第33講 任務(wù)型閱讀之閱讀填表【高效課堂精研】中考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)

01考情透視·目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航02知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖·思維引航03考點(diǎn)突破·考法探究目錄CONTENTS題型考查頻次命題預(yù)測閱讀填表10年10考

考情透視·目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航閱讀填表往往對答案的字?jǐn)?shù)有所限制，空格里通常要求填入1個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，當(dāng)然有時(shí)也會(huì)要求考生填入不超過3個(gè)或4個(gè)單詞，因此，同學(xué)們在答題時(shí)，不僅要讀懂文章，知道在哪里尋找答案，還要注意“言簡意賅、切中要害”，用規(guī)定的字?jǐn)?shù)答出所需要點(diǎn)，以確保答案在拼寫、人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)等方面“無懈可擊”。通常情況下有四種設(shè)題方式：標(biāo)題歸納題、細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題和同義轉(zhuǎn)換題等。Step5

注意形式的變化EStep2

抓住大意，把握細(xì)節(jié)BStep3

分類整理，善于歸納CStep4

尋找出處，對號(hào)入座DStep1先表后文，學(xué)會(huì)預(yù)測

A閱讀填表知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖·思維引航知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖·思維引航

命題方式1：標(biāo)題歸納題2：細(xì)節(jié)理解題

一般位于表格的上欄或左欄，考生可根據(jù)表格下欄或右欄的內(nèi)容及文

章段落中主題句和文章大意進(jìn)行分析，加以概括總結(jié)。

利用表格中所給的信息定位至原文，仔細(xì)辨別，尋找答案。對比表格內(nèi)容與原文內(nèi)容的差異，根據(jù)語境和邏輯推理得出答案。3：推理判斷題4：同義轉(zhuǎn)換題

對比表格內(nèi)容與原文內(nèi)容的差異，根據(jù)語法結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行詞形的轉(zhuǎn)換，

即：名詞?動(dòng)詞、名詞?形容詞、主動(dòng)?被動(dòng)、肯定?否定解題技巧：文章標(biāo)題的歸納，一要關(guān)注文章的核心及高頻詞匯，二要根據(jù)主題句提煉主題。1.閱讀文章時(shí)，要注意文中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或強(qiáng)調(diào)的信息，因而要在文中尋找覆蓋全文的核心詞匯或句子，或?qū)ふ遗c文章大部分內(nèi)容相關(guān)的信息。2.尋找文章的主題句是解答標(biāo)題歸納題的核心，主題句一般位于文章首末段或分散于各個(gè)段落中，需要考生加以總結(jié)提煉，得出答案。解題技巧：此類題目需要采用關(guān)鍵信息定位法，根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵信息定位到文章中的具體語句。解題技巧：此類題目要求考生對文中某一細(xì)節(jié)或?qū)懽饕鈭D給出合理判斷或推理，運(yùn)用邏輯推理能力得出蘊(yùn)含在文中沒有明確說出的事實(shí)或暗示的含義。解題技巧：根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵信息定位到文章中的具體語句，分析原文句子并結(jié)合題干句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定空格處在句中所承擔(dān)的句子成分，根據(jù)語法結(jié)構(gòu)和語義進(jìn)行適當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)換。知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖·思維引航預(yù)覽表格，明確框架分析表格結(jié)構(gòu)：快速瀏覽表格，觀察其行數(shù)、列數(shù)以及各行列的標(biāo)題。通過標(biāo)題了解表格所涵蓋的主題范疇與分類方式。如表格可能以“人物”“成就”為列標(biāo)題，表明需從文章中提取關(guān)于特定人物的相關(guān)信息，并按此分類填寫。預(yù)判信息類型：依據(jù)表格標(biāo)題，推測每個(gè)單元格可能需要填寫的內(nèi)容。如“事件發(fā)展”列，可能需填寫事件發(fā)生的先后階段或步驟；“優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)”列，應(yīng)分別找出事物對應(yīng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)信息。通讀全文，把握主旨確定文章主題：關(guān)注文章標(biāo)題、首尾段及各段落首句，快速明確文章核心主題。梳理文章脈絡(luò)：了解文章結(jié)構(gòu)，如總分總、總分、分總等。清晰的脈絡(luò)有助于定位信息。依據(jù)欄目，定位信息精準(zhǔn)匹配關(guān)鍵詞：根據(jù)表格各欄目的關(guān)鍵詞，在文章中尋找對應(yīng)表述。留意同義替換：文章表述可能與表格用詞不同，但意思相近。答題思維知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖·思維引航提煉歸納，規(guī)范填寫提取關(guān)鍵信息：從定位到的文本中選取關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容填寫，去除冗余信息。歸納概括信息：若文中信息分散或表述較繁雜，需進(jìn)行歸納。如文中提到線上課程的多種互動(dòng)方式，注意語法形式：填寫內(nèi)容要符合表格語法要求，如詞性、單復(fù)數(shù)等。若表格要求填寫名詞，動(dòng)詞需轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞形式；若前面是“a”，應(yīng)填可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。

復(fù)查核對，避免疏漏檢查信息準(zhǔn)確性：將填寫內(nèi)容與原文再次核對，確保信息無誤，無張冠李戴情況。查看格式一致性：檢查填寫格式是否統(tǒng)一，如所有首字母大小寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)使用是否規(guī)范。若表格其他標(biāo)題首字母大寫，所填內(nèi)容首字母也應(yīng)大寫?？键c(diǎn)突破·考法探究1.標(biāo)題歸納題一般位于表格的上欄或左欄，考生可根據(jù)表格下欄或右欄的內(nèi)容及文章段落中主題句和文章大意進(jìn)行分析，加以概括總結(jié)。解題技巧：文章標(biāo)題的歸納，一要關(guān)注文章的核心及高頻詞匯，二要根據(jù)主題句提煉主題。1.閱讀文章時(shí)，要注意文中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或強(qiáng)調(diào)的信息，因而要在文中尋找覆蓋全文的核心詞匯或句子，或?qū)ふ遗c文章大部分內(nèi)容相關(guān)的信息。2.尋找文章的主題句是解答標(biāo)題歸納題的核心，主題句一般位于文章首末段或分散于各個(gè)段落中，需要考生加以總結(jié)提煉，得出答案。探究一

閱讀填表題型命題方式2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題利用表格中所給的信息定位至原文，仔細(xì)辨別，尋找答案。解題技巧：此類題目需要采用關(guān)鍵信息定位法，根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵信息定位到文章中的具體語句。3.推理判斷題對比表格內(nèi)容與原文內(nèi)容的差異，根據(jù)語境和邏輯推理得出答案。解題技巧：此類題目要求考生對文中某一細(xì)節(jié)或?qū)懽饕鈭D給出合理判斷或推理，運(yùn)用邏輯推理能力得出蘊(yùn)含在文中沒有明確說出的事實(shí)或暗示的含義。4.同義轉(zhuǎn)換題對比表格內(nèi)容與原文內(nèi)容的差異，根據(jù)語法結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行詞形的轉(zhuǎn)換，即：名詞?動(dòng)詞、名詞?形容詞、主動(dòng)?被動(dòng)、肯定?否定解題技巧：根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵信息定位到文章中的具體語句，分析原文句子并結(jié)合題干句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定空格處在句中所承擔(dān)的句子成分，根據(jù)語法結(jié)構(gòu)和語義進(jìn)行適當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)換。探究一

閱讀填表題型命題方式探究二

提分要點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)突破·考法探究Step1Step2Step3Step4Step5先表后文,學(xué)會(huì)預(yù)測。先表后文”指先讀表格，了解表格的內(nèi)容和要求再根據(jù)表格的內(nèi)容和要求快速閱讀短文，這樣會(huì)使閱讀帶有較強(qiáng)的目的性和針對性。抓住大意，把握細(xì)節(jié)。弄懂大意，充分把握所讀材料的細(xì)節(jié)，尤其是與表格內(nèi)容直接相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)。分類整理，善于歸納。對所讀材料進(jìn)行整理、分類，過濾出自己所需要的有用信息。通常情況下，表格所涉及的內(nèi)容都具有一定的規(guī)律性，可能是同一個(gè)問題的幾個(gè)不同方面，也可能是幾個(gè)不同問題的同一方面，或是幾個(gè)不同問題的不同方面等。尋找出處，對號(hào)入座。每空的所填內(nèi)容一般可從給出的材料中找到出處或依據(jù)，在做題時(shí)要充分利用這一特點(diǎn)，將“空格”與“出處”對號(hào)入座，然后根據(jù)表格中已有信息的表現(xiàn)形式，準(zhǔn)確填出所缺內(nèi)容。注意形式的變化

。表格中所填詞的形式（大小寫、時(shí)態(tài)等）應(yīng)與表格中所提供的內(nèi)容一致。閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在下面的表格中填入與文章意思最符合的單詞，每空填一詞。Wheredoesyourfoodcomefrom?Howisitmade?Thesedays,manypeopleworryaboutfoodsafety.Butfoodsafetyisnotanewworry.In1906,UptonSinclairwroteTheJungle.ThebookisthestoryofapoorfamilyinChicago.Itisalsoaboutthedangerouswaysthatfoodwasprepared.PeopleweresoworriedthattheU.S.startedtestingfood.Thesedays,mostfoodintheworldissafe.Thereasonislawscontrolwherefoodcomesfrom.Theyalsocontrolhowfoodismanagedandprepared.Lawsareimportant.Butit’smoreimportanttomakesuretherulesarefollowed.Agoodfoodsafetysystemkeepspeoplesafe.Italsohelpsthemeathealthyfood.Labels(標(biāo)簽)onfoodgivepeopleimportantinformation.Thentheycanmakegoodchoicesabouttheirfood.Althoughfoodsafetysystemsusuallywork,therecanbeproblems.Sometimesmistakesaremade.Forexample,atruckmightcarryeggsandthenicecream.Theicecreamcouldmakepeoplesickwhenthetruckisn’tcleanedbeforecarryingit.Otherproblemsarenotmistakes.Sometimescompaniesbreakrulestomakemoremoney.Whenthishappens,peopledon’tknowiftheirfoodissafe.Asweallknow,foodiscloselyrelatedtooureverydaylife.Weshouldtakeactiontomakefoodsafer!實(shí)戰(zhàn)1Title:Food1

Introduction●Thesedays,lotsofpeopleare2aboutfoodsafety.Measures●Nowadaysmostfoodissafebecauseoflaws.●3therulesismoreimportantthanlaws.Problems●Therecanbeproblemsinfoodsafetysystems.●Whensomecompaniesbreakrulestomakemoremoney,peoplehavenoidea4theirfoodissafeornot.Hope●We’dbettertakeactionto5foodmuchsafersincefoodissoimportantinourlife.【答案】1．Safety2．worried3．Following4．whether5．make【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了食品安全一直是人們關(guān)注的問題，盡管現(xiàn)在有法律和系統(tǒng)保障，但仍需確保規(guī)則被嚴(yán)格遵守，以防止意外或故意違規(guī)帶來的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。1．根據(jù)“Thesedays,manypeopleworryaboutfoodsafety.”和“Asweallknow,foodiscloselyrelatedtooureverydaylife.Weshouldtakeactiontomakefoodsafer!”可知，本文是關(guān)于食品安全的；foodsafety“食品安全”，作標(biāo)題，單詞首字母大寫。故填Safety。2．根據(jù)“Thesedays,manypeopleworryaboutfoodsafety.”可知，如今，許多人擔(dān)心食品安全。worryabout“擔(dān)心”，與beworriedabout同義。故填worried。3．根據(jù)“Lawsareimportant.Butit’smoreimportanttomakesuretherulesarefollowed.”可知，遵守規(guī)則比法律更加重要，follow“遵守”，此處要用動(dòng)名詞作主語，即following，句首首字母大寫。故填Following。4．根據(jù)“Sometimescompaniesbreakrulestomakemoremoney.Whenthishappens,peopledon’tknowiftheirfoodissafe.”可知，有時(shí)公司打破規(guī)則是為了賺更多的錢。當(dāng)這種情況發(fā)生時(shí)，人們不知道他們的食物是否安全。whether“是否”，與if同義，與ornot連用。故填whether。5．根據(jù)“Weshouldtakeactiontomakefoodsafer!”可知，我們應(yīng)該采取行動(dòng)使食品更安全，make“使”，符合語境。故填make。SpringistheseasontoharvestWestLakeLongjingtea,whichisnowpickedbynotonlyhumanworkersbutalso“metalworkers”—tea-pickingrobots!Yet,therobot’spickingsystemneedsimprovingbeforeitcanbemorewidelyused.AccordingtoProfessorWuChuanyu,leaderoftheresearchteam,therobotcanonlytakeontheworkof1.5workersatpresent.Itwillneedtodotheworkof5workersifitisusedforalarge-scaleharvesting.Inaddition,therobotcannowonlybeusedonflatground,notonrough(崎嶇不平的)surfacessuchasmountains.Itmaytakefivemoreyearstorealizethesegoals,WutoldChinaNews.Teaplantingandprocessingarealsochangedtobecome“smarter”.Forexample,therearespeciallampsthatcanattractpests(害蟲)butwillnothurtother“friendly”insects.Thismachineworksfor24hours,usingcolorboardandlightstodrawpestsindayandnightandthenkillthemwithanelectricgrid(電網(wǎng)).AttheendofMarch,Hangzhouwelcomeditsbestperiodoflarge-scale(大規(guī)模)harvestingofWestLakeLongjingtea.Inoneteagarden,asmarttea-pickingrobotinventedbyZhejiangSci-techUniversityfirstappearedinpublicafterfiveyearsofresearchanddevelopment.Withapullandasuck(吸),theroboticarmseparatestheleavesfromthetreesandthenputsthemintoastorageboxquickly.“Therobotlearneditsskillsthroughaspeciallydesignedmodelthatoffersitalargeamountofinformationoftealeaves,”saidChenJianneng,oneoftheresearchers.Thisallowstherobottorecognizetealeavesbyitselfwithasuccessrateofover90percent,Chenadded.實(shí)戰(zhàn)2Intermsoftearoasting(炒制),althoughmachine-roastedteaisusedwidely,manytealoversarguethatthismethodwillmaketheteanothavethesametastewiththeteamadebyhand-roasting.ResearchersatZhejiangUniversityaretryingtofindoutthetinydifferencesbetweenthetwomethodstoimprovemachineperformance.They’reresearchingAItechnologiestohelpthemgainnecessaryinformationandmakeadjustments(調(diào)整)toroastingmethodsandtemperaturesintime.Thankstotheresearchers’hardworkfor6,asmalltea-pickingrobotmadeitsfirst7inpublictohelphumanworkersharvestWestLakeLongjingtea.Tea8Howdoestherobotpicktealeaves?●9morethanenoughinformationabouttealeaves.●Recognizetealeaves10anyhelpwithahighsuccessrate.●Separatetheleavesfromthetreesandputsthemintoastorageboxwithapullandasuck.Whatproblemsdoesthepickingsystemhave?Itmaytake11fiveyearstoimprovethepickingsystemoftherobotbeforeitcanbemorewidelyused.●Atpresent,therobotcanonlydotheworkof1.5workers.●Inaddition,therobotcan’tbeusedondifferentkindsof12.Teaplantingandprocessing●Themachine

13colorboardandlightstoattractpestsfor24hours,andthenkillsthemwithanelectricgrid.Tearoasting●Problem

Manytealoversthinkthemachine-roastedteawillhavea14tastefromhand-roastedtea.●Solution

Findoutthetinydifferencesbetweenthetwomethods.Gainnecessaryinformationandmakeadjustmentsintimewiththe15ofAItechnologies.【答案】6．development/research7．a(chǎn)ppearance8．picking9．Offer10．without11．a(chǎn)nother12．surfaces13．uses14．different15．help【導(dǎo)語】本文講述了新技術(shù)與茶葉的碰撞。6．根據(jù)“Inoneteagarden,…anddevelopment.”可知是由于研究人員5年的對采茶機(jī)器人的辛苦研究開發(fā)工作，development“研發(fā)”/research“研究”，故填development/research。7．根據(jù)“Inoneteagarden,…anddevelopment.”可知是智能采茶機(jī)器人經(jīng)過五年的研發(fā)首次公開亮相。makeitsfirstappearance“首次亮相”，故填appearance。8．根據(jù)“Howdoestherobotpicktealeaves?”以及“Whatproblemsdoesthepickingsystemhave?”可知此處講述的采茶相關(guān)信息，teapicking“采茶”，故填picking。9．根據(jù)“Therobotlearned…tealeaves”可知是指提供足夠多的關(guān)于茶葉的信息，結(jié)合“Recognize”、“Separate”可知此處也應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞原形。故填Offer。10．根據(jù)“Thisallowstherobottorecognizetealeavesbyitselfwithasuccessrate(成功率)ofover90percent”可知是不需要任何幫助，靠自己識(shí)別茶葉，故填without。11．根據(jù)“Itmaytakefivemoreyearstorealizethesegoals”可知實(shí)現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)可能還需五年時(shí)間，fivemoreyears=anotherfiveyears，故填another。12．根據(jù)“Inaddition,therobotcannowonlybeusedonflatground,notonroughsurfacessuchasmountains.”可知該機(jī)器人現(xiàn)在只能在平坦的地面上使用，不能在山脈等崎嶇不平的表面上使用。differentkindsof后接復(fù)數(shù)surfaces“表面”，故填surfaces。13．根據(jù)“Thismachineworksfor24hours,usingcolorboardandlightstodrawpestsindayandnightandthenkillthemwithanelectricgrid”可知這臺(tái)機(jī)器工作24小時(shí)，使用彩色板和燈日夜吸引害蟲，然后用電網(wǎng)殺死它們，時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)Themachine，動(dòng)詞use“使用”用三單形式。故填uses。14．根據(jù)“manytealoversarguethatthismethodwillmaketheteanothavethesametastewiththeteamadebyhand-roasting.”可知許多茶愛好者認(rèn)為機(jī)器烘焙的茶與手工烘焙的茶味道不同。different“不同的”，故填different。15．根據(jù)“They’reresearchingAItechnologiestohelpthemgainnecessaryinformationandmakeadjustments(調(diào)整)toroastingmethodsandtemperaturesintime.”可知他們是在人工智能技術(shù)的幫助下，獲得必要的信息，并及時(shí)調(diào)整烘烤方法和溫度，withthehelpof“在……的幫助下”，故填help。閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容填空。(每空不超過3個(gè)詞)Nowadays,todealwithclimatechange(氣候變化),onewaydiscussedwidelyiscarboncapture(碳捕獲).ItreferstothetechnologythatcancutdownCO2intheair.CarboncapturetechnologyisusedtocollectCO2thatisgivenoffbyfactories.Forexample,itcanbefittedtocoal-burningpowerstationsandfactoriestocapturetheCO2beforeitisgivenoff.ThecapturedCO2canthenbeliquefied(使液化)andstoredunderground.Besides,thetechnologycanalsobeusedtocollecttheCO2thathasalreadygoneintotheair.ThenhowcanwedealwiththeCO2wecapture?Properuseistrulyimportant.Itcannotonlyhelpcreatemarketsforthisnewtechnology,butalsomakeitcheaperforcompaniestouse.Atpresent,CO2isusedingreenhousestogrowvegetables.CO2canevenbeusedtomakeusefulproducts,suchasplastics,buildingmaterials,andpaints.Carboncaptureisconsideredtobealotofhelp.However,therearemanyproblemsontheway.There’s50billiontonsofCO2goingoutto

theairfromcarsandfactorieseveryyear.Butevenagreatnumberofcarboncapturemachinesnowcancaptureonlyafewtonsofit.ThethicknessofCO2intheopenairismuchlessthanthatinthepowerstationsorfactories,makingitmuchlessefficient(效率高的)tocaptureCO2.Becauseofthis,thecostofusingcarboncapturemachinescanbeveryhightoday.So,it’shardtomakearealdifferenceinfightingclimatechangenow.Butitwillbeimprovedquicklyandwillbecomecheaperandmoreefficient.實(shí)戰(zhàn)3CarboncaptureMainpartsDetailedinformationIntroductionCarboncapturereferstothetechnologythatcanbeusedtodealwith16bycuttingdownCO2intheair.WhatkindofCO2willbecaptured?TheCO2ofthecoal-burningpowerstationsandfactoriesbeforeitisgivenoff.TheCO2thathasbeen17.HowtodealwiththeCO2wecapture18cannotonlyhelpcreatemarketsforcarboncapture,butalsomakeCO2cheaperforcompaniestouse.Growvegetablesingreenhouses.

Makeusefulproducts.ProblemsCarboncapturemachinesnoware19tocaptureCO2.UsingcarboncapturemachinestodealwithCO2can20today.Itisbelievedthatthetechnologywillbecomecheaperandmoreefficient.【答案】16．climatechange17．intheair18．UsingCO2properly19．notefficientenough20．beveryexpensive【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了一種應(yīng)對氣候變化的技術(shù)——碳捕獲技術(shù)。16．根據(jù)“Nowadays,todealwithclimatechange(氣候變化),onewaydiscussedwidelyiscarboncapture(碳捕獲).”可知，碳捕獲技術(shù)是用來應(yīng)對氣候變化的。故填climatechange。17．根據(jù)“Besides,thetechnologycanalsobeusedtocollecttheCO2thathasalreadygoneintotheair.”可知，碳捕獲技術(shù)也可以用來收集已經(jīng)進(jìn)入空氣中的二氧化碳。故填intheair。18．根據(jù)“Properuseistrulyimportant.Itcannotonlyhelpcreatemarketsforthisnewtechnology,butalsomakeitcheaperforcompaniestouse.”可知，正確使用二氧化碳不僅可以幫助創(chuàng)造市場，還可以使其對公司來說更便宜?！皃roperuse”可轉(zhuǎn)換為useCO2properly，此處動(dòng)詞名詞using作主語，句首首字母大寫，故填UsingCO2properly。19．根據(jù)“ThethicknessofCO2intheopenairismuchlessthanthatinthepowerstationsorfactories,makingitmuchlessefficient(效率高的)tocaptureCO2.”可知，碳捕獲機(jī)器現(xiàn)在捕獲二氧化碳的效率較低。故填notefficientenough。20．根據(jù)文章中的“thecostofusingcarboncapturemachinescanbeveryhightoday”可知，使用碳捕獲機(jī)器的成本現(xiàn)在非常高。故填beveryexpensive。Thecoldisknockingatourdoors.Weagainfindourselvesdecidingwhattoweartoprotectusagainstthecold.Animalfurs?Ofcoursenot.Apopularchoiceinrecentyearsisthefleece(搖粒絨).Butwheredidthematerialcomefrom?Andhowdidittakeoverourwardrobes(衣櫥)?Infact,fleecewasn’tsoldtothepublicuntil1981.Beforefleece,therewaswool.PeoplewholivedaroundtheAlpineLakesinSwitzerlandusedwoolforclothingasfarbackasthe7thcenturyBC．Historiansbelievethatithasbeenkeepingourbodieswarmbeforerecordedhistory.Butwoolhassomedisadvantages.First,ittakesinwater.Andwhenitdoes,itsmellsfunny.It’salsoslowtodryanddifficulttoclean.Don’tevenmentionthatitmakesyoufeelitchy(癢的).Andpeoplebegantosearchforabettersubstitute.Theidealmaterialwouldhavenoneofthoseproblemsbutwouldstillbeabletokeepuswarm.Intheearlymaterialproducedbyfashionableasmoreclothingcompaniescreatedtheirownkinds.Itevenbecameapopularmaterialforpetclothing!Sally在科學(xué)課完成“沙子的威力”實(shí)驗(yàn)后，向全班同學(xué)介紹了實(shí)驗(yàn)過程，請根據(jù)她的匯報(bào)把表格中的缺失信息補(bǔ)充完整，完成實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告。每空限填一詞。Haveyoueverseenthesoldierspilesandbagsonthetrenches(戰(zhàn)壕)inbattles?ThisisbecauseThesandbagscanstopflyingbullets(子彈).Sowhyaretheselittlegrainsofsandsopowerful?

Nowlet’sdoanexperimenttofindoutthesecretbehindthesandbags.Beforedoingtheexperiment,Ipreparedthematerials,includingapapertube,twopiecesofwhitepaper,somedrysand,severalrubberbandsandathinstickabout30cmlong.Withallthesethingsprepared,theexperimentbegan.First,Icoveredoneendofthepapertubewithonepieceofpaperandtieditwitharubberband.Then,Ibrokethewhitepaperwithastick.Thepaperiseasytobreak.Afterthat,Iputanotherpieceofwhitepaperattheendofthetubeandfilled3/4ofthetubewithsand.NowI’mholdingthepapertubeinonehand,inserting(插)thestickintothetubewiththeotherhandandpressingthestickdown.Withsandinthetube,it’sveryhardtobreakthepaper.Doyouknowwhy?Itturnsoutthattheforceweuseonthestickisnotfullyappliedtothepaper.Becausetherearemanytinyspacesbetweenthesandinthepapertube,whenthestickispresseddown,thesandknocksandpressesagainsteachother,spreadingtheforceeverywhereinsidethepapertube.Asaresult,onlyasmallpartoftheforceonthewhitepaperisleft,anditisnotenoughtobreakthewhitepaper.That’swhyasandbagcanstopabullet.實(shí)戰(zhàn)4TitleSuperstrongsandAimTostudyifasandbagisstrongenoughtostopabullet.

21

apapertube,twopiecesofwhitepaper,somedrysand,severalrubberbandsandathinstickabout30cmlongProcedurea.22theendofthetubewithpaperandtieitwitharubberband.b.Breakthepaperwitha23.c.Putanotherpieceofpaperattheendofthetubeandfill24ofthetubewithsand.d.Insertthestickintothetubeandpressthestickdown.PrincipleThesand25theforceoutwardinalldirections.Thereisnotenoughforceleftonthepaper.【答案】21．Materials22．Cover23．stick24．3/425．spreads【導(dǎo)語】本文是Sally在科學(xué)課完成“沙子的威力”實(shí)驗(yàn)后，向全班同學(xué)介紹實(shí)驗(yàn)過程的內(nèi)容。21．根據(jù)“Ipreparedthematerials,includingapapertube,twopiecesofwhitepaper,somedrysand,severalrubberbandsandathinstickabout30cmlong.”可知，這些都是實(shí)驗(yàn)的材料，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)名詞materials，首字母需大寫。故填Materials。22．根據(jù)“Icoveredoneendofthepapertubewithonepieceofpaperandtieditwitharubberband”可知，用紙蓋住管子的末端，用橡皮筋扎好。cover“蓋住”，此處是祈使句，動(dòng)詞用原形。故填Cover。23．根據(jù)“Ibrokethewhitepaperwithastick”可知，用棍子把紙折斷。故填stick。24．根據(jù)“Afterthat,Iputanotherpieceofwhitepaperattheendofthetubeandfilled3/4ofthetubewithsand.”可知，在管子的末端再放一張紙，用沙子填滿管子的3/4。故填3/4。25．根據(jù)“thesandknocksandpressesagainsteachother,spreadingtheforceeverywhereinsidethepapertube.”可知，沙子將力向四面八方擴(kuò)散。spread“擴(kuò)散”，此處是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞用三單形式。故填spreads。Manypeopleoftenthinkstressisbadforhealth.Itraisestheriskofeverythingfromthemildfevertoseriousdiseases.Usually,weturnstressintotheenemy.However,astudyhasgivenusawholenewlookatit.Inthestudy,ifpeoplewithlotsofstressdon’tbelievestresscanbeharmfultothem,theywillhavethelowestriskofdying,includingpeoplewithalittlestress.Scienceshowswhenyouchangeyourmindaboutstress,youcanchangeyourbody’sresponse(反應(yīng))tostress.Howyouthinkandactcanchangeyourexperienceofstress.Whenyouconsideryourstressresponsehelpful,youcancreatecourage.Whenyouarestressedandchoosetocommunicatewithothers,youcancreateresilience.Youcangetawayfromthebadinfluencesofstressonyourhealthfromtimetotime.Themostamazingthingisthatstressmakesyousocial.Yourstressresponsewantstomakesureyounoticeothersintrouble.Youneedtosupportandcareabouteachother.Also,stressisnotuseless.Ithelpsreachyourheartsandmakesheartsbeatfast.Itcanbringyoustrengthandenergy.Ifyouthinkofstressinanewway,youwilltrustyourselftodealwithchallenges.Ofcourse,youdon’thavetofacethemonyourown.Howdoyoumakeachoicebetweenastressfullifeandwithoutstress?Stressliesinmanymeaningfulthings,sothebestansweristogoaftersomethingmeaningfulinyourlife.Thentrustyourselftodealwiththestressthatfollowsandmakefriendswithit.實(shí)戰(zhàn)5Howtochangestressintoyour26bStressisnotgoodforusandmakespeoplegetillmore28.Newstudyaboutstress●Ifpeoplewithstressbelievestressisofno29,theywillhavethelowestriskofdying.●Yourexperienceofstress30onhowyouthinkandactunderstress.●When31stressresponsehelpful,peoplewillhavemoreconfidence.●Thebadinfluencesofstressonyourhealthcanbe32attimes.●Stressmakesyousocial.Youandthepeoplearoundyouwillgiveeachothercareandsupportwhenit’s33.●Stressmakesyourheartbeatfastandletsyoufeelpowerfulandenergetic.●Thinkinginanewway,youdon’thavetofacechallenges34.ConclusionIt’s35goingaftersomemeaningfulthingsandconfidentlydealingwiththestress.【答案】26．friend/friends27．Common28．easily/often29．harm30．depends31．considering32．a(chǎn)way/gone33．necessary34．a(chǎn)lone35．worth【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了如何把壓力變成你的朋友，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，壓力有很多好處，它值得我們追尋一些有意義的事情且可以與壓力做好朋友。26．根據(jù)“Thentrustyourselftodealwiththestressthatfollowsandmakefriendswithit.”可知，文章主要通過一個(gè)新研究介紹了壓力帶來的好處，讓我們和壓力做朋友。故填friend(s)。27．根據(jù)“Manypeopleoftenthinkstressisbadforhealth.Itraisestheriskofeverythingfromthemildfevertoseriousdiseases.”可知，許多人經(jīng)常認(rèn)為壓力對健康有害，因此這是常見的一種想法，common意為“常見的”。故填Common。28．根據(jù)“Manypeopleoftenthinkstressisbadforhealth.Itraisestheriskofeverythingfromthemildfevertoseriousdiseases.”可知，許多人認(rèn)為壓力對我們沒有好處，會(huì)讓人更容易生病。often意為“經(jīng)?！保籩asily意為“更容易地”。故填easily/often。29．根據(jù)“Inthestudy,ifpeoplewithlotsofstressdon’tbelievestresscanbeharmfultothem,theywillhavethelowestriskofdying,includingpeoplewithalittlestress.”可知，如果有壓力的人認(rèn)為壓力無害，他們死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)將最低，harm意為“傷害”。故填harm。yourlife.Thentrustyourselftodealwiththestressthatfollowsandmakefriendswithit.”可知，追求一些有意義的事情并自信地應(yīng)對壓力是值得的。worth意為“值得的”，形容詞作表語。故填worth。30．根據(jù)“Scienceshowswhenyouchangeyourmindaboutstress,youcanchangeyourbody’sresponse(反應(yīng))tostress.Howyouthinkandactcanchangeyourexperienceofstress.”可知，你對壓力的體驗(yàn)取決于你在壓力下的思維和行為。dependon意為“取決于”，固定詞組，主語是Yourexperienceofstress，因此此處用動(dòng)詞單數(shù)。故填depends。31．根據(jù)“Whenyouconsideryourstressresponsehelpful,youcancreatecourage.”可知，當(dāng)認(rèn)為壓力反應(yīng)有幫助時(shí)，人們會(huì)更有信心。consider意為“認(rèn)為”，此處用動(dòng)名詞作主語。故填considering。32．根據(jù)“Youcangetawayfromthebadinfluencesofstressonyourhealthfromtimetotime.”可知，壓力對你健康的不良影響有時(shí)會(huì)消失。away“離開”，gone“走”。故填away/gone。33．根據(jù)“Themostamazingthingisthatstressmakesyousocial.Yourstressresponsewantstomakesureyounoticeothersintrouble.Youneedtosupportandcareabouteachother.”可知，壓力讓你變得社交化。你和你周圍的人會(huì)在必要的時(shí)候互相關(guān)心和支持。necessary意為“必要的”，形容詞作表語。故填necessary。34．根據(jù)“Ofcourse,youdon’thavetofacethemonyourown.”可知，以新的方式思考，你不必獨(dú)自面對挑戰(zhàn)。alone意為“獨(dú)自”，副詞。故填alone。35．根據(jù)“Stressliesinmanymeaningfulthings,sothebestansweristogoaftersomethingmeaningfulin1.GPShasbeenintheleadforquitealongtimeinthefieldofpositioningandnavigation.So,whenyouopenamaponyourphone,youmightsupposeit’sguidedbytheGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)withoutgivingitasecondthought.Butactually,nowadays,mostofsuchservicesinChinaareusingtheBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem(BDS).4.In2020,Beidoufinallycompleteditsglobalnetwork.BDSbecameanotherglobalnavigationsystemintheworldaftertheGPSofAmerica,GalileooftheEuropeanUnionand

GLONASSofRussia.2.ChinastartedbuildingupBDS30yearsago.Backin1978,AmericaalreadystartedprovidingnavigationserviceswithitsGPS.However,dependingonanavigationsystemdevelopedbyanothercountryisn’tsafe.Someimportantsecretinformationaboutourcountrymayfacetheriskofbeingshown.5.BDSisthefirstnavigationsystemtoprovideaglobalshortmessagecommunicationservice.Itmeansyoucantextothersinplaceswhereneitherthephonesignal(信號(hào))northeInternetisavailable.Forexample,inFebruary2023,ahikergotlostinheavysnowinInnerMongolia.HesentatextmessageusingtheBDSserviceonhisphoneandwassavedintime.3.In1994,Chinastarted