北京市房山區(qū)2024-2025學年高二上學期期末英語試題【含答案解析】

房山區(qū)2024-2025學年度第一學期學業(yè)水平調(diào)研（二）高二英語本試卷共10頁，滿分100分，考試時長90分鐘。考生務必將答案填涂或書寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Leapingonanarrowbalancebeam(平衡木)isnoteasy.ButLolaWalter,a13-year-oldgymnast,isanexpertatit.Toperfectherskills,Lola___1___forfourhoursaday,fivedaysaweek.AtthestatechampionshipsinMarch,shefinishedseventhout.of-16-girls.That’sespeciallyimpressive,sincesheislegallyblind,bornwitharareconditionthatcauseshereyestoshiftconstantly.Sheoftenseesdoubleandcan’ttellhowfarawaythingsare.Whenshewaslittle,hermom___2___thateventhoughshecouldn’tseewell,shewasfearless.Sohermomsignedherupforgymnasticswhenshewasthree.Shelovedthesportrightaway.Thoughlearninggymnasticshasbeenmore___3___forherthanforsomeofherteammates,shehasneverquit.Shedoesn’tlether___4___stopherfromdoinganythingthatshewantsto.Herbiggest___5___isthebalancebeam.Becauseshehasdoublevision,sheoftenseestwobeams.Shemustusehersenseoftouchtohelpherduringherroutine.“Youhaveto___6___yourmindthatit’lltakeyouwhereyouwanttogo;”saysLola.Thebeamisprobablythemostfearfulforanyonebecauseit’sfourincheswide.Atthestatecompetition,shegotan8.1outof10.Lolaneverthinksabout___7___.Sheispresentlyatlevel7whilethehighestislevel10ingymnastics.Her___8___istoreachlevel9.Shesaysshewantstobeagymnasticscoachtopassdownwhatshe’slearnedtootherkidswhenshegrowsup.Lolais___9___ofallherhardworkandsuccess.Shesaysit’shelpedherovercomeproblemsinherlifeoutsidegymnastics,too.Her_____10_____forothersis“justbelieveourself”.1.A.runs B.trains C.teaches D.dances2.A.imagined B.suspected C.noticed D.remembered3.A.boring B.difficult C.enjoyable D.satisfactory4.A.talent B.nature C.condition D.quality5.A.doubt B.advantage C.program D.challenge6.A.trust B.open C.express D.examine7.A.showingup B.givingoff C.showingoff D.givingup8.A.goal B.range C.view D.standard9.A.tired B.proud C.ashamed D.confident10.A.plan B.reward C.advice D.responsibility【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.C5.D6.A7.D8.A9.B10.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一位叫洛拉的13歲體操運動員，她天生患有視力障礙，但通過自己的努力克服困難，最終取得成功的故事?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：為了完善她的技能，洛拉每周訓練五天，每天訓練四個小時。A.runs跑步；B.trains訓練；C.teaches教；D.dances跳舞。根據(jù)前文“Toperfectherskills(為了完善她的技能)”可知，為了達到這個目的，洛拉每天“訓練”四個小時，一周五天。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當她還小的時候，她的媽媽注意到，盡管她看不清楚，但她無所畏懼。A.imagined想象；B.suspected懷疑；C.noticed注意；D.remembered記得。根據(jù)后文“eventhoughshecouldn’tseewell,shewasfearless(盡管她視力不好，但她很無畏)”可知，這是她媽媽“注意到”的事情。故選C項。【3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然學習體操對她來說比她的一些隊友更難，但她從未放棄。A.boring無聊的；B.difficult困難的；C.enjoyable享受的；D.satisfactory令人滿意的。根據(jù)前文“That’sespeciallyimpressive,sincesheislegallyblind,bornwitharareconditionthatcauseshereyestoshiftconstantly.”可知，她是法定盲人，天生有一種罕見的疾病導致她的眼睛不停地轉(zhuǎn)動，經(jīng)?？吹街赜扒覠o法判斷物體的距離。由此可知，學習體操對她來說比她的一些隊友更“困難”。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她不會讓自己的身體狀況阻止她做任何她想做的事。A.talent天資；B.nature自然；C.condition狀況；D.quality質(zhì)量。根據(jù)前文“eventhoughshecouldn’tseewell,shewasfearless(盡管她視力不好，但她很無畏)”可知，她視力不好，但是她不讓她的“狀況”阻止她做任何她想做的事情。故選C項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她最大的挑戰(zhàn)是平衡木。A.doubt懷疑；B.advantage優(yōu)點；C.program節(jié)目；D.challenge挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)后文“Becauseshehasdoublevision,sheoftenseestwobeams.Shemustusehersenseoftouchtohelpherduringherroutine.(因為她有重影，她經(jīng)?？吹絻筛胶饽尽Ｔ谒膭幼鬟^程中，她必須用她的觸覺來幫助她)”可知，平衡木對她來說是最大的“挑戰(zhàn)”。故選D項。【6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“你必須相信自己的想法，它會帶你去你想去的地方，”洛拉說。A.trust相信；B.open打開；C.express表達；D.examine檢查。根據(jù)句意以及下文“thatit’lltakeyouwhereyouwanttogo”可知，你必須相信你的頭腦會帶你去你想去的地方。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：洛拉從沒想過要放棄。A.showingup出現(xiàn)；B.givingoff發(fā)出；C.showingoff炫耀；D.givingup放棄。根據(jù)下文“Her___8___istoreachlevel9.”可知，她目標是達到9級，可知她從不考慮“放棄”。故選D項。【8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她的目標是升到9級。A.goal目標；B.range范圍；C.view觀點；D.standard標準。根據(jù)前文她目前7級，最10級，以及后文“toreachlevel9(達到9級)”可知，“達到9級”是她的“目標”。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：洛拉為自己的努力和成功感到自豪。A.tired疲勞的；B.proud自豪的；C.ashamed羞恥的；D.confident自信的。根據(jù)前文她克服困難取得成功，以及后文“Shesaysit’shelpedherovercomeproblemsinherlifeoutsidegymnastics,too.(她說這也幫助她克服了體操之外生活中的問題)”，可知，洛拉為她所有的努力和成功感到“驕傲”。故選B項?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她給別人的建議是“相信自己”。A.plan計劃；B.reward獎勵；C.advice建議；D.responsibility責任。根據(jù)后文“justbelieveinyourself(只要相信自己)”可知，這是她給別人的“建議”。故選C項。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。EteneshDirohadalmostcompletedtwothirdsofthe3000msteeplechase,whendisasterstruck.Shegottangledupwithsomeothercompetitors.Itmadeherfall.Herrightshoestartedtocomeoff.But____11____(try)topulltheshoebackoncostherprecioustime.Soshe____12____(throw)theshoeaway.Sherantherestoftherace____13____justoneshoeon.Itraisedabigcheerforher.Luckily,she____14____(give)achancetocompeteinthefinallater.Losingashoedidn’tkeepherfromtakingpart.Thisisthetruespiritofsport.【答案】11.trying12.threw13.with14.wasgiven【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了運動員EteneshDiro在3000米障礙賽中經(jīng)歷意外但仍堅持比賽的故事，體現(xiàn)了體育精神。【11題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：但是試圖把鞋子重新穿上浪費了她寶貴的時間?？瞻滋幵诰渥又凶髦髡Z，應使用動名詞，故填trying。12題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：因此她把鞋子扔掉了?？瞻滋幵诰渥又凶髦^語，因句子描述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，應使用一般過去時，故填threw?！?3題詳解】考查介詞。句意：她穿著一只鞋跑完了剩下的比賽。設空處與下文構(gòu)成with的復合結(jié)構(gòu)，描述一種伴隨狀態(tài)，故填with?！?4題詳解】考查被動語態(tài)。句意：幸運的是，她后來得到了參加決賽的機會。謂語動詞give與主語she之間是被動關系，要使用被動語態(tài)，因句子描述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，應使用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，又因主語she為單數(shù)，故填wasgiven。B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。Ecotourismisatypeoftourism____15____conservestheenvironment.It____16____(encourage)peopletoberesponsibletravellersandinvolveseducatingthemaboutthenaturalworld.For____17____(country)suchasCostaRica,KenyaandNepal,ecotourismisanimportantpartoftheeconomy.Someecotourismholidaysinvolvevoluntarywork,suchasplantingtreesorcountingendangeredanimals.【答案】15.that##which16.encourages17.countries【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了生態(tài)旅游是一種保護環(huán)境的旅游。它鼓勵人們成為負責任的旅行者，并教育他們了解自然世界?！?5題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：生態(tài)旅游是一種保護環(huán)境的旅游。分析句子可知，設空處引導定語從句，先行詞atypeoftourism，指物，在從句中作主語成分，所以為關系代詞that/which引導。故填that/which?！?6題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：它鼓勵人們成為負責任的旅行者，并教育他們了解自然世界。根據(jù)文章整體時態(tài)以及本句描述的客觀事實可知，句子時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，主語“It”是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以動詞“encourage”要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式encourages。故填encourages?！?7題詳解】考查名詞復數(shù)形式。句意：對于哥斯達黎加、肯尼亞和尼泊爾等國家來說，生態(tài)旅游是其經(jīng)濟的重要組成部分。根據(jù)后面列舉的“CostaRica,KenyaandNepal”可知，這里說的是多個國家，“country”是可數(shù)名詞，所以要用復數(shù)形式countries。故填countries。C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。Thefirstlandmarktocatch,myeyeisthesplendidQingshuiheBridge,theworld’slongestbridge____18____(build)overpermafrost.Look!AgroupofTibetanantelopesismovingunderthebridge,withsomestoppingtoeatgrassattheirleisure.Thirty-threepassageshavebeenconstructedundertherailwaytoallowtheanimals____19____(move)safelyandfreelyintheirnaturalhabitat.WildanimalssuchastheseTibetanantelopeshavenowbeenusingthesepassagesforyears.Theyseem____20____(total)unawarethatwearespeedingpastatover100kilometresanhour.【答案】18.built19.tomove20.totally【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。主要描述了在清水河大橋飛馳而過時看到的情景?！?8題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：首先映入眼簾的是壯麗的清水河大橋，它是世界上最長的建在永久凍土上的橋梁。分析句子可知，此處為非謂語動詞作后置定語修飾theworld’slongestbridge，theworld’slongestbridge和build為被動關系，所以為過去分詞形式。故填built?！?9題詳解】考查動詞不定式。句意：鐵路下面修建了33條通道，讓動物們在自然棲息地安全、自由地活動?！癮llowsb./sth.todosth.”是固定短語，意為“允許某人/某物做某事”，所以此處用動詞不定式tomove作賓語補足語。故填tomove?！?0題詳解】考查副詞。句意：他們似乎完全沒有意識到我們正以每小時100多公里的速度飛馳而過。此處修飾形容詞“unaware”，應該用副詞形式，total的副詞是totally，意為“完全地”，所以填totally，“totallyunaware”表示“完全沒有察覺到”。故填totally。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AAgooddoormatisamustallyearround.Ourbeautifullyhandmadedoormatsaremadefromtraditionalmaterials.Theyarehard-wearingandlong-lasting,protectyourfloorsfrombeingtrackedindirtanddust,andcleanshoesbrilliantly.Ourbeautifulmatsdecoratethedoorstepsofmanymuseums.Theyaremadeofhighqualitynaturalmaterialsandfitinperfectlywiththeirsurroundings,inawiderangeofthicknessestomakeamattoyourexactneeds.OurdoormatsarehandmadeinourUKworkshoptoensuretheirmaximumuse.Ourpersonalizeddoormatsmakebrillianthousewarmingorweddinggifts,andareperfectforwelcomingvisitorstoyourhomewithauniquemessage.Wearealsoabletoproducecomplexdesignlogosforbusinesses.Yourchosendesigniscutoutofthenaturalmaterialsandeachpartofthedesignisreplacedwithcoloredmaterial,sothedesigngoesallthewaytothebottomofthemat.Thisisamuchmorecomplexprocessthansimpleprinting,butmatsmadebythismethodlastmuchlonger.Withover30yearsofexperienceintheproductionofhandmadedoormats,ourworkshopisanexpertinitsfield.Ourworkersareskilledincreatinghandmademats,usingtechniquesthathavebeenhandeddownthroughthegenerations.Pleasecalltodiscussyourrequirementssothatwecanadviseonthemostappropriatesolutionforyourhome.Wearehappytogiveadvicewithnocharge.Nowwehaveaspecialofferforaweek,duringwhichyoucanenjoyahalfdiscountandafreedelivery.Calluson02088195869.21.Whatcanweknowaboutthedoormats?A.Theycanbeusedforalongtime. B.Theyaremadeofthelatestmaterials.C.TheyaremadebymachinesintheUK. D.Theycancleanupthedirtanddustthemselves.22.Accordingtothepassage,apersonalizeddoormat.A.isdesignedinamuseum B.canheatthehouseC.ishandeddowntothechildren D.canbeagreatweddingpresent23.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atravelguide. B.Abookreview.C.Afashionmagazine. D.Asciencereport.【答案】21.A22.D23.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇應用文。主要介紹了手工制作的門墊，包括其材質(zhì)、特點、用途（可作為禮物、用于商業(yè)等），還提到了制作工藝和優(yōu)惠活動等。21題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Theyarehard-wearingandlong-lasting,protectyourfloorsfrombeingtrackedindirtanddust,andcleanshoesbrilliantly.(它們耐磨且經(jīng)久耐用，可以保護你的地板不被泥土和灰塵所拖累，還能很好地清潔鞋子。)”可知，這些門墊耐磨且耐用，能長時間使用。故選A項?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Ourpersonalizeddoormatsmakebrillianthousewarmingorweddinggifts,andareperfectforwelcomingvisitorstoyourhomewithauniquemessage.(我們的個性化門墊是喬遷之喜或結(jié)婚禮物的絕佳選擇，也非常適合用獨特的信息歡迎來訪的客人。)”可知，個性化的門墊是很棒的喬遷禮物或結(jié)婚禮物。故選D項?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意可知，本文主要介紹了手工制作的門墊，包括其材質(zhì)、特點、用途（可作為禮物、用于商業(yè)等），還提到了制作工藝和優(yōu)惠活動等，整體是關于家居用品的介紹，由此可推知，這篇文章可能來自一本時尚雜志。故選C項。BAsachild,WangJunyanneverdreamedofbecomingafamouspersononTV.NowsheisthepresenterforUniverseTV’snewsprogrammes.Iaskedherhowshehadachievedsuccess,andshetoldmeherstory.“Itwasmymotherwhotaughtmetobecurious:Shehadagreatloveofeverythingintheuniverseandshetaughtmetobeinterestedinmankindandnature,”Junyantoldme.“Wewouldlookinoldneststofindbirds’feathersandwewouldeventurnoverstonestolookatthelittlecreaturesthere.Iloveddoingthat,”rememberedJunyan.Shesaid,“Mymotherwasastrongcharacter.Althoughtherewerelotsofdifficultiestoovercome,sheneverletherproblemsdefeather.SheworkedextremelyhardtosupportmethroughschoolandduringmytimeatFudanUniversity.Herattitudetowardslifewillneverstopinfluencingmythoughtsandactions.”Aftergraduatingfromuniversity,shebecameareporterforalocalnewspaper.Shesaidshechosetobeajournalistbecauseitisimportantthatpeoplegraspwhatisgoingonaroundthem.Iaskedheriftherewasanyspecialmomentthatmadeherrealisethisandsherepliedthatitwasaftershewasaskedtoinspectanillegalbusiness.Herreporthelpedthepeoplewhohadbeenaffectedanditalsohelpedthegovernmentinspectthecompanyandcatchtheguiltypeople.“ThatiswhenIrealisedtheimportanceofbeingajournalist,”saidJunyan.“Writingthatreportwasn’teasy,butIrealisedthatpeopleneededtoknowandsoIdidn’tgiveup,”Junyantoldme.IaskedJunyanwhatshelikedmostaboutherjobandshesaidthatalthoughtherewasn’tmuchgloryinareporter’sexistence,shefounditinterestingandchallenging.“Imeetalotofpeopleandgotomanydifferentplaces.I’mneverboredwiththisjob!”Sheaddedthatasareportersheneededmanydifferentskillsandwasconstantlychallengedtolearnnewthings.Finally,Iaskedherifaftermanyyearsshestillfeltcurious.Smilingbrightly,shetoldme,“NothingthatIlearnedfrommymotherhaseverleftme.TodaywhenI’mlookingforstories,IstillfeellikeI’mturningoverstonestoseewhatmightbehidingbeneath!”24.HowdidJunyan’smotherinfluenceher?A.Junyan’smotherworkedpart-timetosupporther.B.Junyan’s-mothertaughthernowtowriteagoodreport.C.Junyan’smotheraccompaniedhertostudyatuniversity.D.Junyan’smotherhelpedhertodevelopaninterestinhumansandnature.25.WhydidJunyanchoosetobeajournalist?A.TobecomeafamouspersononTV.B.Tolearnmanydifferentskillsandnewthings.C.Tomeetmorepeopleandgotomanydifferentplaces.D.Tomakepeopleawareofwhatisgoingonaroundthem.26.WhatdidJunyanthinkofinspectingtheillegalbusiness?A.Scarybutexciting. B.Difficultbutmeaningful.C.Simplebutinnovative. D.Dangerousbutwell-paid.27.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Curiositycanmakeadifferenceinaperson’slife. B.Acceptingwhatyouhavemakesyouhappy.C.Upsanddownscanmakeonestrong. D.Chancefavorsthepreparedmind.【答案】24.D25.D26.B27.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了主人公王君燕在媽媽的影響下培養(yǎng)了好奇心，這種好奇心促使她對周圍的事物感興趣，選擇成為記者，在工作中不斷探索和追求真相，好奇心對她的人生產(chǎn)生了重要影響。【24題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中““Itwasmymotherwhotaughtmetobecurious:Shehadagreatloveofeverythingintheuniverseandshetaughtmetobeinterestedinmankindandnature,”Junyantoldme.“Wewouldlookinoldneststofindbirds’feathersandwewouldeventurnoverstonestolookatthelittlecreaturesthere.Iloveddoingthat,”rememberedJunyan.(“是我的母親教會我要有好奇心：她對宇宙中的一切都有極大的熱愛，她教會我對人類和自然感興趣，”君燕告訴我?！拔覀儠诠爬系镍B巢里尋找鳥類的羽毛，我們甚至會翻開石頭來觀察那里的小生物。我喜歡這樣做，”君燕回憶道。)”可知，王君燕的媽媽教她對宇宙中的一切充滿熱愛，培養(yǎng)了她對人類和自然的興趣。故選D項?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Shesaidshechosetobeajournalistbecauseitisimportantthatpeoplegraspwhatisgoingonaroundthem.(她說，她選擇成為一名記者，因為人們了解周圍發(fā)生的事情是很重要的。)”可知，王君燕選擇成為一名記者是因為她認為讓人們了解周圍正在發(fā)生的事情很重要。故選D項?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Herreporthelpedthepeoplewhohadbeenaffectedanditalsohelpedthegovernmentinspectthecompanyandcatchtheguiltypeople.“IhatiswhenIrealisedtheimportanceofbeingajournalist,”saidJunyan.“Writingthatreportwasn’teasy,butIrealisedthatpeopleneededtoknowandsoIdidn’tgiveup,”Junyantoldme.(她的報告幫助了那些受到影響的人，也幫助了政府檢查公司，抓住了有罪的人?！澳菚r我才意識到作為一名記者的重要性，”君燕說?！皩懩欠輬蟾娌⒉蝗菀?，但我意識到人們需要知道，所以我沒有放棄，”君燕告訴我。)”可知，王君燕認為調(diào)查非法企業(yè)寫報告雖然不容易（困難），但幫助了受影響的人，也幫助政府檢查公司并抓住了有罪的人（有意義），B選項“Difficultbutmeaningful.”（困難但有意義）正確。故選B項?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意以及最后一段中“I’mneverboredwiththisjob!”Sheaddedthatasareportersheneededmanydifferentskillsandwasconstantlychallengedtolearnnewthings.Finally,Iaskedherifaftermanyyearsshestillfeltcurious.Smilingbrightly,shetoldme,“NothingthatIlearnedfrommymotherhaseverleftme.TodaywhenI’mlookingforstories,IstillfeellikeI’mturningoverstonestoseewhatmightbehidingbeneath!”(我對這份工作永遠不會感到厭倦！”她補充說，作為一名記者，她需要許多不同的技能，并不斷挑戰(zhàn)學習新事物。最后，我問她，多年以后，她是否仍然感到好奇。她燦爛地笑著對我說：“我從母親那里學到的東西從來沒有離開過我。今天，當我在尋找故事的時候，我仍然覺得自己是在翻石頭，看看下面可能藏著什么！”)”可知，文章主要講述了王君燕在媽媽的影響下培養(yǎng)了好奇心，這種好奇心促使她對周圍的事物感興趣，選擇成為記者，在工作中不斷探索和追求真相，好奇心對她的人生產(chǎn)生了重要影響。由此可推知，作者想告訴我們好奇心可以改變一個人的生活。故選A項。CHumanshavenames,ofcourse,anddogsandcatsmayreactwhentheirnamesarecalled.Someoceananimals,includingthedolphin,inventtheirownnameswhentheyareveryyoung.Andthebirdscalledparrotsmayalsousenames.Eachofthesenaminganimalsalsohavetheabilitytolearnandsayindividualnewsoundsthroughouttheirlives,asdoestheAfricanelephant,theresearchshows.Africanelephantsareamongthelargestanimalsthatliveonland.Theycalleachotherbyandanswertoindividualnames,anewstudyfinds.Suchcommunicationisrareintheanimalworld.Thenamesareonepartofthelowsounds,orrumbles,elephantsmake.Theycanhearthesesoundsoverlongdistanceswheretheyliveinthesavannah—largegrassyareasoflandmixedwithwoodlands.Scientistsbelievethatanimalswithcomplexsocialstructuresmaybemorelikelytouseindividualnames.StuartPimmofDukeUniversityisanecologistwhowasnotinvolvedwiththestudy.Hesaid:“Ifyou’relookingafteralargefamily,you’vegottobeabletosay,Hey,Virginia,getoverhere!”ThestudywasreleasedinthepublicationNatureEcologyandEvolution.Inthestudy,biologistsusedmachinelearningtofindtheuseofnamesinrecordingsofsavannaelephantsounds.ThesoundswererecordedatKenya’sSamburuNationalReserveandAmboseliNationalPark.Theresearchersfollowedtheelephantsastheytraveledtoobservewhichonecalledoutandwhichoneappearedtoanswer.Byexaminingonlytheaudiodata,thecomputermodelpredictedwhichelephantwasbeingcalled28percentofthetime,likelyduetotheinclusionofitsname.Whenfedmeaninglessdata,themodelonlycorrectlypredictedeightpercentofcalls.Researcherstestedtheirresultsbyplayingrecordingstoindividualelephants.Theelephantsreactedmoreenergetically,movingtheirearsandliftingtheirtrunks,torecordingsthatcontainedtheirnames.Sometimeselephantsdidnotreactinanywaytothesoundsofelephantnamesotherthantheirown.EcologistGeorgeWittemyer,whohelpedwritethestudy,said“Elephantsareincrediblysocial,alwaystalkingandtouchingeachother—thisnamingisprobablyoneofthethingsthatunderpinstheirabilitytocommunicatetoindividuals.”28.Theauthormentionsmanyan?malsinParagraph1to______.A.questiontheresult B.introducethetopicC.illustrateanargument D.presentanassumption29.Fromthepassage,wecanknowthat______.A.communicationbetweenanimalsisrareintheanimalworldB.Africanelephantscan’thearlowsoundsoverlongdistancesC.AfricanelephantsuseindividualnameswhencommunicatingD.animalswithsimplesocialstructurestendtouseindividualnames30.Whatdidtheresearchersdointhestudy?A.Theyusedthecomputermodeltoanalyzetheaudiodata.B.Theyfollowedtheelephantstorecordtheirdailyroutine.C.Theyusedmachinelearningtocommunicatewithelephants.D.Theytestedtheresultsbyplayingrecordingstoagroupofelephants.【答案】28.B29.C30.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了研究指出部分動物對名字有反應或會使用“名字”，且它們和非洲象都具備終生學習與發(fā)出新聲音的能力?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Humanshavenames,ofcourse,anddogsandcatsmayreactwhentheirnamesarecalled.Someoceananimals,includingthedolphin,inventtheirownnameswhentheyareveryyoung.Andthebirdscalledparrotsmayalsousenames.Eachofthesenaminganimalsalsohavetheabilitytolearnandsayindividualnewsoundsthroughouttheirlives,asdoestheAfricanelephant,theresearchshows.(當然，人是有名字的，狗和貓在被叫名字的時候也會有反應。一些海洋動物，包括海豚，在很小的時候就發(fā)明了自己的名字。被稱為鸚鵡的鳥也有自己的名字。研究表明，這些命名動物中的每一種都有能力在一生中學習和說出單獨的新聲音，就像非洲象一樣。)”可知，文章第一段提到人類有名字，狗和貓對它們的名字有反應，海豚、鸚鵡等動物也有類似“名字”的情況，還提到非洲象也有相關能力。而后面的段落主要圍繞非洲象使用個體名字進行交流展開詳細論述。所以第一段提到多種動物是為了引出關于動物使用個體名字這一話題。故選B項?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Africanelephantsareamongthelargestanimalsthatliveonland.Theycalleachotherbyandanswertoindividualnames,anewstudyfinds.(非洲象是陸地上最大的動物之一。一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們互相稱呼對方，并對對方的名字做出回應。這種交流在動物世界中是罕見的。)”可知，一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，非洲象在交流時會使用個體名字互相稱呼并回應。故選C項?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Inthestudy,biologistsusedmachinelearningtofindtheuseofnamesinrecordingsofsavannaelephantsounds.ThesoundswererecordedatKenya’sSamburuNationalReserveandAmboseliNationalPark.Theresearchersfollowedtheelephantsastheytraveledtoobservewhichonecalledoutandwhichoneappearedtoanswer.Byexaminingonlytheaudiodata,thecomputermodelpredictedwhichelephantwasbeingcalled28percentofthetime,likelyduetotheinclusionofitsname.Whenfedmeaninglessdata,themodelonlycorrectlypredictedeightpercentofcalls.(在這項研究中，生物學家使用機器學習來查找熱帶草原大象聲音錄音中名字的使用情況。這些聲音是在肯尼亞的桑布魯國家保護區(qū)和安博塞利國家公園錄制的。研究人員在大象行進時跟蹤它們，觀察哪只大象在喊，哪只大象似乎在回答。通過僅檢查音頻數(shù)據(jù)，計算機模型預測了28%的時間是哪頭大象被喊，可能是因為包含了它的名字。當輸入無意義的數(shù)據(jù)時，該模型只能正確預測8%的呼叫。)可知，研究人員使用機器學習在記錄的草原象聲音中尋找名字的使用情況，通過計算機模型分析音頻數(shù)據(jù)來預測被呼叫的大象。故選A項。DWhenitwasannouncedin2018thattheChineseAcademyofSciencesinShanghaihadcreatedtheworld’sfirstclonedmonkeys,ZhongzhongandHuahua,heateddiscussionsfollowedonline.Infact,cloninghasalwaysbeenwithus.Itisawayofmakinganexactcopyofanotheranimalorplant.Ithappensinplantswhengardenerstakecuttingsfromgrowingplantstomakenewones.Italsohappensinanimalswhenidenticaltwinsareproducedfromthesameegg.Thesearebothexamplesofnaturalclones.Cloninghastwomajoruses.First,gardenersuseittoproducelargequantitiesofplantsforsale.Second,itisvaluableforresearchonnewplantspeciesandformedicalresearchonanimals.Cloningplantsisfairlystraightforward,whilecloninganimalsismuchmorecomplicatedanddifficult.Overtheyears,manyscientistsfailedintheirattemptstocloneanimals,buttheirdeterminationandpatiencepaidoffin1996withabreakthrough—thecloningofDollythesheep.Withtheadvancesofscientificresearch,cloningwillhaveseveralmajoruses,inthefuture.Foronething,itcouldbeusedtobreedanimalspecieswhichareendangered,orevenbringbackspecieswhicharenowextinct.Foranother,itcouldbeusedtogrowhumanorgansortissueinanimals,whichcouldbeusedforhumanorgantransplantsormedicaltreatments.Finally,cloningcouldbeusedtobreedanimalsthatwillprovideuswithhigherqualitymeat,milk,oreggs.Whiletherearetechnicalissuesthatneedtobeworkedthroughtomakewidespreadcloningpossible,thebiggestconcernsaremoral.Forexample,ifscientistsbroughtanextinctanimalbackintoexistence,itwouldprobablyendupfivinginazoo.Thatisnotverygoodfortheanimal.Evenworsefortheanimalisusingitasasourceoforgantransplants—becauseitwillbeinjuredorevendie.Inaddition,manypeopleworrythateatinganimalproductsthatresultfromcloningmightbeharmfultoourhealthovertime.Thepossibilityofusingcloningtoproducehumanbeingsisanevenbiggerconcern.Whatwouldhappenifsuchknowledgeendedupinthewronghands?Whenitcomestocloning,wewonder,ultimately,whethercloningwillhelporharmtheworld.Nodoubt,wewillbetalkingaboutthisquestionforalongtimetocome.31.Whatcanwelearnaboutcloning?A.Clonedanimalsfirstappearedin2018.B.Clonedplantsaremainlyusedformedicalresearch.C.Cloningtechnologycanbeusedinthestudyofnewplantspecies.D.Cloningplantsismorecomplicatedanddifficultthancloninganimals.32.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3?A.Futureusesofcloning.B.Scientificresearchesofcloning.C.Theproductsprovidedbycloning.D.Themedicaltreatmentsbroughtaboutbycloning,33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“moral”inParagraph4referto?A.Physicalhealth. B.Technicaldevelopment.C.Principleandbelief. D.Knowledgeandexperience.34.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardscloning?A.Supportive. B.Objective. C.Disapproving. D.Unconcerned.【答案】31.C32.A33.C34.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了克隆的主要用途和存在的問題?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Second,itisvaluableforresearchonnewplantspeciesandformedicalresearchonanimals.(其次，它對植物新物種的研究和動物醫(yī)學研究都很有價值。)”可知，克隆技術對新植物物種的研究和動物的醫(yī)學研究有價值，也就是克隆技術可用于新植物物種的研究。故選C項?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Withtheadvancesofscientificresearch,cloningwillhaveseveralmajoruses,inthefuture.Foronething,itcouldbeusedtobreedanimalspecieswhichareendangered,orevenbringbackspecieswhicharenowextinct.Foranother,itcouldbeusedtogrowhumanorgansortissueinanimals,whichcouldbeusedforhumanorgantransplantsormedicaltreatments.Finally,cloningcouldbeusedtobreedanimalsthatwillprovideuswithhigherqualitymeat,milk,oreggs.(隨著科學研究的進步，克隆將有幾個主要用途，在未來。一方面，它可以用來繁殖瀕臨滅絕的動物物種，甚至可以復活現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)滅絕的物種。另一方面，它可以用來在動物身上培養(yǎng)人體器官或組織，這可以用于人體器官移植或醫(yī)學治療。最后，克隆可以用來繁殖動物，為我們提供更高質(zhì)量的肉、奶或蛋。)”可知，主要講述了隨著科學研究的進步，克隆在未來的幾種主要用途，如繁殖瀕危動物、培育人體器官用于移植、繁殖提供更高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品的動物等，所以第三段的主要內(nèi)容是克隆的未來用途。故選A項?！?3題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中“Forexample,ifscientistsbroughtanextinctanimalbackintoexistence,itwouldprobablyendupfivinginazoo.Thatisnotverygoodfortheanimal.Evenworsefortheanimalisusingitasasourceoforgantransplants—becauseitwillbeinjuredorevendie.Inaddition,manypeopleworrythateatinganimalproductsthatresultfromcloningmightbeharmfultoourhealthovertime.Thepossibilityofusingcloningtoproducehumanbeingsisanevenbiggerconcern.Whatwouldhappenifsuchknowledgeendedupinthewronghands?(例如，如果科學家讓一種滅絕的動物復活，它可能最終會生活在動物園里。這對動物來說不是很好。對動物來說，更糟糕的是將其用作器官移植的來源，因為它會受傷甚至死亡。此外，許多人擔心，隨著時間的推移，吃克隆動物產(chǎn)品可能對我們的健康有害。利用克隆技術生產(chǎn)人類的可能性是一個更大的問題。如果這些知識落入壞人之手，會發(fā)生什么？)”可知，根據(jù)第四段所舉的例子，如克隆已滅絕的動物可能使其生活在動物園對動物不好，把動物作為器官移植的來源會傷害甚至殺死動物，很多人擔心食用克隆動物產(chǎn)品可能對健康有害，以及克隆人類的可能性會帶來的問題等，這些都是從道德、原則和信仰層面的擔憂，所以“moral”指的是“Principleandbelief”（原則和信仰），C選項正確。故選C項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意以及最后一段“Whenitcomestocloning,wewonder,ultimately,whethercloningwillhelporharmtheworld.Nodoubt,wewillbetalkingaboutthisquestionforalongtimetocome.(當談到克隆，我們想知道，最終，克隆是否會幫助或傷害世界。毫無疑問，我們將在今后很長一段時間內(nèi)討論這個問題。)”可知，文章既介紹了克隆的用途，如在植物繁殖、新物種研究、醫(yī)學研究、繁殖瀕危動物、培育人體器官等方面的作用，又闡述了克隆存在的問題，如道德方面的擔憂等，沒有偏向支持或反對克隆，所以作者對克隆的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選B項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Whetheryouwereoncemuchmorephysicallyactiveorhaveneverbeenaregularexerciser,nowisagreattimetostart.Keepingfitisimportantforeveryone.Thereareendlessformsofexercise.____35____Thedivisionisbasedonwhateachcallsuponyourbodytodo,andhowthemovementbenefitsyou.____36____Althoughmostaerobicexercisesrequireyoutomoveyourwholebody,themainfocusisonyourheartandlungs.Activitieslikewalking,sw?mm?ng,dancingandcycling,ifdoneatsufficientintensity,getyoutobreathefasterandyourhearttoworkbranderAerobicexercises-burnfatandlowerbloodsugar.Strengthtrainingshouldbeperformedtwoorthreetimesaweek.Somesuitableexercisesincludesquats,push-upsandexercisesperformedonresistancemachinesorusingweightsorbands.____37____Stretchingexerciseskeepyourmusclesandtendonsflexible,preserveyourposture,andimprovemobility.Stretchingcanbedoneeveryday.Balanceexercisescallonvarioussystemstohelpyoustayuprightandoriented,suchasvision,muscles,andjoints.____38____Somepeopl