材料專(zhuān)業(yè)常用術(shù)語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)單詞表

專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)資料專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)資料Unit1property （材料的）性質(zhì)heattreatment熱處理metal金屬glass玻璃plastics塑料fiber纖維electronicdevices 電子器件component 組元,組分semiconductingmaterials 半導(dǎo)體材料materialsscieneeandengineering 材料科學(xué)與工程materialsscienee 材料科學(xué)materialsengineering 材料工程materialsscientist 材料科學(xué)家materialsengineer 材料工程師synthesize合成synthesissyntheticsubatomicstructure亞原子結(jié)構(gòu)electron電子atom原子nuclei 原子核nucleusmolecule分子microscopic微觀(guān)的microscope顯微鏡nakedeye 裸眼macroscopic宏觀(guān)的specimen 試樣deformation 變形polished拋光的reflect反射magnitude 量級(jí)solidmaterials固體材料mechanicalproperties 力學(xué)性質(zhì)load載荷force力elasticmodulus 彈性模量strength強(qiáng)度electricalproperties 電學(xué)性質(zhì)electricalconductivity導(dǎo)電性dielectricconstant 介電常數(shù)electricfield電場(chǎng)專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)資料專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)資料thermalbehavior thermalbehavior 熱學(xué)行為專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)資料專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)資料heatcapacity熱容thermalconductivity 熱傳導(dǎo)（導(dǎo)熱性）magneticproperties 磁學(xué)性質(zhì)magneticfield磁場(chǎng)opticalproperties 光學(xué)性質(zhì)electromagneticradiation 電磁輻射lightradiation光輻射indexofrefraction 折射率reflectivity反射率deteriorativecharacteristics 劣化特性processing 力口工performanee 性能linear 線(xiàn)性的integratedcircuitchip 集成電路芯片strength 強(qiáng)度ductility延展性deterioration惡化，劣化mechanicalstrength 機(jī)械強(qiáng)度elevatedtemperature高溫corrosive腐蝕性的fabrication 制造Unit2chemicalmakeup化學(xué)組成atomicstructure 原子結(jié)構(gòu)advaneedmaterials 先進(jìn)材料high-technology高技術(shù)smartmaterials 智能材料nanoengineeredmaterials 纟納米工程材料metallicmaterials 金屬材料nonlocalizedelectrons 游離電子conductor導(dǎo)體electricity電heat熱t(yī)ransparent 透明的visiblelight 可見(jiàn)光polished拋光的surface表面lustrous 有光澤的aluminum 鋁silicon 硅alumina 氧化鋁silica 二氧化硅oxide氧化物carbide碳化物nitride氮化物dioxide二氧化物clayminerals 黏土礦物porcelain瓷器cement水泥mechanicalbehavior力學(xué)行為ceramicmaterials陶瓷材料stiffness勁度strength強(qiáng)度hard堅(jiān)硬brittle脆的fracture破裂insulative絕緣的resistant 耐 的resistanee 耐力,阻力，電阻molecularstructures分子結(jié)構(gòu)chain-like 鏈狀backbone 骨架carbonatoms 碳原子lowdensities 彳氐密度mechanicalcharacteristics 力學(xué)特性inert隋性synthetic （人工）合成的fiberglass 玻璃纖維polymeric 聚合物的epoxy 環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂polyester 聚酯纖維carbonfiber-reinforcedpolymercomposite 碳纖維增強(qiáng)聚合物復(fù)合材料glassfiber-reinforcedmaterials 玻璃纖維增強(qiáng)材料high-strength,low-densitystructuralmaterials 高強(qiáng)度低密度結(jié)構(gòu)材料solarcell太陽(yáng)能電池hydrogenfuelcell 氫燃料電池catalyst催化劑nonrenewableresource 不可再生資源Unit3periodictable（元素）周期表atomicstructure atomicstructure 原子結(jié)構(gòu)專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)資料專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)資料magnetic 磁學(xué)的optical光學(xué)的microstructure 微觀(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)macrostructure 宏觀(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)positivelychargednucleus 帶正電的原子核atomicnumber 原子序數(shù)proton 質(zhì)子atomicweight原子量neutron 中子negativelychargedelectrons 帶負(fù)電的電子shell殼層magnesium 鎂chemicalbonds化學(xué)鍵partially-filledelectronshells 未滿(mǎn)電子殼層bond成鍵metallicbond金屬鍵nonmetalatoms 非金屬原子covalentbond 共價(jià)鍵ionicbond離子鍵專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)資料專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)資料Unit4physicalproperties 物理性質(zhì)chemicalproperties 化學(xué)性質(zhì)flammability易燃性corrosion 腐蝕oxidation 氧化oxidationresistanee 抗氧化性vapor(vapour) 蒸汽,蒸氣,汽melt熔化solidify凝固vaporize汽化，蒸發(fā)condense凝聚sublime升華state態(tài)plasma 等離子體相變溫度線(xiàn)性熱膨脹系數(shù)電導(dǎo)和電阻phasetransformationtemperaturesdensity 相變溫度線(xiàn)性熱膨脹系數(shù)電導(dǎo)和電阻specificgravity比重thermalconductivity熱導(dǎo)linearcoefficientofthermalexpansionelectricalconductivityandresistivitycorrosionresistanee corrosionresistanee 抗腐蝕性專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)資料專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)資料magneticpermeability磁導(dǎo)率phasetransformations相變phasetransitions 相變crystalforms晶型meltingpoint 熔點(diǎn)boilingpoint 沸騰點(diǎn)vaporpressure蒸氣壓atm大氣壓glasstransitiontemperature玻璃化轉(zhuǎn)變溫度mass質(zhì)量volume體積perunitofvolume 每單位體積theaccelerationofgravity重力加速度temperaturedependent隨溫度而變的，與溫度有關(guān)的grams/cubiccentimeter克每立方厘米kilograms/cubicmeter千克每立方米grams/milliliter 克每毫升grams/liter克每升poundspercubicinch磅每立方央寸poundspercubicfoot磅每立方央尺alcohol酒精專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)資料專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)資料benzene苯magnetize 磁化magneticinduction 磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度magneticfieldintensity 磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度constant 常數(shù)vacuum真空magneticfluxdensity 磁通密度diamagnetic 反磁性的factor因數(shù)paramagnetic 順磁性的ferromagnetic 鐵磁性的non-ferrous metals 非鐵金屬，有色金屬brass黃銅ferrous含鐵的ferrousmetals含鐵金屬，黑色金屬relativepermeability相對(duì)磁導(dǎo)率transformer 變壓器，變換器eddycurrentprobe 渦流探針Unit5

耐沖擊性斷裂韌度，斷裂韌性結(jié)構(gòu)材料耐沖擊性斷裂韌度，斷裂韌性結(jié)構(gòu)材料impactresistaneefracturetoughnessstructuralmaterialsanisotropic 各向異性orientation 取向纖維增強(qiáng)橫向texture織構(gòu)fiberreinforcementIongitudinal 纖維增強(qiáng)橫向transversedirectionshorttransversedirection 短橫向afunctionoftemperature 溫度的函數(shù)，溫度條件roomtemperature室溫elongation伸長(zhǎng)率tension 張力，拉力compression壓縮bending 彎曲shear剪切torsion 扭轉(zhuǎn)staticloading 靜負(fù)荷dynamicloading 動(dòng)態(tài)載荷cyclicloading 循環(huán)載荷，周期載荷cross-sectionalarea cross-sectionalarea 橫截面專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)資料專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)資料stress應(yīng)力stressdistribution 應(yīng)力分布strain應(yīng)變engineeringstrain 工程應(yīng)變perpendicular 垂直normalaxis 垂直車(chē)由elasticdeformation 彈性形變plasticdeformation 塑性形變qualitycontrol 質(zhì)量控制nondestructivetests 無(wú)損檢測(cè)tensileproperty 抗張性能，拉伸性能Unit6lattice晶格positiveions正離子acloudofdelocalizedelectrons 離域電子云ionization電離，離子化metalloid 準(zhǔn)金屬，類(lèi)金屬nonmetal 非金屬diagonalline對(duì)角線(xiàn)專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)資料專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)資料polonium釙semi-metal 半金屬lowerleft 左卜萬(wàn)upperright 右上方conductionband 導(dǎo)帶valeneeband 價(jià)帶electronicstructure電子結(jié)構(gòu)syntheticmaterials（人工）合成材料oxygen 氧oxide氧化物rust生銹potassium鉀alkalimetals 堿金屬alkalineearthmetals堿土金屬volatile活潑的transitionmetals 過(guò)渡金屬oxidize氧化barrierlayer 阻擋層basic堿性的acidic酸性的electrochemicalseries電化序electrochemicalcell電化電池

cleave解理，劈開(kāi)elemental兀素的，單質(zhì)的metallicform 金屬形態(tài)tightly-packedcrystallattice密排晶格，密堆積晶格atomicradius 原子半徑nuclearcharge 核電荷numberofbondingorbitals成鍵軌道數(shù)overlapoforbitalenergies軌道能重疊crystalform 晶型planesofatoms 原子面agasofnearlyfreeelectrons近自由電子氣freeelectronmodel 自由電子模型anelectrongas 電子氣bandstructure 能帶結(jié)構(gòu)bindingenergy 鍵能positivepotential 正勢(shì)periodicpotential 周期性勢(shì)能bandgap能隙Brillouinzone 布里淵區(qū)nearly-freeelectronmodel近自由電子模型solidsolution 固溶體puremetals 純金屬duralumin硬鋁,杜拉鋁Unit9purification提純,凈化rawmaterials原材料discrete離散的，分散的iodine碘Iong-chain 長(zhǎng)鏈alkane烷烴,鏈烴oxide氧化物nitride氮化物carbide碳化物diamond 金剛石graphite石墨inorganic無(wú)機(jī)的mixedionic-covalentbonding 離子一共價(jià)混合鍵constituentatoms 組成原子conductionmechanism 傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制phonon聲子photon 光子sapphire藍(lán)寶石visiblelight可見(jiàn)光computer-assistedprocesscontrol 計(jì)算機(jī)輔助過(guò)程控制solid-oxidefuelcell固體氧化物燃料電池sparkpluginsulator火花塞絕緣材料capacitor電容electrode電極electrolyte電解質(zhì)electronmicroscope電子顯微鏡surfaceanalyticalmethods 表面分析方法Unit12macromolecule高分子repeatingstructuralunits 重復(fù)結(jié)構(gòu)單元covalentbond 共價(jià)鍵polymerchemistry高分子化學(xué)polymerphysics 高分子物理polymerscienee 高分子科學(xué)molecularstructure分子結(jié)構(gòu)molecularweights分子量longchains 長(zhǎng)鏈chain-likestructure鏈狀結(jié)構(gòu)monomer 單體plastics塑料rubbers橡膠thermoplastic熱塑性thermoset熱固性vulcanizedrubbers 硫化橡膠thermoplasticelastomer 熱塑彈性體naturalrubbers 天然橡膠syntheticrubbers 合成橡膠thermoplastic熱塑性thermoset熱固性resin樹(shù)脂polyethylene聚乙烯polypropylene 聚丙烯polystyrene 聚苯乙烯polyvinyl-chloride 聚氯乙烯polyvinyl 聚乙烯的chloride氯化物polyester 聚酉旨polyurethane 聚氨酉旨polycarbonate 聚碳酸酯nylon尼龍acrylics 丙烯酸樹(shù)脂aeryIonitrile-butadiene-styreneABS樹(shù)月脂polymerization 聚合（作用）condensationpolymerization 縮聚additionpolymerization 力口聚homopolymer均聚物copolymer共聚物chemicalmodification 化學(xué)改性terminology 術(shù)語(yǔ)nomenclature 命名法chemist化學(xué)家theNoblePrizeinChemistry諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)catalyst催化劑atomicforcemicroscope 原子力顯微鏡（AFM）Unit15composite 復(fù)合材料multiphase多相bulkphase體相matrix基體matrixmaterial matrixmaterial 基質(zhì)材料專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)資料專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)資料reinforcement 增強(qiáng)體reinforcingphase增強(qiáng)相reinforcingmaterial 力口強(qiáng)材料metal-matrixcomposite金屬基復(fù)合材料ceramic-matrixcomposite陶瓷基復(fù)合材料resin-matrixcomposite 樹(shù)脂基復(fù)合材料strengtheningmechanism增強(qiáng)機(jī)理dispersionstrengthenedcomposite 彌散強(qiáng)化復(fù)合材料particlereinforcedcomposites 顆粒增強(qiáng)復(fù)合材料fiber-reinforcedcomposites纖維增強(qiáng)復(fù)合材料Unit18nanotechnology 纟納米技術(shù)nanostructuredmaterials 纟納米結(jié)構(gòu)材料nanometer 纟納米nanoscale 纟納米尺度nanoparticle 纟納米顆粒nanotube 纟納米管nanowire 纟納米線(xiàn)nanorod 纟納米棒專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)資料專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)資料nanoonion纟納米蔥nanobulb納米泡fullerene 富勒烯sizeparameters 尺寸參數(shù)sizeeffect尺寸效應(yīng)criticallength 臨界長(zhǎng)度mesoscopic介觀(guān)的quantummechanics 量子力學(xué)quantumeffects量子效應(yīng)surfaceareaperunitmass單位質(zhì)量的表面積surfacephysicsandchemistry 表面物理化學(xué)substrate襯底，基底graphene石墨烯chemicalanalysis 化學(xué)分析chemicalcomposition 化學(xué)成分analyticaltechniques 分析技術(shù)scanningtunnelingmicroscope 掃描隧道顯微鏡spatialresolution 空間分辨率deBrogilewavelength 德布羅意波長(zhǎng)meanfreepathofelectrons （電子）平均自由