《安全員》課件-安全與安全生產(chǎn)的概念

《安全員》TheSecurity第一章建筑工程安全概述Chapter1Overviewofsafetyinconstructionwork安全是指不發(fā)生財(cái)產(chǎn)損失、人身傷害，對(duì)健康及環(huán)境不造成危害的一種形態(tài)。安全的實(shí)質(zhì)是防止事故的發(fā)生，消除導(dǎo)致各種傷害、財(cái)產(chǎn)損失、職業(yè)病和環(huán)境危害發(fā)生的條件。Safetyisaformoffreedomfrompropertydamage,personalinjuryandharmtohealthandtheenvironment.Theessenceofsafetyisthepreventionofaccidentsandtheeliminationofconditionsthatleadtotheoccurrenceofvariousinjuries,propertydamage,occupationaldiseasesandenvironmentalhazards.(1)平面布置(1)Planelayout在《辭海》中將安全生產(chǎn)定義為預(yù)防生產(chǎn)過程中發(fā)生人身、設(shè)備事故，形成良好勞動(dòng)環(huán)境和工作秩序而采取的一系列措施和活動(dòng)；在《中國(guó)大百科全書》中將安全生產(chǎn)定文為保障勞動(dòng)者在生產(chǎn)過程中的安全的一項(xiàng)方針，也是企業(yè)管理必須遵循的一項(xiàng)原則，要求最大限度地減少勞動(dòng)者的工傷和職業(yè)病，保障勞動(dòng)者在生產(chǎn)過程中的生命安全和身體健康；在《安全科學(xué)技術(shù)詞典》中將安全生產(chǎn)定義為企（事）業(yè)単位勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)過程中人身安全、設(shè)備安會(huì)和產(chǎn)品安全，以及交通運(yùn)輸安全等。In“Cihai”,safetyproductionisdefinedasaseriesofmeasuresandactivitiestakentopreventpersonalandequipmentaccidentsduringtheproductionprocess,andtocreateagoodworkingenvironmentandorder;In“theEncyclopediaofChina”,safetyproductionisdefinedasapolicytoensurethesafetyofworkersintheproductionprocess,anditisalsoaprinciplethatenterprisemanagementmustfollow,requiringthemaximumreductionofwork-relatedinjuriesandoccupationaldiseasesforworkers,andensuringtheirlifesafetyandphysicalhealthduringtheproductionprocess;In“theDictionaryofSafetyScienceandTechnology”,safetyproductionisdefinedaspersonalsafety,equipmentsafety,productsafety,andtransportationsafetyinthelaborproductionprocessofenterprises(enterprises).第一節(jié)安全與安全生產(chǎn)的概念Section1Theconceptofsafetyandsafeproduction一般意義上講，安全生產(chǎn)是指在社會(huì)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)中通過人、物、機(jī)、環(huán)境的和諧運(yùn)作，使生產(chǎn)過程中各種潛在的傷害因素和事故風(fēng)險(xiǎn)始終處于有效的控制狀態(tài)，切實(shí)保護(hù)勞動(dòng)者的生命安全和身體健康以及避免財(cái)產(chǎn)損失和環(huán)境危害的一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。Inageneralsense,safeproductionreferstotheharmoniousoperationofpeople,materials,machinesandtheenvironmentinsocialproductionactivities,sothatthevariouspotentialinjuryfactorsandaccidentrisksintheproductionprocessarealwaysinastateofeffectivecontrol,effectivelyprotectingthelivesandhealthofworkersaswellasavoidingpropertydamageandenvironmentalhazards.在生產(chǎn)過程中保護(hù)職工的安全和健康，防止工傷事故和職業(yè)病危害；toprotectthesafetyandhealthofworkersintheproductionprocessandtopreventwork-relatedaccidentsandoccupationalhazards;在生產(chǎn)過程中防止其他各類事故的發(fā)生，確保生產(chǎn)設(shè)備的連續(xù)、穩(wěn)定、安全運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，保護(hù)國(guó)家財(cái)產(chǎn)不受損失。topreventotherkindsofaccidentsintheproductionprocess,toensurethecontinuous,stableandsafeoperationofproductionequipmentandtoprotectnationalpropertyfromlosses.安全生產(chǎn)有兩方面的含義Productionsafetyhastwomeanings在生產(chǎn)過程中保護(hù)職工的安全和健康，防止工傷事故和職業(yè)病危害；toprotectthesafetyandhealthofworkersintheproductionprocessandtopreventwork-relatedaccidentsandoccupationalhazards;在生產(chǎn)過程中防止其他各類事故的發(fā)生，確保生產(chǎn)設(shè)備的連續(xù)、穩(wěn)定、安全運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，保護(hù)國(guó)家財(cái)產(chǎn)不受損失。topreventotherkindsofaccidentsintheproductionprocess,toensurethecontinuous,stableandsafeoperationofproductionequipmentandtoprotectnationalpropertyfromlosses.安全生產(chǎn)有兩方面的含義Productionsafetyhastwomeanings狹義narrowsense

消除或控制生產(chǎn)過程中的危險(xiǎn)和有害因素，保障人身安全健康，做到設(shè)備完好無(wú)損，避免財(cái)產(chǎn)損失，并使生產(chǎn)順利進(jìn)行的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)。Safetyproductioninanarrowsensereferstotheeliminationorcontrolofdangerousandharmfulfactorsintheproductionprocess,toensurepersonalsafetyandhealth,tokeepequipmentintact,toavoidpropertylosses,andtomaketheproductionsmoothproductionactivities.安全生產(chǎn)有狹義和廣義之分Thereisadistinctionbetweenproductionsafetyinanarrowsenseandinabroadsense廣義broadsense

廣義的安全生產(chǎn)是指除對(duì)直接生產(chǎn)過程中的危險(xiǎn)因素進(jìn)行控制外，還包括職業(yè)健康、勞動(dòng)保護(hù)和環(huán)境保護(hù)等方面的控制。

Andthebroadsenseofsafeproductionreferstothecontrolofoccupationalhealth,labourprotectionandenvironmentalprotection,inadditiontothecontrolofdangerousfactorsinthedirectproductionprocess.安全生產(chǎn)有狹義和廣義之分Thereisadistinctionbetweenproductionsafetyinanarrowsenseandinabroadsense由此可知，安全生產(chǎn)工作就是為了達(dá)到安全生產(chǎn)目標(biāo)而進(jìn)行的系統(tǒng)性管理活動(dòng)，它由源頭管理、過程控制、應(yīng)急救援、安全教育和事故査處五個(gè)部分構(gòu)成，既包括了生產(chǎn)主體（建筑施工企業(yè)）對(duì)事故風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和傷害因素所進(jìn)行的識(shí)別、評(píng)價(jià)和控制，也包括了政府相關(guān)部門的監(jiān)督管理、事故處理以及安全生產(chǎn)法制建設(shè)、科學(xué)研究、宣傳教育培訓(xùn)、工傷保險(xiǎn)等方面的活動(dòng)。Fromthis,itcanbeseenthatsafetyproductionworkisasystematicmanagementactivitycarriedouttoachievesafetyproductiongoals.Itconsistsoffiveparts:sourcemanagement,processcontrol,emergencyrescue,safetyeducation,andaccidentinvestigation.Itincludestheidentification,evaluation,andcontrolofaccidentrisksandinjuryfactorsbytheproductionentity(constructionenterprise),aswellasthesupervisionandmanagementofrelevantgovernmentdepartmentsActivitiesrelatedtoaccidenthandling,legalconstructionofsafetyproduction,scientificresearch,publicity,educationandtraining,andwork-relatedinjuryinsurance在生產(chǎn)過程中，安全和生產(chǎn)既有矛盾性又有統(tǒng)一性。所謂矛盾性，是生產(chǎn)過程中不安全因素與生產(chǎn)的矛盾，要對(duì)不安全因素采取措施就要增加支出，或影響生產(chǎn)進(jìn)度。所謂統(tǒng)一性，是生產(chǎn)過程中的不安全因素采取措施后，改善了勞動(dòng)條件，職工的工作效率就會(huì)提高。沒有生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)，安全工作就不會(huì)存在；反之，沒有安全工作，生產(chǎn)就不能順利進(jìn)行，這就是安全與生產(chǎn)互為條件、相互依存的體現(xiàn)，也就是安全與生產(chǎn)的統(tǒng)一性。Intheproductionprocess,safetyandproductionarebothcontradictoryandunified.Theso-calledcontradictorynatureisthecontradictionbetweentheunsafefactorsintheproductionprocessandproduction,totakemeasuresagainsttheunsafefactorswillincreaseexpenditureoraffecttheproductionschedule.Theso-calledunity,istheproductionprocessofunsafefactorsaftertakingmeasurestoimprovetheworkingconditions,theefficiencyofworkerswillincrease.Withoutproductionactivities,safetyworkwillnotexist;conversely,withoutsafetywork,productioncannotbecarriedoutsmoothly,whichistheembodimentofsafety