2022年安徽省亳州市第五完全中學(xué)高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題

亳州市第五完全中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ADoyouloveoutdoorchallenges?Andthereareabunchofreallyawesomehikingchallengesouttherenowthatwillnotonlyinspireyoutogetoutsidemoreandpushyourselfphysically，butalsoprovideyouaccesstoanawesomecommunityofhikersandoften-timeshikinggroupsfocusingonthesamechallenges.1.THE52HIKECHALLENGEThegoalofthe52HikeChallengeistogetyououtsidemovingeveryweekforanentireyear.Thedifficultyandlengthisentirelyuptoyou，butthepointistogetoutandtogetmoving!Registeronlinenowandtheresourcesontheirwebsiteallowyoutotrackyourjourneyasyoucompleteeachweeklyhikeandearncompletionbadgesasyougo.2.WEHIKETOHEALWeHiketoHealisamonth-longwomen'sempowermentandwellnesscampaignthatorganizesgrouphikesallovertheworldonthelastSaturdayofMarch.Theorganization'smissionistoencouragewomenallovertheworldtotapintothehealingandempoweringinfluenceswithinthemselvesandtheGreatOutdoors.Youcanjointhemovementforfreeinthelinkaboveandfindfreegrouphikesthatwillbehappeningallovertheworld.3.CURE-SEARCHULTIMATEHIKEThiseventisputonbyCureSearchonFebruary4theveryyear,anon-profitorganizationdedicatedtofindingacureandawaytoraisemoneyforchildren’scancer.Tojointhiseventthatsupportsanincrediblecause,youattendaninformationalsession,registerandgetyourownonlinefund-raisingpageandraisemoneytosupportyourtrekforchildren'scancerresearch.4.THE365MILECHALLENGEThischallengeisgreatbecauseitissosimple.Thegoalistogetoutsideeverydayandwalkamile.Thischallengefocusesonsmalleffortsthat,overtime,havebigresultsandfocuseson,creatinghealthyhabitstobenefityourmind,body,andsoul.Tojoinallyouhavetodoisregister,jointheFacebookgroup,andstartmoving.21.Whichofthehikingchallengesisspeciallyintendedforwomen?A.WeHiketoHeal B.The52HikeChallenge.C.Cure-searchUltimateHike. D.The365MileChallenge.22.Whatdoallthechallengeshaveincommon?A.Money-raising. B.Badge-earning.C.Internet-related. D.Gender-based.23.Howmanychallengescouldyouattendifyouhopetoworkoutregularly?A.OnlyoneB.Four.C.ThreeD.Two.BCarlWilhelmScheeleranksasoneofthegreatestscientistsofalltime,buthepaidabigpriceforthishonor.Bornin1742inpresent-dayGermany,Scheelelearnedaboutchemicalsfromhisparentsstartingatayoungage.Whenhewas14,hewassentawaytoGothenburg(哥德堡)tobecometheapprentice(學(xué)徒)ofafamilyfriend.Therehespenteightyearsstudyingchemistryandconductingexperimentslateintothenight.Next,ScheelemovedaroundtheHolyRomanEmpire,workingfordifferentchemistsandbecomingmorelearnedinhistrade.In1767,hemovedtoStockholm,wherehediscoveredtartaricacid(酒石酸).AfterthreeyearsinStockholm,hebecamethedirectoroftheLockeLaboratory.Itwasthere,whilehewasanalyzingastrangereaction,thatScheelebecamethefirstpersontoidentifyoxygen.Hecalledtheelement“fireair”becausehebelieved,basedonthetheoriesofhistime,thatasubstancethatmadeupfirewasreleasedfromitemswhentheyburned.Scheelebelievedoxygentobethissubstance,notunderstandingthatoxygenismerelyanelementthatfacilitates(促進)thechemicalreactionthatisfire.Ashistoricasthisdiscoverywas,Scheeleseldomgotcreditforit,largelybecauseEnglishscientistJosephPriestleypublishedfindingsonoxygenbeforeScheele,eventhoughitisnowgenerallyacceptedthatScheelemadetheactualdiscoveryfirst.Throughhiswork,hethusexposedhimselftomanyharmfulmaterials.ThesechemicalshadadeadlyeffectonScheele,andheeventuallydiedofkidneyfailurein1786.Sadly,inspiteofhismanyachievementsandthefactthathegavehislifetochemistry,CarlWilhelmScheeleisoftenforgotteninthehistoryofscience.Thoughhediscoveredmanyelementsbeforeotherbetter-knownscientistsdid,hisunwillingnesstobothattendmeetingsoftheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciencesandtopublishhisworkallowedotherscientiststotakecreditfordiscoveriesthathehadmade.24.WhofirsttaughtChemistrytoScheele?A.Hisparents. B.JosephPriestley. C.Hisfamilyfriend. D.TheHolyRomanEmpire.25.WhendidScheeleprobablydiscoveroxygen?A.In1745. B.In1767. C.In1770.D.In1789.26.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“theelement”referto?A.Oxygen. B.Tartaricacid. C.Thestrangereaction. D.Thechemicalexperiment.27.WhatcanwelearnaboutScheelefromthetext?A.Hehasbeenworld-famoussincethe1700s. B.Heactuallydiedduetohisdangerouswork.C.HediscoveredoxygenlaterthanJosephPriestley. D.Hethoughthisfindingswerenotvaluableatall.CGirlsshouldtakepartincompetitivesporttobuildconfidence,andtheleadersofagroupofgirls’schoolswillarguethisweek.HelenFraser,directoroftheGirls’DaySchoolTrust(GDST),willtellthegroupthatsportcanhelpgirlsdealwithfailure.“Allgirls,notjustthesportyones,shouldtakephysicalexercise,”Ms.Frasersays.Researchthatgirlsarefarlessactivethanboysisworrying,sheargues.Ms.Fraserwilltellthegroupthatshesupports“sportforall”.“That’swhyIloveitwhenourschoolshaveA,B,CandDteamsandbeyond,”shesays.TheGDSTdrawsonresearchfromtheWomen’sSportandFitnessFoundationwhichsuggestsonlyaquarterofgirlsinEnglandmeetbasiclevelsofactivityeachweek.Oneinfivegirlsdonoactivityatall,twicetheproportionofboys,theresearchsuggests.Ms.Frasersaysotherresearchsuggeststhatmorethan80%ofwomenbusinessleadersplayedsportswhilegrowingup.SheusestheexamplesofformerUSSecretaryofStateCondoleezzaRice,whooncewasaskaterandtennisplayer,andtheheadoftheInternationalMonetaryFund,ChristineLagarde,whowasintheFrenchnationalswimmingteam.Ms.FrasersaysOlympicmedallistslikeJessicaEnnisandKatherineGraingerareexcellentrolemodelsforyoungwomenbutsayswomen’ssportneedsmoremoneyandmorenewsreports.ValerieDunsford,headofSheffieldHighSchoolforGirls,partofGDST,saiditwasimportanttoofferalargenumberofsportstoattractdifferenttypesofgirls.“Noteveryonewantstobeoutplayingthehockey.”saidMs.Dunsford.28.WhichofthefollowingideaswouldMs.Fraseragreewith?A.Boysareborntobesportlovers. B.Girlsarelessconfidentthanboys.C.Moreshouldbedonetomakegirlsdosports. D.Thosetakingpartinthesportarealwayssuccesses.29.What’stheproportionofboyswhonevertakeexercise?A.1/10. B.1/5. C.1/4D.2/5.30.Ms.Frasermentionsthosefamouswomentoshow__________.A.hardworkwillpayoff B.it’snoteasytobegreatC.sportcanhelpgirlstosucceed D.it’snecessarytobalanceworkandsport31.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Toexplainthekeytosuccess. B.Toshowtheimportanceofsport.C.Tointroducemoresportstogirls. D.Toencouragemoregirlstodosports.DDoyoucontinuetobehealthyinsocialisolation?NASAislookingforpeopletospend8monthslockedinaRussianlabforanewexperiment.WhenhumansgotothemoonandtraveltoMars,theywillneedtobepreparedforlong-termspacetravelandevenlongerstaysonthesefar-offdestinations.Currently,NASA'sArtemisprogramaimstolandhumansonthemoonforthefirsttimesinceNASA'sApollo17missionlandedin1972.WhilethemoonisthemaingoalofNASA'sArtemisprogram,theagency'slargergoalistosendpeopletoMars.Butlong-termspacetravelandhabitationwon'tbeeasy.Suchmissionswillpresentbothphysicalandmentalchallengesasastronautsworktonotonlysurvive,butperformimportantscientificresearchinuniquelydifficultenvironments.IntheupcomingNASA-Russiaexperiment,agroupofpeoplewillliveinaclosedfacilityatRussia'sInstituteforBiomedicalProblems,whichisinMoscow.Thishabitatfacilitywasusedin2011fornotableseriesofRussianmock(模擬的)MarsmissionsknownasMars500.Duringthesemissions,groupsofpeoplespent520and105daysontwoseparatemissionsinthefacility.Thefacility,accordingtothestatement,willhave"environmentalfactorssimilartothoseastronautsareexpectedtoexperienceonfuturemissionstoMars".Thegroupofpeoplewillspend8monthslivingtogetherinisolationandworkingonscientificresearch.BylivingandworkinginthisMars-likeenvironment,participantsinthisstudywillhelpNASAresearchersbetterunderstandthepsychologicalandphysiological(心理和生理的)effectsofisolation.Thesemissionshelpresearchersnotonlyperformrelevantscienceexperimentsbutalsoseehowpeoplemightgetonunderstrangeconditionsforlongperiodsoftime.So,ifyou'refindingthatlivinginsocialisolationworksforyou,youmightbeparticularlywell-suitedforlivinginaMars-likeenvironmentandthiscouldbeforyou.Butfirst,youhavetoqualify.NASAislookingfor"highlymotivated"Americansbetweentheagesof30-55,whomustspeakbothRussianandEnglishfluentlyandhaveaMasterofScience,DoctorofPhilosophy,DoctorofMedicine,ormilitaryofficertraining.Applicantswithotherrelatedexperiencemayalsobeconsidered.Thosewhoarechosentobeapartofthisgroupwillbepaidfortheirwork.32.Whatdoweknowaboutthenewexperiment?A.ItwillfindthebestwayforhumanstoliveonMars.B.Itisthefirstofitskindtobecarriedoutsince1972.C.ItispreparedforNASA'shumanspaceflightprogram.D.ItwilldecidethepeopletobesenttothemoonbyNASA.33.Whydoestheauthormention"Mars500"inthetext?A.Toexplainwhythefacilityhasbeenchosen.B.Tocomparethesimilaritiesamongrelatedmissions.C.ToshowRussia'sachievementinspaceexploration.D.Toindicatethenewexperimentwillhavegreatsuccess.34.WhatisParagraph6mainlyabout?A.Theprocessoftheexperiment. B.Thepurposesoftheexperiment.C.Thepopularityoftheexperiment. D.Thepreparationsfortheexperiment.35.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Artemis:NASA'snewprogramB.Loveisolation?NASAwantsyou!C.NASA'sMarsexplorationprogram D.WanttohaveatriptoMars?Come!第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Doyoufindyourselftakinganap(打盹)atyourdesk,evenafterwhatyouthoughtwasagoodnight’srest?Thenyouprobablyhavethesamequestionassomanyothers:HowmuchdoIneedtosleep?36.ThisisputforwardbyDr.RajDasgupta,anassistantprofessorattheKeckSchoolofMedicineoftheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.However,hereareafewwaystoimproveyoursleep.Sticktoabedtimeroutine.37.Youcanevenkeepajournaltonotedownthesesleeptimesandhowoftenyouwakeupatnight,saidDasgupta.Bydoingthisyoucanhaveanideaofwhatworksforyou.Besides,youshouldalsomakesureyourroomisdark,coolandcomfortablewhenyougotosleep.“Particularlyifyouareaimingtofallasleepearlier,it’simportanttoexposeyourselftobrightnaturallightasearlyaspossibleintheday,andtolimitexposuretolightinthehoursbeforebedtime,”shesaid.“Electronicdevicesmimic(模仿)manyofthewavelengthsinsunlightthatcueyourbodytostayawake.”39.Dasgupta’srecentstudyshowedthatfocusingattentiontrainingcouldalsohelpchildrensleepoveranhourmorepernight.Theycantakebreathingexercisesandyoga,forexample.Setgoodfoodandexercisehabits.Finally,eatinghealthilyandkeepingadailyfitnessroutinecansupportbettersleepatnight.“40,”hesaid.“Exerciserelievesstress.Italsohelpsbuildupyourdrivetosleepatnight.”A.TryfocusingattentiontechniquesB.TheanswerisnotsostraightforwardC.SeektogettrainingofsomerelaxingexercisesD.YoushouldbeconsistentwithexerciseduringthedayE.Lightexposurecanaffectyourbody’ssleep-wakecycleF.TherewillbeanewelectronicdeviceonthemarketsoonG.Itisgreattogotobedandwakeupatthesametimeeveryday第三部分語言知識運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)完型填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。IteachbiologyatUNLVthreetimesperweek.LastMonday,atthebeginningofclass,I41askedmystudentshowtheirweekendhadbeen.Oneyoungmansaidthathisweekendhadnotbeensogood.Hehadhiswisdomteeth42.ThenhewentontoaskmewhyI43tobesocheerful.Hisquestion44meofsomethingI’dreadsomewherebefore:“Everymorningwhenyougetup,youhaveachoiceabouthowyouwantto45lifethatday,”Isaid.“Ichoosetobecheerful.”“Letmegiveyouan46,”Icontinued,47allsixtystudentsintheclass.“InadditiontoteachinghereatUNLV,IalsoteachoutatthecommunitycollegeinHenderson,17milesdownthefreewayfromwhereIlive.OnedayafewweeksagoIdrovetoHenderson.I48thehighwayandturnedontoCollegeDrive.Ionlyhadtodriveanotherquartermiledowntheroadtothecollege.Butjustthenmycar49.Itriedtostartitagain,buttheenginewouldn’t50.SoIputmyflasherson,tookmybooks,and51downtheroadtothecollege.“AssoonasIgotthere,IcalledAAA(汽車協(xié)會)and52foratowtrucktomeetmeatmycarafterclass.Thesecretarythereaskedmewhathadhappened.“Thisismy53day,”Ireplied,smiling.“Yourcarbreaksdownandtodayisyourluckyday?”Shewaspuzzled.“Whatdoyoumean?”“Ilive17milesfromhere”,Ireplied.“Mycarcouldhavebrokendownanywherealongthefreeway.Itdidn’t.54,itbrokedowninthe55place:offthefreeway,withinwalkingdistanceofhere.I’mstillabletoteachmyclass,andI’vebeenabletoarrangeforthetowtrucktomeetmeafterclass.Ifmycarwas56tobreakdowntoday,itcouldn’thavebeenarrangedinamoreconvenientfashion.”Thesecretary’seyesopenedwide,andthenshesmiled.Ismiledbackandheadedforclass.SoIendedmystorytothestudentsinmyeconomicsclass.I57the60facesinthelecturehall.Despitetheearlyhour,nooneseemedtobeasleep.58,mystoryhadtouchedthem.Ormaybeitwasn’tthestoryatall.59,ithadallstartedwithastudent’s60thatIwascheerful.Awisemanoncesaid:“Whoyouarespeaksloudertomethananythingyoucansay”.Isupposeitmustbeso.41.A.seriously B.cheerfully C.curiously D.coldly42.A.cut B.broken C.lost D.removed43.A.never B.seldom C.always D.hardly44.A.reminded B.asked C.informed D.mentioned45.A.approach B.love C.give D.enjoy46.A.lesson B.idea C.story D.example47.A.addressing B.facing C.attracting D.lecturing48.A.entered B.followed C.exited D.took49.A.died B.destroyed C.settled D.parked50.A.turnaround B.turnover C.turnback D.turnaway51.A.moved B.marched C.struggled D.turned52.A.required B.applied C.demanded D.arranged53.A.good B.bad C.lucky D.hard54.A.However B.Therefore C.Instead D.Besides55.A.perfect B.empty C.terrible D.free56.A.wished B.asked C.supposed D.meant57.A.examined B.scanned C.studiedD.analyzed58.A.Somehow B.Anyhow C.ThusD.Therefore59.A.Inaddition B.Inall C.InfactD.Onthecontrary60.A.observation B.recognitionC.judgmentD.consideration第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。A61(major)ofyoungChinesearetakingscientistssuchasYuanLongping,knownas“thefatherofhybridrice”，astheiridols,withmanyofthem62(want)topassontheirspirit,arecentsurvey(調(diào)查)found.Thenationwidesurvey,conductedinBeijingbyChinaYouthDaily,interviewed1,630peopleaged14to35andfoundthat81%saidthey63(encourage)bythestoriesofthetopscientistsandwantedtobecomescientists64(they).Yuandied65theageof91inChangsha,Hunanprovince,onMay22.Thesurveyalsofoundthatthe“spiritofscientists”includedloveforthecountryandawillingness66(serve)thepeople,thecourageandeffortstoreach67(science)breakthroughs.HuangChong，theheadofthesocialinvestigation(調(diào)查)centeratChinaYouthDaily68ledthesurvey,saidthefindingswereunexpected.HuanghadnotexpectedtofindthatintheInternetage,69onlinecelebritiesattractmuchattentionandquicklygainfameandbenefits,somanyyoungpeoplewouldwanttobecomescientistsasomewhatlow-keyoccupationthatrequireslonghoursofhardwork,forwhichrewardscome70(slow).第四部分：寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分35分)第一節(jié)短文改錯(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文。請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文.文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處，每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；只允許修改10處,多者（從第11處起）不計分。Mary,myfavoriteteacher,isaprettylady.Ilikehimbestbecausesheisnotonlyfriendlybutalsoprofessional.Shehasgoodteachingmethods.Herclassisfulloffunssowedon’tfeelboring.Toimproveourgrades,sheusuallygivesussomeadviceaboutwhattolearnEnglishwell.What’smore,shespendsmuchtimehelpeverystudent.Sometimes,shenearlyhasnotimetohavelunch.WhenIaskherquestions,shealwaystriestomakemetounderstandwithmuchpatienceandcare.I’mluckilyenoughtohavesuchgoodteacherinmylife.Maryhaveagreatinfluenceonme.Manythankswithherhelp.第二節(jié)書面表達（滿分25分）針對校園浪費糧食的現(xiàn)象，學(xué)校將舉行以“節(jié)約糧食”為主題的倡議活動。假定你是學(xué)生會主席，請你代表學(xué)生會給全體同學(xué)寫一封倡議書，內(nèi)容如下：1.活動的意義；2.具體的做法；3.呼吁從我做起，節(jié)約糧食。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為100詞左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Dearfellowstudents,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TheStudents'Union

期末考試答案聽力：1—5BABCC6—10BBAAC11—15CAACB16—20CBACA閱讀理解：21-23.ACD24-27ACAB28-31.CACD32-35.CABB36-40BGEAD完形填空：41-45.BDCAA46-50.DACAB51-55.BDCCA41-45CBCAD46-50BABCD51-55ABDCC56-60.DBACA語法填空：61.majority62.wanting63.wereencouraged64.themselves65.at66.toserve67.scientific68.who/that69.when70.slowly短文改錯1.him→her2.funs→fun3.boring→bored4.what→how5.help→helping6.去掉understand前面的to7.luckily→lucky8.在good前加a9.have→has10.with→for范文：Dearfellowstudents,BeingthriftonfoodisaChinesetraditionalvirtue.Moreimportantly,inthetimeofpandemicandnaturaldisasters,savingfoodisofvitalsignificanceforacountrywith1.4billionpeople.Theschoolistolaunchacampaignagainstfoodwaste.Posterswillbeputuptoadvocatesavingfood.Asforstudents,pleasedon’torderfoodthatwecan’tfinish.Furthermore,let’sremindeachothertocleartheplateallthetimeorpackleftovershome.Remember,everygraincomesafterhardtoil.Let’ssavefoodanddoitfromtoday!TheStudents'Union閱讀理解A篇：【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了幾條很棒的徒步旅行挑戰(zhàn)的詳細信息?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“WeHiketoHealisamonth-longwomen'sempowermentandwellnesscampaignthatorganizesgrouphikesallovertheworldontheIasiSaturdayofMarch.Theorganization'smissionistoencouragewomenallovertheworldtotapintothehealingandempoweringinfluenceswithinthemselvesandtheGreatOutdoors.（“我們徒步治愈”是一個為期一個月的婦女賦權(quán)和健康運動，在三月的最后一個星期六在世界各地組織集體徒步旅行。該組織的使命是鼓勵世界各地的婦女利用治愈和增強自身和戶外的影響力。）”可知，“WeHiketoHeal”是專門為女性設(shè)計的。故選A?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Registeronlinenowandtheresourcesontheirwebsiteallowyoutotrackyourjourneyasyoucompleteeachweeklyhikeandearncompletionbadgesasyougo.（現(xiàn)在在線注冊，他們網(wǎng)站上的資源允許你跟蹤你的旅程，當(dāng)你完成每周的徒步旅行，并在你走的時候獲得完成徽章。）”、第三段“Youcanjointhemovementforfreeinthelinkaboveandfindfreegrouphikesthatwillbehappeningallovertheworld.（你可以在上面的鏈接中免費加入運動，并找到將在全世界發(fā)生的免費團體遠足。）”、文章第四段“youattendaninformationalsession,registerandgetyourownonlinefund-raisingpageandraisemoneytosupportyourtrekforchildren'scancerresearch.（你參加一個信息會議，注冊并得到你自己的在線籌款頁面，為你的兒童癌癥研究之旅籌集資金。）”以及文章最后一段“jointheFacebookgroup（加入Facebook群組）”可知，，所有挑戰(zhàn)的共同點是都與網(wǎng)絡(luò)有關(guān)。故選C。【23題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thegoalofthe52HikeChallengeistogetyououtsidemovingeveryweekforanentireyear.（52徒步旅行挑戰(zhàn)的目標(biāo)是讓你在整整一年的時間里每周都在戶外活動。）”以及第五段“Thegoalistogetoutsideeverydayandwalkamile.（目標(biāo)是每天出去走一英里。）”可知，這兩項挑戰(zhàn)需要參與者進行規(guī)律性的運動。故選D。B篇：

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要介紹的是科學(xué)家CarlWilhelmScheele的生平和主要成就。【24題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Bornin1742inpresent-dayGermany,Scheelelearnedaboutchemicalsfromhisparentsstartingatayoungage.(舍勒于1742年出生在現(xiàn)在的德國，很小的時候就從父母那里學(xué)會了化學(xué)。)”可知，第一個教Scheele化學(xué)的是他的父母。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“In1767,hemovedtoStockholm,wherehediscoveredtartaricacid.(1767年，他移居斯德哥爾摩，在那里他發(fā)現(xiàn)了酒石酸。)”和第三段“AfterthreeyearsinStockholm,hebecamethedirectoroftheLockeLaboratory.Itwasthere,whilehewasanalyzingastrangereaction,thatScheelebecamethefirstpersontoidentifyoxygen.(在斯德哥爾摩呆了三年之后，他成為了洛克實驗室的主任。正是在那里，當(dāng)他在分析一個奇怪的反應(yīng)時，Scheele成為第一個發(fā)現(xiàn)氧氣的人。)”可推知，Scheele可能是1770年發(fā)現(xiàn)氧氣的，故選C?！?6題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Scheelebecamethefirstpersontoidentifyoxygen.(Scheele成為第一個發(fā)現(xiàn)氧氣的人。)”和第四段該詞后的“Scheelebelievedoxygentobethissubstance(Scheele認(rèn)為氧是這種物質(zhì))”可知該詞指代“氧氣”。故選A。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Throughhiswork,hethusexposedhimselftomanyharmfulmaterials.ThesechemicalshadadeadlyeffectonScheele,andheeventuallydiedofkidneyfailurein1786.(通過他的工作，他接觸到了許多有害物質(zhì)。這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)對舍勒產(chǎn)生了致命的影響，他最終于1786年死于腎衰竭。)”可知，Scheele實際上是由于他的危險工作而死的。故選B。C篇：【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了女子日間學(xué)校信托的主任HelenFraser指出體育可以幫助女孩應(yīng)對失敗，她通過提到那些著名女性來表明運動可以幫助女孩成功，鼓勵人們多為讓女孩做運動付出努力。【28題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Researchthatgirlsarefarlessactivethanboysisworrying,sheargues.(她認(rèn)為，關(guān)于女孩遠不如男孩活躍的研究令人擔(dān)憂)”以及倒數(shù)第二段中“Ms.FrasersaysOlympicmedallistslikeJessicaEnnisandKatherineGraingerareexcellentrolemodelsforyoungwomenbutsayswomen’ssportneedsmoremoneyandmorenewsreports.(Fraser說，像JessicaEnnis和KatherineGrainger這樣的奧運獎牌獲得者是年輕女性的優(yōu)秀榜樣，但她說，女子體育需要更多資金和更多的新聞報道)”可知，C選項“應(yīng)該做更多的事情來讓女孩做運動”的觀點Fraser女士會認(rèn)同。故選C。【29題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Oneinfivegirlsdonoactivityatall,twicetheproportionofboys,theresearchsuggests.(研究表明，五分之一的女孩完全不運動，是男孩比例的兩倍)”可知，從不鍛煉的男孩的比例是1/10。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Ms.Frasersaysotherresearchsuggeststhatmorethan80%ofwomenbusinessleadersplayedsportswhilegrowingup.SheusestheexamplesofformerUSSecretaryofStateCondoleezzaRice,whooncewasaskaterandtennisplayer,andtheheadoftheInternationalMonetaryFund,ChristineLagarde,whowasintheFrenchnationalswimmingteam.Ms.FrasersaysOlympicmedallistslikeJessicaEnnisandKatherineGraingerareexcellentrolemodelsforyoungwomenbutsayswomen'ssportneedsmoremoneyandmorenewsreports.(Fraser女士說，其他研究表明，超過80%的女性商界領(lǐng)袖在成長過程中都參加過體育運動。她引用了美國前國務(wù)卿CondoleezzaRice和法國國家游泳隊成員、國際貨幣基金組織總裁ChristineLagarde的例子。Rice曾是一名滑冰運動員和網(wǎng)球運動員。Fraser說，像JessicaEnnis和KatherineGrainger這樣的奧運獎牌獲得者是年輕女性的優(yōu)秀榜樣，但她說，女子體育需要更多資金和更多的新聞報道)”可推知，F(xiàn)raser女士提到那些著名女性來表明運動可以幫助女孩成功。故選C。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Girlsshouldtakepartincompetitivesporttobuildconfidence,andtheleadersofagroupofgirls’schoolswillarguethisweek.HelenFraser,directoroftheGirls'DaySchoolTrust(GDST),willtellthegroupthatsportcanhelpgirlsdealwithfailure.(女孩們應(yīng)該參加競技體育來建立信心，一組女子學(xué)校的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將在本周進行辯論。女子日間學(xué)校信托的主任HelenFraser將告訴該組織，體育可以幫助女孩應(yīng)對失敗)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了女子日間學(xué)校信托的主任HelenFraser指出體育可以幫助女孩應(yīng)對失敗，她通過提到那些著名女性來表明運動可以幫助女孩成功，鼓勵人們多為讓女孩做運動付出努力?？赏浦?，這篇文章的目的是鼓勵更多的女孩做運動。故選D。D篇：【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹美國宇航局要做的一個新實驗。這個新實驗是為美國宇航局的載人航天計劃準(zhǔn)備的。你在與世隔絕的環(huán)境中還能保持健康嗎?美國宇航局正在尋找被關(guān)在俄羅斯實驗室8個月進行新實驗的人?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Currently,NASA'sArtemisprogramaimstolandhumansonthemoonforthefirsttimesinceNASA'sApollo17missionlandedin1972.(目前，美國宇航局的“阿爾忒彌斯”計劃的目標(biāo)是自1972年美國宇航局的“阿波羅17號”登月任務(wù)以來，首次將人類送上月球)”可知，這個新實驗是為美國宇航局的載人航天計劃準(zhǔn)備的。故選C?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thishabitatfacilitywasusedin2011fornotableseriesofRussianmock(模擬的)MarsmissionsknownasMars500.(這個棲息地設(shè)施在2011年被用于一系列著名的俄羅斯模擬火星任務(wù)，被稱為“火星500”)”可知，作者在文中提到“火星500”是為了解釋為什么會選擇這個設(shè)施。故選A?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第六段中的“BylivingandworkinginthisMars-likeenvironment,participantsinthisstudywillhelpNASAresearchersbetterunderstandthepsychologicalandphysiological(心理和生理的)effectsofisolation.(通過在這種類似火星的環(huán)境中生活和工作，這項研究的參與者將幫助NASA研究人員更好地理解隔離的心理和生理影響)”可知，第六段講的是實驗的目的。故選B。【35題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Doyoucontinuetobehealthyinsocialisolation?NASAislookingforpeopletospend8monthslockedinaRussianlabforanewexperiment.(你在與世隔絕的環(huán)境中還能保持健康嗎？美國宇航局正在尋找被關(guān)在俄羅斯實驗室8個月進行新實驗的人)”可知，這篇文章的最佳標(biāo)題是B項Loveisolation?NASAwantsyou!故選B。七選五：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了幾條關(guān)于如何提高睡眠質(zhì)量的建議。36.B空前講“我”需要多少睡眠呢？B項“這個答案并不是那么簡單”緊承上文，符合語境。故選B。37.G空前講保持（規(guī)律的）就寢時間；空后講你甚至可以寫日記記下這些睡眠時間和晚上醒來的頻率。G項“每天在同一時間上床睡覺和起床是很棒的”承上啟下，符合語境。故選G。38.E空前講在上床前盡早關(guān)閉電子設(shè)備；空后講尤其是如果你的目標(biāo)是早點入睡，在白天中盡可能早地將自己暴露在光線充足的自然光下，并且要減少睡覺前幾個小，這是很重要的39.A空后講最近的研究表明，集中注意力訓(xùn)練也可以幫助孩子們每晚多睡一個多小時。A項“嘗試集中注意力的技巧”引出下文，符合語境。故選A。40.D空前講健康的飲食和日常的鍛煉可以有助于晚上擁有更好的睡眠；空后講他說，鍛煉會減輕壓力。D項“你應(yīng)該在白天堅持鍛煉”承上啟下，符合語境。故選D。完形填空:【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者將自己的經(jīng)歷——車拋錨的事件，講述給學(xué)生們聽，學(xué)生們深受感動。作者旨在通過自己的故事告訴學(xué)生們：每天早上當(dāng)你起床時，要選擇快樂的對待每一天。【41題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我每周在拉斯維加斯大學(xué)上三次生物課。上周一在上課之初，我興致盎然地問學(xué)生們周末過得怎么樣。A.seriously嚴(yán)肅地；B.cheerfully興致盎然地；C.curiously好奇地；D.coldly冷漠地。根據(jù)后文的“ThenhewentontoaskmewhyI____43____tobesocheerful.”可知，作者是興致盎然地向同學(xué)們詢問。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他把智齒拔掉了。A.cut切割；B.break打破；C.lose丟失；D.remove移走，移除。根據(jù)前文“Oneyoungmansaidthathisweekendhadnotbeensogood.”（一個年輕人說他的周末過得不太好。）以及teeth可知，這個年輕學(xué)生去拔了智齒。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然后他又問我為什么總是這么高興。A.never從未；B.seldom幾乎不；C.always一直；D.hardly幾乎不。根據(jù)前文的“I____41____askedmystudentshowtheirweekendhadbeen.”可知，作者總是保持愉悅的狀態(tài)。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞