2021上海教師招聘考試中學(xué)英語模擬試題及答案三套

歷年考試真題——2025年整理歷年考試真題——2025年整理/歷年考試真題——2025年整理2021上海教師招聘考試中學(xué)英語模擬試題及答案三套2021上海教師招聘考試中學(xué)英語模擬試題及答案一教育學(xué)部分（50分）一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（在每小題的四個(gè)備選答案中，選出一個(gè)正確的答案，并將其代碼填入答題紙的相應(yīng)位置。每小題1分，共10分）1．提出“泛智”教育思想，探討“把一切事物教給一切人類的全部藝術(shù)”的教育家是A．培根B．夸美紐斯C．赫爾巴特D．贊可夫2．前蘇聯(lián)教育家蘇霍姆林斯基教育思想的核心內(nèi)容是A．全面和諧發(fā)展的教育理論B．認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)理論C．教學(xué)與發(fā)展理論D．教學(xué)過程優(yōu)化理論3．就兒童發(fā)展整體而言，生理的成熟先于心理的成熟，這體現(xiàn)了兒童身心發(fā)展的A．順序性B．階段性C．個(gè)別差異性D．不平衡性4．我國教育目的制定的指導(dǎo)思想和理論基礎(chǔ)是A．社會(huì)本位價(jià)值取向B．人本位價(jià)值取向C．馬克思主義關(guān)于人的全面發(fā)展學(xué)說D．政治本位價(jià)值取向5．在教學(xué)中，通過學(xué)生觀察所學(xué)事物或教師語言的形象描述，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生形成所學(xué)事物、過程的清晰表象，豐富他們的感性認(rèn)識(shí)，從而使他們能夠正確理解書本知識(shí)和發(fā)展認(rèn)知能力的教學(xué)原則是A．直觀性原則B．啟發(fā)性原則C．循序漸進(jìn)原則D．鞏固性原則6．把課程分為必修課程和選修課程的依據(jù)是A．課程內(nèi)容的組織方式B．課程制定者或管理層次C．課程設(shè)置的要求D．課程內(nèi)容所固有的屬性7．馬克思主義認(rèn)為培養(yǎng)全面發(fā)展的人的一方法是A．理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際B．做到因材施教C．實(shí)現(xiàn)教育機(jī)會(huì)均等D．教育與生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)相結(jié)合8．把兩個(gè)及兩個(gè)年級(jí)以上的兒童編在一個(gè)班級(jí)，直接教學(xué)與布置、完成作業(yè)輪流交替進(jìn)行，在一節(jié)課內(nèi)由一位教師對(duì)不同年級(jí)學(xué)生進(jìn)行教學(xué)的組織形式是A．分層教學(xué)B．合作教學(xué)C．小班教學(xué)D．復(fù)式教學(xué)9．以他人的高尚思想、模范行為和卓越成就來影響學(xué)生品德的方式稱為A．說服法B．榜樣法C．表揚(yáng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)與批評(píng)處分D．鍛煉法10．目前世界范圍內(nèi)，普遍和基本的教學(xué)組織形式是A．個(gè)別教學(xué)B．小組教學(xué)C．班級(jí)授課制D．復(fù)式教學(xué)二、多項(xiàng)選擇題（在每小題的五個(gè)備選答案中選出二至五個(gè)正確答案，并將正確答案的代碼填入答題紙的相應(yīng)位置。錯(cuò)選、多選、漏選均不得分。每小題2分，共12分）1．古代學(xué)校教育的特征主要表現(xiàn)為A．階級(jí)性B．道統(tǒng)性C．功用性D．專制性E．刻板性2．下列教育家中，屬于人本位教育目的價(jià)值取向的代表人物有A．凱興斯坦納B．盧梭C．康德D．小原國芳E．裴斯泰洛齊3．學(xué)校潛在課程主要是指A．教學(xué)過程中的思想品德教育內(nèi)容B．學(xué)生在人際交往中受到的影響C．校風(fēng)、班風(fēng)等制度化與非制度化的影響D．未來社會(huì)要求的新科技E．學(xué)校物質(zhì)文化對(duì)學(xué)生所構(gòu)成的各種影響4．中小學(xué)體育的主要任務(wù)有A．增強(qiáng)學(xué)生體質(zhì)，促進(jìn)其身體正常發(fā)育B．提高運(yùn)動(dòng)素養(yǎng)，傳授必要的知識(shí)技能C．參加各種體育競賽，選拔運(yùn)動(dòng)人才D．增強(qiáng)體育興趣，形成良好的精神品質(zhì)E．養(yǎng)成運(yùn)動(dòng)習(xí)慣，培養(yǎng)競技體育觀念和競爭意識(shí)5．建立良好班集體的策略主要有A．對(duì)學(xué)生實(shí)行專制管理B．樹立明確的共同目標(biāo)C．建設(shè)一支好的學(xué)生干部隊(duì)伍D．培養(yǎng)健康的集體輿論E．開展各種形式的活動(dòng)6．發(fā)展性評(píng)價(jià)應(yīng)遵循的基本原則有A．發(fā)展性原則B．激勵(lì)性原則C．合作性原則D．整體性原則E．多元化原則三、簡答題（每小題6分，共18分）1．現(xiàn)代教育制度發(fā)展的趨勢表現(xiàn)在哪幾個(gè)方面？2．簡述我國新一輪基礎(chǔ)教育課程評(píng)價(jià)改革的特點(diǎn)。3．什么是啟發(fā)性原則？貫徹該原則的基本要求是什么？四、論述題（10分）個(gè)體身心發(fā)展的規(guī)律有哪些？學(xué)校教育如何適應(yīng)這些規(guī)律，促進(jìn)個(gè)體身心全面和諧地發(fā)展？教育心理學(xué)部分（50分）一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（在每小題的四個(gè)備選答案中，選出一個(gè)正確的答案，并將其代碼填入答題紙的相應(yīng)位置。每小題1分，共10分）1．奧蘇伯爾認(rèn)為，學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的實(shí)質(zhì)是A．有意義接受學(xué)習(xí)B.有意義發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)C.發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)D.探究學(xué)習(xí)2．根據(jù)認(rèn)知心理學(xué)的研究，程序性知識(shí)的表征形式主要是A.命題B.命題網(wǎng)絡(luò)C.圖式D.產(chǎn)生式3．一般而言，把學(xué)習(xí)成敗歸因于以下哪一因素對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的激勵(lì)作用A.努力程度B.能力高低C.任務(wù)難度D.運(yùn)氣好壞4．學(xué)習(xí)者用來調(diào)節(jié)自己的注意、記憶、思維等過程的技能就是A．學(xué)習(xí)策略B．認(rèn)知策略C．學(xué)習(xí)方法D．元認(rèn)知5．品德形成的標(biāo)志是A．道德信念B．道德評(píng)價(jià)能力的形成C．價(jià)值內(nèi)化D．道德行為習(xí)慣的養(yǎng)成6．關(guān)注學(xué)習(xí)者如何應(yīng)用原有的認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)與信念來建構(gòu)新知識(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)習(xí)的主動(dòng)性、社會(huì)性與情境性的學(xué)習(xí)理論是A.認(rèn)知發(fā)現(xiàn)理論B.認(rèn)知同化理論C.認(rèn)知建構(gòu)理論D.頓悟?qū)W習(xí)理論7．在教學(xué)中不斷變換同類事物的非本質(zhì)屬性，以便突出本質(zhì)屬性的方法稱為A．變化B．改變C．變式D．突出8．品德心理結(jié)構(gòu)中具有動(dòng)力色彩的成份是A.道德認(rèn)識(shí)B.道德情感C.道德意志D.道德行為9．美國心理學(xué)家桑代克反對(duì)形式訓(xùn)練說，提出了遷移的A.相同要素說B.概括化理論C.關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)換說D.學(xué)習(xí)定勢說10．加工信息時(shí)主要依賴來自客觀環(huán)境的線索，對(duì)社會(huì)科學(xué)、兒童教育、社會(huì)工作、文秘公關(guān)等與人交往的職業(yè)感興趣的個(gè)體的認(rèn)知風(fēng)格屬于A．場獨(dú)立B．場依存C．沖動(dòng)型D．沉思型二、多項(xiàng)選擇題(在每小題的五個(gè)備選答案中選出二至五個(gè)正確答案，并將正確答案的代碼填入答題紙相應(yīng)的位置。錯(cuò)選、多選、漏選均不得分。每小題2分，共12分)1．教育心理學(xué)的研究對(duì)象是A．教的心理活動(dòng)B．學(xué)的心理活動(dòng)C．教與學(xué)的互動(dòng)機(jī)制D．學(xué)生的心理發(fā)展特點(diǎn)E.學(xué)校情景2．構(gòu)成動(dòng)機(jī)的主要成分是A．歸因B．成就動(dòng)機(jī)C．誘因D．需要E.評(píng)價(jià)3．學(xué)習(xí)的本質(zhì)屬性是A．變化是持久的B．變化既是外顯的行為也是內(nèi)部的心理結(jié)構(gòu)C．變化是經(jīng)驗(yàn)引起的而非生理成熟、藥物或疲勞D．學(xué)習(xí)是經(jīng)驗(yàn)的獲得過程E.具有先天遺傳性4．在操作技能形成的局部動(dòng)作階段，所需要的內(nèi)外部條件是A．示范B．講解C．反饋D．練習(xí)E．動(dòng)覺5．教師的威信表現(xiàn)為A.工作水平B.知識(shí)水平C.工作態(tài)度D.工作作風(fēng)E.教學(xué)能力6．學(xué)習(xí)策略包括A．認(rèn)知策略B．資源管理策略C．計(jì)劃策略D．元認(rèn)知策略E.內(nèi)化策略三、簡答題（每小題6分，共18分）1．簡述影響學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)形成的主要因素。2．學(xué)校心理輔導(dǎo)的原則有哪些？3．結(jié)合實(shí)例說明教育心理學(xué)的實(shí)踐作用。四、論述題（10分）結(jié)合實(shí)例說明學(xué)習(xí)遷移的種類。英語一部分（50分）PartI:Vocabularyandstructure(10%)1.OnedayI_____anewspaperarticleabouttheretirementofanEnglishprofessoratanearbystatecollege.A.cameacrossB.cameaboutC.cameafterD.camea2.Shewascomplainingthatthedoctorwas______toomuchforthetreatmenthewasgivingher.A.expendingB.offeringC.costingD.chargin3.Themanagerspokehighlyofsuch______asloyalty,courageandtruthfulnessshownbyhisemployees.A.virtuesB.featuresC.propertiesD.characteristics4.Sincethematterwasextremely_______,wedealtwithitimmediately.A.toughB.tenseC.urgentD.instant5.Youdon’thavetobeinsuchahurry.Iwouldratheryou________onbusinessfirst.A.wouldgoB.willgoC.wentD.havegone6.WhenItrytounderstand________thatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasonemightexpect,itseemstomethattherearetwocauses.A.whyitdoesB.whatitdoesC.whatitisD.whyitis7.Asearlyas1647Ohiomadeadecisionthatfree,tax-supportedschoolsmustbeestablishedineverytown_______50householdsormore.A.havingB.tohaveC.tohavehadD.havinghad8.Thenewcomersfounditimpossibleto_______themselvestotheclimatesufficientlytomakepermanenthomesinthenewcountry.A.suitB.adaptC.regulateD.coordinate9.LivinginthecentralAustraliandeserthasitsproblems,________obtainingwaterisnottheleast.A.forwhichB.towhichC.ofwhichD.inwhich10.I’msureheisuptothejob_______hewouldgivehismindtoit.A.ifonlyB.incaseC.untilD.unlessPartII:Cloze(10%)Inthewaitingroom,thepatients,menandwomen,oldandyoung,weresitting11___onthechairs,12__fortheirturns.Billy,aschoolboy,wassittingthere,too.Theyalllookedverysad13___Billy.He14___aninterestingstory,andtherewasasmileonhisface.Justthen,thedoctorcameintosayhewasreadyforthenextpatient.Billyjumpedupandranintothe15__room.“Goodmorning,Doctor!”“Goodmorning!What’syour16__,youngman?”askedthedoctor.BeforeBillycouldsayaword,thedoctormadehim17__downonabed.“Now,letmelistentoyourheart.”Billytriedtospeak,butthedoctortoldhim18anything.“I’lltakeyourtemperature.”Billytriedtositup,butthedoctorstoppedhim.“Nowopenyourmouth.Mm,good.”Afteramoment,thedoctorsaid,“Well,myboy,youhaven’tgotabadcold.It’snothing.Mm,infact,thereis19_withyou.”“Iknowthere20_,”saidtheboy.“Ijustcametogetsomemedicineformyfather.”11.A.quicklyB.quietlyC.luckilyD.noisily12.A.waitingB.waitedC.towaitD.wait13.A.withB.andC.exceptD.without14.A.sawB.wasseeingC.readD.wasreading15.A.patientsB.waitingC.sittingD.doctor’s16.A.storyB.troubleC.matterD.wrong17.A.tolieB.layC.lyingD.lie18.A.sayB.nottosayC.notsayD.tosay19.A.wrongnothingB.somethingwrongC.nothingwrongD.wrongsomething20.A.aren’tB.areC.isn’tD.isPartIII:ReadingComprehension(10%)PassageOneInonewayofthinking,failureisapartoflife.Inanotherway,failuremaybeawaytowardssuccess.The“spiderstory”oftentold,RobertBruce,leaderoftheScotsinthe13thcentury,washidinginacavefromtheEnglish.Hewatchedaspiderspinningaweb.Thespidertriedtoreachacrossaroughplaceintherock.Hetriedsixtimeswithoutsuccess.Ontheseventhtimehemadeitandwentontospinhisweb.BruceissaidtohavetakenheartandtohavegoneontodefeattheEnglish.Edison,theinventorofthelightbulb,madehundredsofmodelsthatfailedbeforehefoundtherightwaytomakeone.Sowhat?First,alwaysthinkaboutyourfailure.Whatcausedit?Wereconditionsright?Wereyouintopformyourself?Whatcanyouchangesothingswillgorightnexttime?Second,isthegoal(目標(biāo))you’retryingtoreachtherightone?Trytodosomethinkingaboutwhatyourrealgoalsmaybe.Thinkaboutthisquestion,“IfIdosucceedinthis,wherewillitgetme?”Thismayhelpyoupreventfailureinthingsyoushouldn’tbedoinganyway.Thethirdthingtobearinmindaboutfailureisthatit’sapartoflife.Learnto“l(fā)ivewithyourself”eventhoughyoumayhavefailed.Remember,“Youcan’twinatall.”21.Thispassagedealswithtwosidesoffailure.Inparagraph1,theauthortalksmainlyabout___________A.thevalueoffailureB.howpeoplewouldfailC.famousfailuresD.thecauseoffailure22.Theunderlinedphrase“madeit”means________.A.succeededB.failedC.gaveD.got23.ThelessonthespidertaughtRobertBruceseems_________.A.productiveB.straightforwardC.sorrowfulD.deep24.Theauthortellsyoutodoallthingsexcept________.A.tothinkaboutthecauseofyourfailureB.tocheckoutwhetheryourgoalsarerightforyouC.toconsiderfailureasapartoflifeD.tobearinmindthatyouwillneverfailinyourlife25.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.BruceandEdisonweresuccessfulexamples.B.Failuremayberegardedasawaytowardsuccess.C.EdisonlearnedalotfromthelessonthespidertaughtRobertBruce.D.nemayoftenraiseaquestionwhetherhisgoalsareworthattemptingPassageTwoWhiletheprivateschoolsmaybechargingtoomuch,someofthepublicsareriskingtheirfuturesbychargingtoolittle.Lowtuitionisfine,asthestateassignsenoughmoneytoeducation,ashasgenerallybeenthecaseinTexasandCalifornia.Butforyears,NewJersey’slegendaryresistancetotaxescondemnedRutgersUniversitytosecond-classstatus.“Ofwhatrealworthisalow-tuitionpolicy,”wroteRutgers’formerpresident,thelateEdwardBloustein,“Ifitdoomsstudentstoaneducationbelowthequalitytheywantandrequire?”NewYorkState’sstudentsmightaskthemselvesthesame.AseriesofprotestspressuredGovernorMariaCuomointocancelinga$200riseintuitionlastyear(priceshaven’tgoneupsince1983).Andwhat’stheresult?Greatly-reducedbudgets,shabbycampuses,courserestrictions,limitedlibraryhorsandvariousnewstudentfees.TheironyofNewYorkandotherstatesystemsisthatthepercentageofhigher-incomestudentstheyserveisincreasingataphenomenalrate,saysArthurHauptmanoftheAmericanCouncilonEducation.Giventhischangingpopulation,morestatesshouldstartplayingtheRobinHoodgameincreasingtheirstickerprice,discountingratestolow-incomestudentsandusingtherestofthemoneytoraisethequalityoftheirschools.Themiddle-classmeltandthebettermentofpublicuniversitiesarestillintheirveryearlieststages.Butthesetrendswillintensifyasthechildrenoftheburdenedboomersreachcollegeage.Fortheacademics,it’sawake-upcall.Inthenextcentury,they’llhavetobeaffordableandgood.26.Accordingtosomecritics,thelow-tuitionpolicyofpublicuniversitiesmightleadto____、、A.themiddle-classmeltB.acreditcrisisC.adeclineinthequalityofeducationD.theenrollmentofsecond-classstudents27.Publicuniversitiesreducethetuitionbecause____.A.theyyieldtothepressureofprotestersB.theygetcontributionsfromtherichC.theygetenoughmoneyfromthestateD.theytrytogivelower-incomestudentsanopportunity28.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____.A.privateuniversitieswilljoininthethricecompetitionB.publicuniversitieshavetowithdrawfromthepricecompetitionC.richstudentsfindwaysofpayinglessbytakingtheadvantageofthepolicyD.richstudentsshouldbeentitledtoequalopportunitiesaspoorstudents29.Inordertomaintaintheirhighqualityatthestonetimeofopeningthefloortolow-incomestudents,publicuniversitieshaveto______.A.enlisttheirstudentsforsomevoluntaryjobsB.exertlong-termefforttoimprovethemselvesC.countuponthefinancialsupportfromthegovernmentD.increasetheproportionofrichstudentsandchargemorefromthem30.Thispassageismainlyabout_____.A.theRobinHoodgameB.waysofpayinglessforcollegeeducationC.difficultsituationofpublicuniversitiesD.financialaidtolower—incomestudentsPartIV:Translation(20%)SectionA:TranslatethefollowingChineseintoEnglish(15%)31．我們得趕快，要不就會(huì)趕不上車了。32．這支鋼筆花了我不到兩美元。33．我每天需要20分鐘讀英語。34．他已經(jīng)夠上學(xué)的年齡了。35．中國決不會(huì)個(gè)使用核武器。SectionB:TranslatethefollowingEnglishintoChinese(5%)Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.Noonelookingbehindahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseenthewaysinwhichasingleinvention,thechipswouldtransformourworldthankstoitsapplicationsinpersonalcomputers,digitalcommunicationsandfactoryrobots.Tomorrow’sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensomestillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilarwaveofdramaticchanges.Butonethingiscertain:informationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmorevital,andthepeoplewhopossessit,whethertheyworkinmanufacturingorservices,willhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.Ifyoucastyourmindahead10years,informationserviceswillbepredominant.Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob.參考答案一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（每小題1分，共10分）1．B2．A3．D4．C5．A6．C7．D8．D9．B10．C二、多項(xiàng)選擇題（錯(cuò)選、多選、漏選均不得分。每小題2分，共12分）1．ABDE2．BCE3．BCE4．ABD5．BCDE6．ABCDE三、簡答題（每小題6分，共18分）1．現(xiàn)代教育制度發(fā)展的趨勢表現(xiàn)在哪幾個(gè)方面？（1）加強(qiáng)學(xué)前教育并重視與小學(xué)教育的銜接。（2）強(qiáng)化普及義務(wù)教育，延長義務(wù)教育年限。（3）普通教育與職業(yè)教育逐步相互滲透。（4）高等教育的類型日益多樣化。（5）學(xué)歷教育與非學(xué)歷教育的界限逐漸淡化。（6）教育制度有利于國際交流。2．簡述我國新一輪基礎(chǔ)教育課程評(píng)價(jià)改革的特點(diǎn)。（1）淡化甄別與選拔功能，注重學(xué)生的全面發(fā)展，實(shí)現(xiàn)課程功能的轉(zhuǎn)化。（2）突出學(xué)生的主體地位，倡導(dǎo)多主體參與評(píng)價(jià)。（3）強(qiáng)調(diào)評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與內(nèi)容的多元化，關(guān)注情感、態(tài)度、價(jià)值觀的評(píng)價(jià)。（4）強(qiáng)調(diào)質(zhì)性評(píng)價(jià)，采用多樣化的評(píng)價(jià)方法。（5）強(qiáng)調(diào)終結(jié)性評(píng)價(jià)與形成性評(píng)價(jià)相結(jié)合，實(shí)現(xiàn)評(píng)價(jià)重心的轉(zhuǎn)移。3．什么是啟發(fā)性原則？貫徹該原則的基本要求是什么？啟發(fā)性原則，是指在教學(xué)中教師要承認(rèn)學(xué)生是學(xué)習(xí)的主體，注意調(diào)動(dòng)他們的學(xué)習(xí)主動(dòng)性，引導(dǎo)他們獨(dú)立思考，積極探索，生動(dòng)活潑地學(xué)習(xí)，自覺地掌握科學(xué)知識(shí)和提高分析問題、解決問題的能力。貫徹該原則的基本要求有：（1）教師要掌握和運(yùn)用好“啟發(fā)”的條件和關(guān)鍵。（2）啟發(fā)學(xué)生獨(dú)立思考，發(fā)展學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力。（3）讓學(xué)生動(dòng)手，培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立解決問題的能力。（4）建立新型的尊師愛生的關(guān)系，發(fā)揚(yáng)教學(xué)民主。四、論述題（10分）個(gè)體身心發(fā)展的規(guī)律有哪些？學(xué)校教育如何適應(yīng)這些規(guī)律，促進(jìn)個(gè)體身心全面和諧地發(fā)展？（1）個(gè)體身心發(fā)展的順序性。個(gè)體的身心發(fā)展是一個(gè)由低級(jí)到高級(jí)、由簡單到復(fù)雜、由量變到質(zhì)變的連續(xù)不斷的發(fā)展過程。在這一發(fā)展過程中，其整個(gè)身心發(fā)展具有一定的順序性。這就要求教育工作要循序漸進(jìn)，一切知識(shí)技能的傳授、智力的發(fā)展、體質(zhì)的增強(qiáng)、思想品德的培養(yǎng)，都要遵循由具體到抽象、由淺入深、由簡到繁、由低到高的順序，既不能拔苗助長，也不要壓抑學(xué)生的發(fā)展。（2）個(gè)體身心發(fā)展的階段性。個(gè)體在不同的階段表現(xiàn)出身心發(fā)展的總體特征及主要矛盾，面臨著不同的發(fā)展任務(wù)，這就是身心發(fā)展的階段性。前后相鄰的階段進(jìn)行著有規(guī)律的更替，在前一個(gè)階段內(nèi)準(zhǔn)備了向后一個(gè)階段的過渡。每一發(fā)展階段，經(jīng)歷著一定的時(shí)間，在這一階段內(nèi)，其身心發(fā)展主要表現(xiàn)為數(shù)量的變化，經(jīng)過一個(gè)時(shí)期，這種發(fā)展就由量變到質(zhì)變，從而使其身心發(fā)展推進(jìn)到一個(gè)嶄新的階段。這就要求教育工作必須根據(jù)不同年齡階段的特點(diǎn)分階段地進(jìn)行，在教育教學(xué)的要求、內(nèi)容和方法上不能搞“一刀切”，也不能人為地將各個(gè)階段截然分開，要注意各階段的銜接和引渡工作。（3）個(gè)體身心發(fā)展的不平衡性。個(gè)體身心發(fā)展的進(jìn)程不總是以相等的速度直線發(fā)展的，而是時(shí)而猛長、時(shí)而緩慢，在發(fā)展過程中表現(xiàn)出一種不平衡性。因此，教育教學(xué)工作要抓住關(guān)鍵期，以求在短的時(shí)間內(nèi)取得的效果。（4）個(gè)體身心發(fā)展的互補(bǔ)性?；パa(bǔ)性反映個(gè)體身心發(fā)展各組成部分的相互關(guān)系。從生理方面來看，如果機(jī)體某一方面的機(jī)能受損甚至缺失以后，可以通過其他方面的超常發(fā)展得到部分補(bǔ)償。因此，教育者要能夠面向全體學(xué)生，特別是生理或心理機(jī)能發(fā)生障礙、學(xué)業(yè)成績落后的學(xué)生，幫助他們樹立起堅(jiān)定的信心。還要掌握科學(xué)的教育方法，特別是要善于發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的優(yōu)勢，做到揚(yáng)長避短。（5）個(gè)體身心發(fā)展的個(gè)別差異性。由于性別、遺傳素質(zhì)、環(huán)境、教育、主觀努力等方面的不同，導(dǎo)致個(gè)體之間必然會(huì)出現(xiàn)一定的差異性。在教育工作中，教育者不僅要認(rèn)識(shí)學(xué)生發(fā)展的共同特征，還應(yīng)充分重視每個(gè)學(xué)生的個(gè)別差異，做到因材施教，有的放矢。教育心理學(xué)部分（50分）一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（每小題1分，共10分）1．A2．D3．A4．D5．D6．C7．C8．B9．A10．A二、多項(xiàng)選擇題（每小題2分，共12分，錯(cuò)選、多選、漏選均不得分）1．ABC2．ABCD3．ABCD4．ACDE5．BCDE6．ABD三、簡答題（每小題6分，共18分）1.影響學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)形成的因素主要有內(nèi)部因素和外部因素：（1）內(nèi)部因素主要包括：學(xué)生的自身需要與目標(biāo)結(jié)構(gòu)；成熟與年齡特點(diǎn)；學(xué)生的性格特征和個(gè)別差異；學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)準(zhǔn)備；學(xué)生的焦慮程度等；（2）外部因素通過內(nèi)因而起作用。具體而言，外部因素主要包括：教師態(tài)度、課堂心理氣氛、環(huán)境因素等。2．學(xué)校心理輔導(dǎo)的原則有；（1）面向全體學(xué)生原則；（2）發(fā)展性原則；（3）尊重與理解學(xué)生原則；（4）尊重學(xué)生主體性原則；（5）因材施教原則；（6）整體性發(fā)展原則。3．教育心理學(xué)的實(shí)踐作用具體表現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：（1）幫助教師準(zhǔn)確地了解問題；（2）為實(shí)際教學(xué)提供科學(xué)的理論指導(dǎo)；（3）幫助教師預(yù)測并干預(yù)學(xué)生；（4）幫助教師結(jié)合實(shí)際教學(xué)進(jìn)行研究；四、論述題（10分）遷移是普遍的，遷移的表現(xiàn)形式是多種多樣的，根據(jù)不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以對(duì)遷移作多種分類。(1)正遷移與負(fù)遷移(2)水平遷移與垂直遷移(3)一般遷移與具體遷移(4)同化性遷移、順應(yīng)性遷移與重組性遷移(5)順向遷移與逆向遷移英語一部分（50分）PartI:VocabularyandStructure(10%)1.A2.D3.A4.C5.C6.C7.A8.B9.C10.APartII:Cloze(10%)11.B12.A13.C14.D15.D16.B17.D18.B19.C20.CPartIII:ReadingComprehension(10%)21.A22.A23.D24.D25.D26.C27.C28.B29.D30.DPartIV:Translation(20%)SectionA:TranslatethefollowingChineseintoEnglish(15%)31.Hurryup,orwewon’tcatchthebus.32.Ipaidlessthan2dollarsforthepen.Thepencostsmelessthan2dollars.Ispent2dollarsonthepen.33.IttakesmetwentyminutestoreadEnglish.IspendtwentyminutesreadingEnglish.34.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.35.AtnotimewillChinabethefirsttousenuclearweapon.SectionB:TranslatethefollowingEnglishintoChinese(5%)我們只有分析過去才能展望未來。過去沒有一個(gè)人往前想20年能夠預(yù)見到，由于在個(gè)人電腦、數(shù)碼通訊和工廠機(jī)器人中應(yīng)用芯片而使芯片這一項(xiàng)發(fā)明在許多方面改變了我們的世界。明天在生物工程、人工智能或甚至無法想象到的某項(xiàng)技術(shù)中所取得的成就會(huì)產(chǎn)生類似巨大變革的沖擊波。但是有一點(diǎn)可以肯定：信息和知識(shí)將變得更為重要。擁有信息和知識(shí)的人，不管他們?cè)谥圃鞓I(yè)工作還是在第三產(chǎn)業(yè)工作，將獨(dú)占鰲頭，創(chuàng)造財(cái)富。假如你展望十年以后，那時(shí)信息產(chǎn)業(yè)必將獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷，應(yīng)用信息處理問題將成為你辦事的方法。2021上海教師招聘考試中學(xué)英語模擬試題及答案二1．詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)／Vocabularyandstructure(15分)1.Japansaysitsprimeministerpromisedtoprovidetheworldwith"maximumtransparency"about__________accidentattheFukushimanuclearpowerplantduring__________telephonecall.A.the;aB.the;theC.an;theD.an;a2.ItisthoughtthatHenanShuanghuiIndustryGroupCo.,Ltd.__________takeresponsibilityforitsconsumers.A.canB.mayC.mustD.need3.ThecivilwarinLibyathat__________onMarch12__________foraweekuntilnow.A.brokeout;haslastedB.breakingout;waslastedC.wasbrokenout;haslastedD.brokeout;lasting4.Itwasnotuntilthesubprimeloancrisis(次貸危機(jī))hadcausedgreatdamagetotheAmericanfinancialsystem__________Americansrealizedtheseverity(嚴(yán)重性)ofthesituation.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when5.Inordertomakepeopleto__________moneytothesickbaby,hesuggestedthemotherkneeldowneveryfewmetersinthestreet.A.distributeB.provideC.affordD.donate6.AseriousforestfirebrokeoutinShandong,__________theauthorityhadtotakeimmediatestepstoprotecttheforestinTai'an.A.whyB.whichC.asD.forwhich7.--Nowadayschildrenhavetotakearts,musicandsportsclassesintheirfreetime__________busyschoolwork.--Nowondertheyhavemoreandmorepressure.A.ratherthanB.owingtoC.apartfromD.expectfor8.Thebiggestfullmoonof2011occurredonaSaturdaynight,__________Chineseobserverstogatheroutsidetorecordthesplendor.A.toleadB.ledC.leadingD.havingled9.Iheardthealarmringingallthemorning,__________somethingveryurgenthappened.A.ReallyB.ObviouslyC.EspeciallyD.Terribly10.Thefiguresarefurtherevidence__________childrenaremorelikelytobecomenear-sighted.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.whichⅡ．完形填空／Cloze(15分)閱讀下列短文，掌握其大意，然后從每小題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)A、B、C、D中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Puttingfeelingsintowordsmakessadnessandangerlessintense,theU.S.brainresearcherssaidonWednesday,inafindingthatexplainswhy16toatherapistoftenmakespeoplefeelbetter.Theysaidtalkingaboutnegativefeelingsactivatesapartofthebrain17forimpulsecon-trol."Thisregionofthebrainseemstobe18inputtingonthebrakes,"saidresearcherMathewLieberman.Heandcolleagues19thebrainsof30people--18womenand12menbetween18and36--whowereshownpicturesoffaces20strongemotions.Theywereaskedto21thefeelingsinwordslikesadorangry,ortochoosebetweentwogender-specificnames22"SallyorHarry"thatmatchedtheface.Whattheyfoundisthatwhenpeople23awordlike"angry"toanangry-lookingface,the24intheportionofthebrainthathandlesfear,panicandotherstrongemotionsdecreased."Thisseemstodampendowntheresponseinthesebasicemotional25inthebrain."Liebermansaidinatelephoneinterview.Whatlightsupinsteadisthepartofthebrainthatcontrolsimpulses."Thisistheonlyregionoftheentirebrainthatismoreactivewhenyouchooseanemotionalwordforthepicture26whenyouchooseanameforthepicture,"hesaid.Hesaidthesameregionofthebrainhasbeenfoundin27studiestoplayaroleinmotorcontrol."Ifyouaredrivingalongandyouseeayellowlight,youhavetoinhibitoneresponseinordertosteponthebrake,"hesaid."Thissameregionhelpstoinhibitemotionalresponsesaswell."Theresearchersdidnotfindsignificantdifferencesalonggenderlines,28Liebermansaidpriorstudieshadhintedatsome29inthebenefitsmenandwomenderivedfromtalkingabouttheirfeelings."Womenmaydomoreofthis30,butwhenmenareinstructedtodoit,theymaygetmorebenefitfromit,"hesaid.16.A.talkingB.resortingC.goingD.complaining17.A.suitableB.responsibleC.responsiveD.applicable18.A.involvedB.engagedC.encounteredD.evolved19.A.studiedB.investigatedC.examinedD.scanned20.A.showingB.havingC.expressingD.presenting21.A.describeB.generalizeC.categorizeD.change22.A.likeB.asC.byD.with23.A.talkedB.attachedC.pointedD.referred24.A.actionB.responseC.activityD.motion25.A.expressionsB.movementsC.responsesD.circuits26.A.asB.toC.thanD.comparing27.A.earlyB.originalC.priorD.senior28.A.andB.thereforeC.becauseD.but29.A.discoveriesB.differencesC.studiesD.similarities30.A.spontaneouslyB.reluctantlyC.unconsciouslyD.willinglyⅢ．閱讀理解JReadingcomprehension(40分)ADrunkendriving,sometimescalledAmerica'ssociallyacceptedformofmurder,hasbecomeanationalepidemic.EveryhourofeverydayaboutthreeAmericansonaveragearekilledbydrunkendrivers,addingupanincredible350,000overthepastdecade.Adrunkendriverisusuallydefinedasonewitha0.10bloodalcoholcontentorroughlythreebeers,glassesofwineorshotsofwhiskydrunkwithintwohours.Heavydrinkingusedtobeanac-ceptablepartoftheAmericanalcoholimageandjudgeswerelenientinmostcourts,butthedrunkenslaughterhasrecentlycausedsomanywell-publicizedtragedies,especiallyinvolvingyoungchildren,thatpublicopinionisnolongersotolerant.Twentystateshaveraisedthelegaldrinkingageto21,reversingatrendinthe1960'storeduceitto18.AfterNewJerseylowereditto18,thenumberofpeoplekilledby18-to-20-year-olddrivesmorethandoubled,sothestaterecentlyuppeditbackto21.Reformers,however,fearraisingthedrinkingagewillhavelittleeffectunlessaccompaniedbyeducationalprogramstohelpyoungpeopletodevelop"responsibleattitudes"aboutdrinkingandteachthemtoresistpeerpressuretodrink.Toughnewlawshaveledtoincreasedarrestsandinmanyareasalready,toamarkeddeclineinfatalities.Somestatesarealsopenalizingbarsforservingcustomerstoomanydrinks.Asthefatalitiescontinuetooccurdailyineverystate,someAmericansareevenbeginningtospeakwellofthe13years'nationalprohibitionofalcoholthatbeganin1919,whichPresidentHoovercalledthe"nobleexperiment".Theyforgetthatlegalprohibitiondidn'tstopdrinking,butencouragedpoliticalcorruptionandorganizedcrime.Aswiththeboomingdrugtradegenerally,thereisnoeasysolution.31.Whichofthefollowingsentencesbestconcludesthemainideaofthispassage?A.DrunkendrivinghascausednumerousfatalitiesintheUnitedStates.B.It'srecommendabletoprohibitalcoholdrinkingaroundtheUnitedStates.C.TheAmericansocietyistryinghardtopreventdrunkendriving.D.DrunkendrivinghasbecomeanationalepidemicintheUnitedState.32.Whichofthefollowingfourdriverscanbedefinedasanillegaldriver?A.Asixteen-year-oldboywhodrankaglassofwinethreehoursago.B.Anoldladywhotookfourshotsofwhiskyinyesterday'sparty.C.Apolicemanwholikesalcoholverymuch.D.Apregnantwomanwhodrankabeeranhourago.33.Inreformers'opinion,__________isthemosteffectivewaytostopyoungstersfromdrinkingalcohol.A.raisingthelegaldrinkingagefrom18to21B.forcingteenagerstoobeydisciplinesC.developingyoungpeople'ssenseofresponsibilityD.pressingteenagerstotakesoftdrinks34.Therulethatonlypeopleabove21yearsofagecandrink__________.A.isanewlawpromotedbythetwentystatesB.hadbeenonceadoptedbeforethe1960'sC.hasbeenenforcedsincetheprohibitionofalcoholD.willbecarriedoutalloverthecountry35.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardallthelawsagainstdrunkendriving?A.Optimistic.B.Pessimistic.C.Indifferent.D.Ironic.BTherehaveneverbeenmanyadventurers.Youcanreadstoriesaboutmencalledadventurers.Buttheywerereallybusinessmen.Therewassomethingtheywanted--alady,ormoney,oracoun-try,orhonor.Andsotheygotit.Butatrueadventurerisdifferent.Hestartswithoutanyspecialpurpose.Heisreadyforanythinghemaymeet.Therehavebeenmanyhalf-adventurers.Andtheyweregreatmen.Historyisrichwiththeirstories.Buteachofthemhadaspecialpurpose.Theywerenotfollowersoftrueadventure.InthebigcityofNewYork,RomanceandAdventurearealwayswaiting.Aswewalkalongthestreet,theyarewatchingus.Welookupsuddenlyandseeafaceinawindow.Thefaceseemstointerestusstrangely.Orinaquietstreet,wehearacryoffearandpaincomingfromahousewherenoonelives.Acartakesustoastrangedoor,insteadoftoourown.Thedooropensandweareaskedtoenter.Ateverycorner,eyeslooktowardus,orhandsareraised,orfingerspoint.Adventureisoffered.Butfewofusarereadytoaccept.Wearereadytodoonlythethingswedoeveryday.Wewishtodoonlythethingsthateveryoneelsedoes.Wemoveon;andsomedaywecometotheendofalongquietlife.Thenwebegintothink.Whenitistoolate,wearesorrythatwehaveneverknowntrueRomanceandAdventure.36.Intheauthor'sopinion,thereare__________trueadventurers.A.manyB.fewC.noD.afew37.Inwhatwaydoestheauthorsayatrueadventurerisdifferentfromabusinessman?A.Heisreadyforanythinghemaymeet.B.Heisnotinterestedinmoney.C.Heenjoysexcitementwhileabusinessmandoesnot.D.Atrueadventurerisromantic,whileabusinessmanisdull.38.Accordingtothepassage,acryoffearandpaincomingfromahousewherenoonelivesinaquietstreetmeans__________.A.anumberB.afightC.wealthD.adventure39.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatwhenmostpeoplemeetanofferofadventure,theywill__________.A.growangrybutcuriousB.accepttheofferC.growembarrassedandrejecttheofferD.befrightenedandcryforhelp40.Whendomostpeoplewishthattheyhadknownromanceandadventure?A.Whentheyareyoung.B.Whenitinvolvesabeautifulladyorahandsomeman.C.Whensomethingintereststhemstrangely.D.Whentheyreachtheendofalongquietlife.CItisgenerallyagreedthatthefirsttruecitiesappearedabout5,000yearsagointhefood-produ-cingcommunitiesoft