，一些其他研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，養(yǎng)寵物的人比不養(yǎng)寵物的人更容易出現(xiàn)心理問題，如抑郁?！窘獯稹浚?）考查名詞短語及語境理解。A.commonsense常識；B.scientificevidence科學(xué)證據(jù)；C.universalassumptions普遍假設(shè)；D.naturaltendencies自然傾向。句意：但這種觀點經(jīng)得起科學(xué)證據(jù)的檢驗嗎？。根據(jù)前一句"人們認(rèn)為養(yǎng)寵物對孩子來說是一件好事"及后一句"人與動物相互作用的新領(lǐng)域旨在找到答案"可知，該空意思是"科學(xué)證據(jù)"。故選B。（2）考查形容詞及語境理解。A.enthusiastic熱情的；B.curious好奇的；C.accurate準(zhǔn)確的；D.serious嚴(yán)重的。句意：在回答"金魚有心臟嗎？"這樣的問題時，照顧過金魚的幼兒園孩子的回答更為準(zhǔn)確。根據(jù)前句"她報告說，與沒有寵物的孩子相比，與動物互動能讓年幼的孩子更好地理解生物學(xué)。"可知，該空所在句表示養(yǎng)過金魚的孩子回答更"準(zhǔn)確"。故選C。（3）考查動詞及語境理解。A.transferred轉(zhuǎn)移；B.collected收集；C.judged裁決；D.spread擴(kuò)散。句意：他們還更容易將生物信息從一個物種轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個物種。根據(jù)后文"推斷小青蛙會像金魚一樣變大"可知，該空所在句意思是從一個生物"轉(zhuǎn)移"到另一個生物。故選A。（4）考查形容詞及語境理解。A.cautious小心的；B.vigorous精力充沛的；C.ambitious有抱負(fù)的；D.anxious焦慮的。句意：她還報告說，那些向?qū)櫸飳で笄楦兄С值暮⒆颖饶切]有寵物的孩子更不焦慮。根據(jù)語境可知，有寵物相伴的孩子更不"焦慮"。故選D。（5）考查形容詞及語境理解。A.limited有限的；B.reliable可靠的；C.varied多變的；D.fascinating迷人的。句意：但關(guān)于這一主題的文獻(xiàn)仍然相當(dāng)有限。根據(jù)but可知，該句意思與前一句"在過去的十年中已經(jīng)取得了一些進(jìn)展"發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)折，所以該空意思是"有限的"。故選A。（6）考查動詞及語境理解。A.owes虧欠；B.adds補(bǔ)充；C.restricts約束；D.adapts適應(yīng)。句意：湖邊大學(xué)研究員梅格?布朗最近發(fā)表的一篇論文為這一討論補(bǔ)充了一些重要信息。在第二段中表述了心理學(xué)家瓊?史密斯的觀點，所以該段提到的研究員梅格?布朗的論文應(yīng)是"補(bǔ)充"觀點和信息。故選B。（7）考查名詞及語境理解。A.status地位；B.age年齡；C.height身高；D.performance表演。句意：她求助于一個數(shù)據(jù)集，其中包括7000名兒童的信息，年齡從13歲到19歲不等。根據(jù)空后的"從13歲到19歲不等"可知，該空意思是"年齡"。故選B。（8）考查復(fù)合形容詞及語境理解。A.animal﹣watching動物觀賞的；B.animal﹣led動物引導(dǎo)的；C.animal﹣friendly動物友好的；D.animal﹣related動物互動的。句意：在這項研究中，養(yǎng)寵物和其他類型的動物相關(guān)活動，如騎馬，都被認(rèn)為是人類與動物的互動的體驗。根據(jù)句意可知，該句提到人類與動物之間進(jìn)行的互動，所以該空意思是"與動物互動的"。故選D。（9）考查名詞及語境理解。A.donators捐贈者；B.delegates代表；C.contributors貢獻(xiàn)者；D.witnesses目擊者。句意：她發(fā)現(xiàn)，有動物經(jīng)歷的青少年更有可能將自己視為社區(qū)的重要貢獻(xiàn)者，比如做社區(qū)服務(wù)。根據(jù)空后的"做社區(qū)服務(wù)"可知，該空意思是"貢獻(xiàn)者"。故選C。（10）考查名詞及語境理解。A.difference差異；B.isolation孤立；C.attachment依戀；D.disapproval不贊同。句意：她還發(fā)現(xiàn)，青少年與動物之間的依戀程度越高，他們在情感聯(lián)系方面的總體得分就越高。根據(jù)句意可知，該句表達(dá)的是人與動物之間的"依戀"。故選C。（11）考查形容詞及語境理解。A.possible可能的；B.questionable可疑的；C.misleading誤導(dǎo)的；D.uncertain不確定的。句意：雖然因果關(guān)系無法確定，但布朗說，兒童和青少年至少有可能從他們與動物互動的經(jīng)歷中學(xué)習(xí)到健康的社會關(guān)系。分析句子可知，該句是while"雖然，盡管"引導(dǎo)的讓步主語從句，上一句"雖然因果關(guān)系無法確定"，那么下一句意思發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)折，故該空意思是"可能"。故選A。（12）考查動詞及語境理解。A.block阻塞；B.stress強(qiáng)調(diào)；C.involve牽涉；D.promote促進(jìn)。句意："如果這些關(guān)系所需的技能之間存在聯(lián)系，那么利用動物關(guān)系作為促進(jìn)社會技能發(fā)展的一種方式可能是有用的，"她說。根據(jù)該空前后"利用動物關(guān)系"及"社會技能發(fā)展"可知，該空意思是"促進(jìn)"。故選D。（13）考查名詞及語境理解。A.teenagers青少年；B.researchers研究人員；C.pet﹣lesschildren沒寵物的孩子；D.petowners寵物主人。句意：它無法得出任何關(guān)于動物在兒童生活中的因果作用的結(jié)論，而且僅限于全國的青少年。本文主要講述動物與兒童及青少年之間的關(guān)系的研究，所以該空意思是"青少年"。故選A。（14）考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.doawaywith取消；B.throwlighton闡明，揭示；C.takeadvantageof利用；D.makeupfor彌補(bǔ)。句意：此外，這項研究并不是為了揭示人類與動物互動體驗的任何潛在負(fù)面影響。根據(jù)空后名詞"負(fù)面影響"，可知該空意思是"揭示"。故選B。（15）考查名詞及語境理解。A.needs需要；B.tests測驗；C.explanations解釋；D.disorders紊亂，障礙。句意：例如，其他一些研究表明，養(yǎng)寵物的人比不養(yǎng)寵物的人有更高程度的心理障礙，比如抑郁癥。根據(jù)空前的"心理"及空后的"比如抑郁癥"可知，該空意思是"障礙"。故選D?！军c評】完形填空所涉及的內(nèi)容廣泛，考查的知識點難度在逐漸提高。要做好此類題，首先要通讀全文，初步了解文章大意；然后結(jié)合選項，再讀文章，考慮上下文句意的銜接，結(jié)合語法、句法、詞法，做到語義通順，初步確定選項；完成初步填后，再通讀文章，檢查文章是否通順流暢，用詞是否得當(dāng)，意思是否完整。SectionB17．ASwedishProfessoratNaturalHistorycameouttothefarmtoaskmeforhelp.HehadcometoAfricatofindoutatwhatstageoftheembryo（胚胎）statethefootofthemonkeysbeginstodifferfromthehumanfoot.ForthispurposehemeanttogoandshootColobusmonkeysonMountElgon."YouwillneverfindoutfromtheColobusmonkeys，"Isaidtohim，"theyliveinthetopsofthetreesandareshyanddifficulttoshoot.Itwouldbethegreatestluckshouldyougettheembryoyouwant."TheProfessorwashopeful.Hewasgoingtostayouttillhehadgothisfoot，hesaid，evenifitwasbeforyears.HehadappliedtotheGameDepartmentforpermissiontoshootthemonkeyshewanted.Thepermissionhewas，inviewofthehighscientificobjectofhisresearch，certaintoget，butsofar，hehadhadnoreply."Howmanymonkeyshaveyouaskedtobeallowedtoshoot？"IaskedhimHetoldmethathehad，tobeginwith，askedforpermissiontoshootfifteenhundredmonkeys.NowIknewthepeopleattheGameDepartment，andIassistedhimtosendinasecondletteraskingforareplybyreturnofpost，sincetheProfessorwaskeentogetoffonhisresearch.TheanswerfromtheGameDepartmentdid，foronce，comebyreturnofpost.TheGameDepartment，theywrote，werepleasedtoinformProfessorLandgreenthat，inviewofthescientificobjectofhisresearch，theyhadseentheirwaytomakeanexceptionfromtheirrules，andtoraisethenumberofmonkeysonhislicensefromfourtosix.IhadtoreadtheletterovertwicetotheProfessor.Whenthecontentsatlastwerecleartohim，hebecamesodeadlyshockedandhurt，thathedidnotsayasingleword.Tomyexpressionsofsympathyhemadenoreply，butwalkedoutofthehouse，gotintohiscaranddroveawaysadly.（1）By"Itwouldbethegreatestluckshouldyougettheembryoyouwant"，theauthorimpliesthatA.A.itwasnoeasyjobtogetColobusmonkeysB.therewereveryfewColobusmonkeysinAfricaC.hewishedtheProfessorgoodluckindoingtheresearchD.theProfessorwassuretoobtaintheembryodespitethedifficulties（2）WhatcanbelearnedabouttheGameDepartmentfromthepassage？BA.ItfundedtheProfessor'sscientificresearch.B.ItallowedtheProfessortoshootonlysixmonkeys.C.Itwassetuptohelpresearcherstofindwildanimals.D.ItmaderulesaboutwheretoshootColobusmonkeys.（3）WhydidtheProfessorsaynothingaftertheauthorreadthelettertohim？CA.TheProfessorfoundhisresearchwasmeaningless.B.TheProfessorrealizedhiscrueltyinshootingmonkeys.C.TheProfessorcouldn'tcarryouthisresearchasexpectedD.TheProfessorfeltsorryforbriningtroubletotheauthor.（4）Whichofthefollowingiscoveredinthepassage？BA.ThescarcityofColobusmonkeys.B.ThechangeoftheProfessor'smood.C.TheoriginoftheGameDepartment.D.Thesignificanceofanimalprotection.【答案】ABCB【分析】這是一篇說明文，短文主要講述了一個瑞典教授來非洲進(jìn)行研究但卻失敗而歸的故事。【解答】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段"YouwillneverfindoutfromtheColobusmonkeys，"Isaidtohim，"theyliveinthetopsofthetreesandareshyanddifficulttoshoot.Itwouldbethegreatestluckshouldyougettheembryoyouwant."（"你永遠(yuǎn)不會從疣猴那里知道，"我對他說，"它們住在樹頂，很害羞，很難射擊。如果你能得到你想要的胚胎，那就太幸運(yùn)了。"）可推斷，作者說這句話是想說明找到疣猴并不容易。故選A。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段TheGameDepartment，theywrote，werepleasedtoinformProfessorLandgreenthat，inviewofthescientificobjectofhisresearch，theyhadseentheirwaytomakeanexceptionfromtheirrules，andtoraisethenumberofmonkeysonhislicensefromfourtosix.（他們寫道，游戲部很高興地通知蘭德格林教授，鑒于他研究的科學(xué)目標(biāo)，他們已經(jīng)想辦法破例，把他執(zhí)照上的猴子數(shù)量從四只增加到六只。）可知，游戲部門只允許教授射殺六只猴子。故選B。（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Whenthecontentsatlastwerecleartohim，hebecamesodeadlyshockedandhurt，thathedidnotsayasingleword.（當(dāng)他終于明白了里面的內(nèi)容時，他感到非常震驚和傷心，一句話也沒說。）可知，教授不說話是因為他為不能像預(yù)期的那樣進(jìn)行研究而感到悲傷。故選C。（4）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段TheProfessorwashopeful.（教授滿懷希望。）及最后一段Tomyexpressionsofsympathyhemadenoreply，butwalkedoutofthehouse，gotintohiscaranddroveawaysadly.（對我表示的同情，他沒有回答，而是走出家門，鉆進(jìn)他的汽車，傷心地開車走了。）可知，我們可以在文中看到教授心情的變化。故選B?！军c評】做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。18．COMMONRUNNINGINJURIESRunningisagreatformofexercise.However，runningundercertainconditionscancauseavarietyofinjuries.TheNationalRunningAssociationrecentlyreleasedtheresultsofitslatestsurveyoncommonrunninginjuries，asillustratedinthepictureontheright.Accordingtot