大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷22（共205題）

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)改革適用(閱讀)模擬試

卷22(共9套)

(共205題)

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)改革適用(閱讀)模擬試

卷第1套

一、仔細(xì)閱讀(本題共30題，每題1.0分，共30分。)

Millionsdieearlyfrumaiipulluliuneachycai.Airpullulioncuslbllicglobalcuoiiuiny

morethan$5trillionannuallyinwelfarecosts,withthemostserious[G1]

occurringinthedevelopingworld.Thefiguresincludeanumberofcosts

[G2]withairpollution.Lostincomealoneamountsto$225billionayear.

Thereportincludesbothindoorandoutdoorairpollution.Indoorpollution,which

includes[G3]likehomeheatingandcooking,hasremained[G4]

overthepastseveraldecadesdespiteadvancesinthearea.Levelsofoutdoor

pollutionhavegrownrapidlyalongwithrapidgrowthinindustryandtransportation.

DirectorofInstituteforHealthMetricsandEvaluationChrisMurray[G5]it

asannurgentcalltoaction."MOneoftheriskfactorsforprematuredeathsistheairwe

breathe,overwhichindividualshavelittle[G6]hesaid.Theeffectsofair

pollutionareworstinthedevelopingworld,whereinsomeplaceslost-laborincome

[G7]nearly1%ofGDP.Around9in10peopleinlow-andmiddle-income

countriesliveinplaceswherethey[G8]experiencedangerouslevelsof

outdoorairpollution.Buttheproblemisnotlimited[G91tothedeveloping

world.ThousandsdieprematurelyintheU.S.asaresu'tofrelatedillnesses.Inmany

Europeancountries,wherediesel(柴油)[GIO]havebecomemorecommon

inrecentyears,thatnumberreachestensofthousands.A)abilityI)exclusivelyB)

associatedJ)innovatedC)consciouslyK)regularlyD)constantL)relatesE)controlM)

sourcesF)damageN)undermineG)describedO)vehiclesH)equals

1、[Gl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格前為形容詞最高級(jí)themostserious,空格后為動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)

occurringinthedevelopingworld,空格所在句主干結(jié)構(gòu)完整，空格所在短語(yǔ)為with

引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)，因此空格處應(yīng)為名詞(n.)。由句意可知，空格處的名

詞應(yīng)與“傷害，破壞”表意相近。名詞中只有F)damage”損害，傷害”符合句意。故

本題選F。

2、[G2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格所在句主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)完整，空格前為名詞costs,空格后為介詞短

語(yǔ)withairpollution,因此空格處應(yīng)為動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式或現(xiàn)在分詞形式(v-ed/

v.-ing),彳吏wilhairpollution作后置定語(yǔ)修飾cosls。由句意可知，空格

處的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與“有關(guān)，關(guān)于''表意相近。動(dòng)詞中只有B)associated"聯(lián)系，聯(lián)想''符合

句意。故本題選Bo

3、(G31

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：M

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格所在句為which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，空格前為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞includes,

空格后為like引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)，表舉例，因此空格處應(yīng)為名詞(n.),作從句的賓

語(yǔ)。由句意可知，空格處的名詞應(yīng)與“原因，因素''表意相近。名詞中只有

M)sourccs”來源，出處；根源”符合句意。故本題選M。

4、[G4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格所在句的主語(yǔ)為Indoorpollution,空格前為謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)has

remained,空格后為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，因此空格處應(yīng)為形容詞(a.)，作句子的表語(yǔ)。由句

意可知，空格處的形容詞應(yīng)與“穩(wěn)定的，存在的”表意相近。形容詞中只有

D)constant”持續(xù)不斷的，一直存在的”符合句意。故本題選D。

5、[G5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格所在句的主語(yǔ)為ChrisMurray,賓語(yǔ)為it,因此空格處應(yīng)為謂語(yǔ)

動(dòng)詞，填動(dòng)詞的第三人琢單數(shù)形式(v.-s)或動(dòng)詞過去式(v.-ed)。由as和句意可知，

空格處的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與“描述，認(rèn)為，稱為”表意相近。動(dòng)詞中只有G)dcscribcd"描述，

把……稱為''符合句意。故本題選G。

6、[G6]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格位于which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，從句的主語(yǔ)為

individuals,謂語(yǔ)為have,空格前為形容詞little,空格后為逗號(hào)，因此空格處應(yīng)為

名詞(n.),作從句的賓語(yǔ)。由句意可知，空格處的名詞應(yīng)與“控制，管理”表意相

近。名詞中只有E)contro1"控制，掌管”符合句意。放本題選E。

7、[G7]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格位于where引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，從句的主語(yǔ)為lost-labor

income,賓語(yǔ)為nearly1%ofGDP,空格前為主語(yǔ)，空格后為副詞nearly,因比空

格處應(yīng)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，填動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式(v.-s)或動(dòng)詞過去式(v.-ed)。由句意

可知，空格處的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與“達(dá)到，相當(dāng)于“表意相近，動(dòng)詞中只有H)equals”與……

相等，等于“符合句意。故本題選H。

8、[G8]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:K

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格位于where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，從句的主語(yǔ)為they,謂語(yǔ)為

experience,賓語(yǔ)為dangerouslevelsof…pollution,因此空格處應(yīng)為副詞(ad.),修

飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞experience。由句意可知，空格處的副詞應(yīng)與“一般，通常''表意相近。

副詞中只有K)rcgularly”經(jīng)常，有規(guī)律地”符合句意。故本題選K。

9、[G9]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:空格所在句的主語(yǔ)為theproblem,謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)為isnotlimitedto,賓語(yǔ)

thedevelopingworld,因此空格處應(yīng)為副詞(ad.),修飾動(dòng)詞limited。由not

limitedto及下文的theU.S.和manyEuropeancountries可知，空格處的副詞或與

“僅僅，只有”表意相近°副詞中只有I)cxclusivcly“排他地，獨(dú)占地”符合句意。故

本題選I。

10、[G10]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：O

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格位于where引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，空格前為名詞diesel,

空格后為系表結(jié)構(gòu)havebecomemorecommon,因此diesel(柴油)應(yīng)為主

語(yǔ)，空格處應(yīng)填名詞(nJ。由句意可知，空格處的名詞應(yīng)與“車輛，汽車”表意相

近。名詞中只有O)vehicles"車輛，交通工具''符合句意。故本題選0。

AsTouristsCrowdOutLocals,VeniceFaces'Endangered'List[A]Onarecentfall

morning,alargecrowdblockedthestepsatoneofVenice'smaintouristsites,theRialto

Bridge.TheRialtoBridgeisoneofthefourbridgesspanningtheGrandCanal.Itisthe

oldestbridgeacrossthecanal,andwasthedividinglinebetweenthedistrictsofSan

MarcoandSanPolo.Butonthisday,therewasatwist:itwasfilledwithVenetians,not

tourists.|B]"Peoplearccheeringandholdingtheircartsintheair/'saysGiovanni

Giorgio,whohelpedorganizethemarchwithagrass-rootsorganizationcalled

Generazione*90.Thecartshereferstoaresmallshoppingcarts—thesymbolofatrue

Venetian."Itstartedasajoke,"hesayswithalaugh."Theideawastoputbladesonthe

wheels!Youknow?LikeBenHur.Preciselylikethat,youjustgoaroundandrunpeople

down."[C]Veniceisoneofthehottesttouristdestinationsintheworld.Butthat'sa

problem.Upto90,000touristscrowditsstreetsandcanalseveryday—faroutnumbering

the55,00()permanentresidents.Thetouristincreaseisonekeyreasonthecity's

populationisdownfrom175,000inthe1950s.TheoutnumberedVenetianshavebeen

steadilyfleeing.Andthosewhostickaroundaretiredoflivinginaplacewheretheycan't

evengettothemarketwi:houtswimmingthroughaseaofpicture-snappingtourists.

Imagine,navigatingthrough50,000peoplewhileonthewaytoschoolortowork.[D]

LauraChigi,agrandmotheratthemarch,saysthelocalandnationalgovernmentshave

failedtodoanythingaboutthecrowdsfbrdecades,becausethey'reonlyinterestedin

tourism-theprimaryindustryinVenice,worthmorethan$3billionin2015."Veniceis

acashcow,"shesays,"andeveryonewantsapiece.*1|E|JustbeyondSt.Mark'sSquare,a

cruiseshippasses,oneofhundredseveryyearthatappearovertheirmedieval（中世紀(jì)

的）surroundings.Theirmassivewakecreateswavesatthebottomofthesea,weakening

thefoundationsoftheccnturics-oldbuildingsthemselves."EverytimeIseeacruiseship,

Ifeelsad,"Chigisays."Youseethemuditdrags;thedestructionitleavesinitswake?

Thathurtstheancientwoodenpolesholdingupthecityunderwater.Onedaywe'llsee

Venicebreakdown.*'[F]Foratime,UNESCO,theculturalwingoftheUnitedNations,

seemedtoagree.Twoyearsago,itputItalyonnotice,sayingthegovernmentwasnot

protectingVenice.UNESCOconsiderstheentirecityaWorldHeritageSite,agreat

honorthatmeansVenice,attheculturallevel,belongstoalloftheworld'speople.In

2014,UNESCOgaveItalytwoyearstomanageVenice'sflourishingtourismorthecity

wouldbeplacedonanotherlist——WorldHeritageInDangerjoiningsuchsitesasAleppo

andPalmyra,destroyedbythewarinSyria.[G]Venice'sdeadlinepassedwithbarelya

murmur（陶“噥”hissummer,justasUNESCOwasmeetinginIstanbul.Onlyone

representative,JadTabetfromLebanon,triedtoraisetheissue."Forseveralyears,the

situationofheritageinVenicehasbeenworsening,andithasnowreachedadramatic

situation,"TabettoldUNESCO."Wehavetoactquickly,thereisnotamomentto

waste."[H]ButUNESCOdidn'tevenholdavote."It'sbeenpostponeduntil2017,Hsays

AnnaSomers,thefounderandCEOofTheArtNewspaperandtheformerheadof

VeniceinPeril,agroupdevotedtorestoringVenetianart.Shesaysthemainreasonthe

U.N.culturalorganizationdidn'tvotetodeclareVeniceaWorldHeritageSiteInDanger

isbecauseUNESCOhasbecome"intenselypoliticized.Therewouldhavebeensome

back-roomnegotiations."[I]ItalyboastsmoreUNESCOWorldHeritageSitesthanany

othercountryintheworld,grantingitconsiderablepov/erandinfluencewithinthe

organization.TheformerheadoftheUNESCOWorldHeritageCentre,whichoversees

heritagesites,isFrancescoBandarin,aVenetianwhonowservesasUNESCO'sassistant

director-generalforculture.|J|Earlierthisyear,ItalysignedanaccordwithUNESCOto

establishataskforceofpoliceartdetectivesandarchaeologists（考古學(xué)家）toprotect

culturalheritagefromnaturaldisastersandterrorgroups,suchasISIS.Theaccord

underlinedItaly'sglobalreputationasagoodstewardofartandculture.[K]Butadding

VenicetotheUNESCOendangeredlist—whichisdominatedbysitesindevelopingand

conflict-riddencountries—wouldbeaninternationalembarrassment,andcouldevenhurt

Italy'sprofitabletourismindustry.TheItalianCultureMinistrysaysitisunawareofany

governmenteffortstopressureUNESCO.Asfortheorganizationitself,itdeclineda

requestfbraninterview.[L]Thecity'scurrentmayor,LuigiBrugnaro,hasridiculed

UNESCOandtoldittominditsownbusiness,whilecontinuingtosupportthecruiseship

industry,whichemploys5,000Veniceresidents.[M]AsforVenetians,they'rebeyond

frustratedandhopingforasolutionsoon."Ifsanightmareforme.Somesituationsare

reallydifficultwithtouristsaround,"saysGiorgioashenavigatesaroundaswelling

crowdattheRialtoBridge."Therearejustsomanyofthem.Theyneverknowwhere

theyaregoing,anddonotwalkinanorderlymanner.Navigatingthestreetscanbe

exhausting.H[N]Thenithitshim:Thiscrowdisn'tmadeupoftourists.They're

Venetians.Giorgiosayshe'sneverexperiencedtheRialtoBridgethiswayinallhis22

years."Foronce,wearetheoneswhoareblockingthetraffic,"hesaysdelightedly."It

feelsunreal.Itfeelslikewe'resomeformofendangeredspecies.It'sjustnice.The

feelingisjustpure."But,heworries,iftourismisn'tmanagedandhisfellowlocals

continuetomovetothemainland,hisgenerationmightbethelastwhocancall

themselvesnativeVenetians.

11Thepassingcruiseshipswillunderminethefoundationsoftheancientbuildingsin

Venice.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：經(jīng)過的游輪會(huì)破壞威尼斯古老的建筑的根基。題干的關(guān)鍵詞The

passingcruiseships和willunderminethefoundationsoftheancientbuildings與原文E

段第——、二4iJ的acruiseshippasses及weakeningthefoundationsofthecenturies-old

buildingsthemselves相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)E段第一、二句的概括總結(jié)。故本題選E。

12、TheItaliangovernmenthasjustreachedanagreementwithUNESCOtotake

measurestoprotectitsculturalheritage.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：意大利政府剛剛與聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織達(dá)成協(xié)議，將采取措施保護(hù)其文

化遺產(chǎn)。題干的特殊關(guān)鍵詞TheItaliangovernment和UNESCO,以及其他關(guān)鍵詞

hasjustreachedallagreement和measurestoprotectitsculturalheritage與原文J段首

句的ItalysignedanaccordwithUNESCO及establishataskforce...toprotectcultural

heritage相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)J段第一句的同義替換。故本題選J。

13、TheheritagesituationinVenicehasbeendeterioratinginthepastfewyears.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G^

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：威尼斯的（文化）遺產(chǎn)狀況在過去幾年一直在惡化。題干的時(shí)間關(guān)鍵詞

inthepastfewyears,以及其他關(guān)鍵詞TheheritagesituationinVenice和hasbeen

deteriorating與原文G段第三句的Forseveralyears,thesituationofheritagein

Venice及hasbeenworsening相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)G段第三句的同義替換。故本題選

Go

14、ThedecreaseinthenumberofpermanentresidentsinVeniceismainlyduetothe

increaseoftourists.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)露析：威尼斯常住人口減少的主要原因是游客增加。題干的關(guān)鍵詞The

decreaseinthenumberofpermanentresidents和mainlyduetotheincreaseoftourists

與原文C段第四句的Thetouristincreaseisonekeyreason及thecity'spopulationis

downfrom175o000inthe1950s相對(duì)應(yīng)，題于是對(duì)C段第四句的同義替換。故木

題選C。

15、Iftourismgetsoutofcontrol,nativeVenetiansmaydesertthecityaltogetherone

day.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：N

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：如果旅游業(yè)失控，當(dāng)?shù)赝崴谷丝赡苡幸惶鞎?huì)徹底離開這座城市。題

干的關(guān)鍵詞Iftourismgetsoutofcontrol和nativeVenetiansmaydesertthecity

allogelher與原文N段最后一句的iftourismisn'tmanaged及hisfellowlocals

continuetomovetothemainland,hisgenerationmightbethelastwhocancall

themselvesnativeVenetians相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)N段最后一句的同義替換。故本題選

No

16>UNESCOurgedtheItaliangovernmenttoundertakeitsresponsibilitytoprotect

Venice.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織敦促意大利政府承擔(dān)起保護(hù)威尼斯的責(zé)任。題干的

特殊名詞關(guān)鍵詞UNESCO和theItaliangovernment,以及其他關(guān)鍵詞urged和

undertakeitsresponsibilitytoprotectVenice與原文F段最后一句的UNESCOgave

ItalytwoyearstomanageVenice'sflourishingtourism相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)F段最后一

句的同義替換。故本題選F。

17、TheparticipantsintheVenetianmarchusedshoppingcartstoshowtheywere100%

localresidents.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：威尼斯人游行的參與者使用購(gòu)物車表明他們是100%的當(dāng)?shù)鼐用?，題

干的關(guān)鍵詞usedshoppingcarls和toshowtheywere100%localresidents與原文B段

第——、二句的holdingtheircartsintheair及smallshoppingcarts——thesymbolofatrue

Venetian相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)B段第一、二句的概括總結(jié)。故本題選B。

18、IgnoringUNESCO'swarning,themayorofVenicemaintainshissupportofthe

city'stourismindustry.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：L

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：威尼斯市長(zhǎng)無視聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織的警告，繼續(xù)支持該市的旅游業(yè)。

題干的特殊關(guān)鍵詞IgnoringUNESCO、warning和themayorofVenice以及其他關(guān)

鍵詞maintainshissupportofthecity'stourismindusty與原文L段的Thecity's

currentmayor,hasridiculedUNESCO及continuingtosupportthecruiseshipindustry

相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)L段的同義替換。故本題選L。

19^OnewomansaysthatfordecadestheItaliangovernmentandlocalauthoritieshave

onlyfocusedontherevenuesfromtourism.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：一位女士說，幾十年來，意大利政府和地方當(dāng)局只關(guān)注旅游業(yè)帶來的

收入。題干的時(shí)間關(guān)鍵詞fordecades和人物關(guān)鍵詞Onewoman,以及其他關(guān)鍵詞

theIlaliangovernmentandlocalauthorities和haveonlyfocusedontherevenuesfrom

tourism與原文D段第一句的LauraChigi,agrandmother,thelocalandnational

governments,fordecades及onlyinterestedintourism—theprimaryindustryin

Venice.worthmorethan$3billionin2015相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)D段第一句的同義替

換。故本題選D。

20、UNESCOhasnotyetdecidedtoputVeniceonthelistofWorldHeritageSitesIn

Danger.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織尚未決定將威尼斯列入瀕危世界遺產(chǎn)名錄。題干的

特殊名詞關(guān)鍵詞UNESCO,以及其他關(guān)鍵詞hasnotyetdecided弄口loputVenice

onthelistofWorldHeritageSitesInDanger與原文H段的第一句的UNESCOdidn't

evenholdavote及最后一句的didn'tvotetodeclareVeniceaWorldHeritageSiteIn

Danger相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)H段內(nèi)容的概括總結(jié)。故本題選H。

ForestsincountlieslikeBrazilandtheCongogetalotofaitenlionfrom

environmentalists,anditiseasytoseewhy.SouthAmericaandsub-SaharanAfricaare

experiencingdeforestationonanenormousscale:everyyearalmost5millionhectares

arelost.ButforestsarealsochanginginrichWesterncountries.Theyaregrowinglarger,

bothinthesensethattheyoccupymorelandandthatthetreesinthemarebigger.What

isgoingon?ForestsarcspreadinginalmostallWesterncountries,withthefastestgrowth

inplacesthathistoricallyhadratherfewtrees.In199028%ofSpainwasforested;now

theproportionis37%.InbothGreeceandItaly,thegrowthwasfrom26%to32%over

thesameperiod.ForestsaregraduallytakingmorelandinAmericaandAustralia.

PerhapsmostastonishingisthetrendinIreland.Roughly1%ofthatcountrywasforested

whenitbecameindependentin1922.Nowforestscover11%oftheland,andthe

governmentwantstopushtheproportionto18%bythe2040s.Twothingsarcfertilising

thisgrowth.Thefirstistheabandonmentoffarmland,especiallyinhigh,dryplaces

wherenothinggrowsterriblywell.Whenfarmersgiveuptryingtoearnalivingfrom

farmingorherding,treessimplymovein.Thesecondisgovernmentpolicyandsubsidy.

Throughouthistory,governmentshaveprotectedandpromotedforestsfordiverse

reasons,rangingfromtheneedforwoodenwarshipstoadesiretopromotesuburban

house-building.Nowadaysforestsareincreasinglywelcomebecausetheysuckincarbon

pollutionfromtheair.Thejustificationschange;thedesireformoretreesremains

constant.ThegreeningoftheWestdoesnotdelighteveryone.Farmerscomplainthat

landisbeingtakenoutofusebygenerouslysubsidisedtreeplantations.PartsofSpain

andPortugalsufferfromterribleforestfires.Otherssimplydisliketheappearanceof

forestsplantedinneatrows.Theywillhavetogetusedtothetrees,however.Thegrowth

ofWesternforestsseemsalmostasunstoppableasdeforestationelsewhere.

21、Whatiscatchingenvironmentalists'attentionnowadays?

A^Richcountriesarestrippingpooronesoftheirresources.

B、Forestsarefastshrinkinginmanydevelopingcountries.

C、Forestsareeatingawaythefertilefarmlandworldv/ide.

D、Richcountriesaredoinglittletoaddressdeforestation.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B」

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。取據(jù)題下關(guān)鍵詞environmentalists'attention定位到第一段第

一句，該句指出ForestsincountrieslikeBrazilandtheCongogetalotofattention

fromenvironmentalists,anditiseasytoseewhy（巴西和剛果等國(guó)的森林受到環(huán)保人

士的高度關(guān)注，原因很容易理解），第二句提到SouthAmericaandsub-Saharan

Africaareexperiencingdeforestationonanenormousscale：everyyearalmost5million

hectaresarelost（南美洲和撒哈拉以南非洲地區(qū)正在經(jīng)歷大規(guī)模森林砍伐：每年有近

500萬公頃的森林遭到砍伐）。B項(xiàng)“很多發(fā)展中國(guó)家的森林面積在急劇減少”是對(duì)第

一段第二句的同義替換。故本題選B。

22、Whichcountrieshavethefastestforestgrowth?

A、Thosethathavenewlyachievedindependence.

B、Thosethathavethegreatestdemandfortimber.

C、Thosethatusedtohavethelowestforestcoverage.

D、Thosethatprovideenormousgovernmentsubsidies.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c-

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。限據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ihefaslesiforestgrowth定位到第二段第一

句，該句指出ForestsarespreadinginalmostallWesterncountries,withthefastest

growthinplacesthathistoricallyhadRatherfewtrees（幾乎所有西方國(guó)家的森林面積都

在擴(kuò)張，歷史上樹木稀少的地方增長(zhǎng)得最快）。C項(xiàng)“過去森林覆蓋面積最低的國(guó)

家”是對(duì)原文placesthathistoricallyhadratherfewtrees的同義替換。故本題選Co

23、Whathasencouragedforestgrowthhistorically?

A、Thegovernment'sadvocacy.

B、Theuseofwoodforfuel.

C、Thefavourableclimate.

D、Thegreenmovement.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。艱據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞historically可定位至第三段第五句，該句指

LBThroughouthistory,governmentshaveprotected...（縱觀歷史，各國(guó)政府會(huì)出于各

種原因去保護(hù)、改善森林環(huán)境，從需要建造木制戰(zhàn)艦到希望促進(jìn)郊區(qū)房屋建設(shè)），

該句是對(duì)第四句Thesecondisgovernmentpolicyandsubsidy（第二是政府政策和補(bǔ)

貼）的解釋說明。A項(xiàng)“政府的倡導(dǎo)”是對(duì)第三段第四句中g(shù)overnmentpolicyand

subsidy的同義替換c故本題選A?

24、Whataccountsforourincreasingdesireforforests?

A、Theiruniquescenicbeauty.

B、Theiruseasfruitplantations.

C、Theircapabilityofimprovingairquality.

D、Theirstablesupplyofbuildingmaterials.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C:

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。限據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞。urincreasingdesire可定位至第三段第六

句，該句指出Nowadaysforestsareincreasinglywelcomebecausetheysuckincarbon

pollutionfromtheair（如今，森林越來越受歡迎，因?yàn)樗鼈兾樟丝諝庵械奶嘉?/p>

染），C項(xiàng)“它們改善空氣質(zhì)量的能力”是對(duì)第三段第六句中theysuckincarbon

pollutionfromtheair的同義替換。故本題選Co

25、Whatdoestheauthorconcludeabouttheprospectsofforestation?

A、Desertsinsub-SaharanAfricawilldiminishgradually.

B、Itwillplayamoreandmoreimportantroleinpeople'slives.

C^Forestdestructioninihedevelopingworldwillquicklyslowdown.

D、Developedanddevelopingcountriesaremovinginoppositedirections.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。艱據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞prospectsofforestation可定位至第四段最后

一句，該句指出ThegrowthofWesternforestsseemsalmostasunstoppableas

deforestationelsewhere（西方國(guó)家森林面積的增長(zhǎng)就像其他地方的森林面積減少一樣

勢(shì)不可擋），D項(xiàng)“發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家背道而馳，.是對(duì)第四段最后一句的同義替

換。故本題選D。

Boredomhasbecometrendy.Studiespointtohowboredomisgoodfbrcreativityand

innovation,aswellasmentalhealth.Itisfoundthatpeoplearemorecreativefollowing

thecompletionofatedioustask.Whenpeoplearebored,theyhaveanincreasein

"associativethought"一theprocessofmakingnewconnectionsbetweenideas,whichis

linkedtoinnovativethinking.Thesestudiesareimpressive,butinreality,thebenefitsof

boredommayberelatedtohavingtimetoclearyourmind,bequiet,ordaydream.Inour

stimulation-richworld,itseemsunrealisticthatboredomcouldoccuratall.Yet,thereare

validreasonsboredommayfeelsopainful.Asitturnsout,boredommightsignalthefact

thatyouhaveaneedthatisn'tbeingmei.Ouralways-onworldofsocialmediamayresult

inmoreconnections,buttheyaresuperficialandcangetinthewayofbuildingareal

senseofbelonging.Feelingboredmaysignalthedesireforagreatersenseofcommunity

andthefeelingthatyoufitinwithothersaroundyou.Sotakethestepofjoiningan

organizationtobuildface-to-facerelationships.You'llfinddepththatyouwon'tgetfrom

yourscreennomatterhowmanylikesyougetonyourpost.Similartotheneedfor

belonging,boredpeopleoftenreportthattheyfeelalimitedsenseofmeaning.It'sa

fundamentalhumanneedtohavealargerpurposeandtofeellikewe'repartofsomething

biggerthanourselves.Whenpeoplearebored,they'remorelikelytofeellessmeaningin

theirlives.Ifyouwanttoreduceboredomandincreaseyoursenseofmeaning,seekwork

whereyoucanmakeauniquecontribution,orfindacauseyoucansupportwithyour

timeandtalent.Ifyourdefinitionofboredomisbeingquiet,mindful,andreflective,keep

itup.Butifyou'restrugglingwithrealboredomandtheemptinessitprovokes,consider

whetheryoumightseeknewconnectionsandmoresignificantchallenges.Thesearethe

thingsthatwillgenuinelyrelieveboredomandmakeyoumoreeffectiveintheprocess.

26>Whathavestudiesfoundaboutboredom?

A、Itfacilitatesinnovativethinking.

B、Itisaresultofdoingboringtasks.

C>Ithelpspeopleconnectwithothers.

D、Itdoeshanntoone'smentalhealth.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。限據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞studiesfound定位到第一段第二、三句，第

一段第二句中提到howboredomisgoodforcreativityandinnovation（無聊有利于創(chuàng)造

力、創(chuàng)新能力和心理健康），第三句中提到morecreativefollowingthecompletionof

atedioustask（人們?cè)谧鐾暌豁?xiàng)枯燥單調(diào)的工作后更具有創(chuàng)造力），第四句也指出

Whenpeoplearebored,theyhaveanincreasein^associativethought"...whichislinked

toinnovativethinking（當(dāng)人們無聊時(shí)，他們的“聯(lián)想思維”一種在想法之間建立

新的聯(lián)系的過程——會(huì)有所增強(qiáng)，其與創(chuàng)造性思維有關(guān)），A項(xiàng)“它促進(jìn)了創(chuàng)新性思

考”是對(duì)該段內(nèi)容的概括總結(jié)。故本題選A。

27、Whatdoestheauthorsayboredommightindicate?

A、Aneedtobeleftalone.

B、Adesiretobefulfilled.

C、Aconflicttoberesolved.

D、Atcclmgtobevalidated.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。眼據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞boredommightindicate定位到第二段第三

句，第二段第三句提到signalthefactthat,that在此處引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說明

fact的具體內(nèi)容,即youhaveaneedthatisn'tbeingmet（你的需求沒能得到滿足j,B

項(xiàng)“需要滿足的渴望”是aneedthatisn'tbeingmet的同義替換。故本題選B。

28、Whatdowclearnaboutsocialmediafromthepassage?

A、Itmaybeanobstacletoexpandingone'sconnections.

B、Itmaygetinthewayofenhancingone'ssocialstatus.

C、Itmaypreventpeoplefromdevelopingagenuinesenseofcommunity.

D、Itmaymakepeoplefeelthattheyoughttofitinwiththeoutsideworld.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。取據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞socialmedia定位到第三段第一句，句中出

現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but,but的內(nèi)容解釋其劣勢(shì)是getinthewayofbuildingareal

senseofbelonging（阻礙建立真正的歸屬感），C項(xiàng)“它可能阻止人們培養(yǎng)集體意識(shí)”是

對(duì)該句的同義替換。故本題選C。

29、Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledotogetridofboredom?

A、Countthelikestheygetontheirposts.

B、Reflectonhowtheyrelatetoothers.

C、Engageinreal-lifeinieractions.

D、Participateinonlinediscussions.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞suggest和getridofboredom定位到第三段

第三句，該句指出Sotakethestepofjoininganorganizationtobuildface-to-face

relationships（所以邁開腳步，加入組織，建立面對(duì)面的關(guān)系），C項(xiàng)“參與現(xiàn)實(shí)生活

中的互動(dòng)''和第三句中joininganorganizationtobuildface-to-facerelationships為同義

替換。故本題選C。

30、Whatshouldpeopledotoenhancetheirsenseofmeaning?

A、Trytodosomethingoriginal.

B、Confrontsignificantchallenges.

C、Defineboredomintheiruniqueway.

D^Devotethemselvestoaworthycause.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。限據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞enhancetheirsenseofmeaning定位到第四

段第四句，該句指出Ifyouwanttoreduceboredomandincreaseyoursenseof

meaning,seekworkwhereyoucanmakeauniquecontribution,orfindacauseyou

carlsupportwithyourtimeandlalent（如果你想要減少無聊感并提升生活的意義，那

就去找一份能讓你做出獨(dú)特貢獻(xiàn)的工作，或者找到一項(xiàng)能讓你投入時(shí)間和發(fā)揮才能

的事業(yè)），D項(xiàng)“讓自己投身于一項(xiàng)有價(jià)值的事業(yè)中”是文中findacauseyoucan

supportwithyourtimeandtalent的同義替換。故本題選D。

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試

卷第2套

一、詞匯理解(本題共io題，每題i.o分，共1。分。)

Neon(霓虹)istoHongKongasredphoneboothsaretoLondonandfogistoSan

Francisco.Whennightfalls,redandblueandothercolors[G1]ahazy(霧蒙

蒙的)glowoveracitylitupbytensofthousandsofneonsigns.Butmanyofthemare

goingdark,[G2]bymorepractical,butlessromantic,LEDs(發(fā)光二極管).

Changingbuildingcodes,evolvingtastes,andthehighcostofmaintainingthose

wonderfuloldsignshavebusinessesembracingLEDs,whichareenergy[G3]

,butstillcarrygreatcost."Tome,neonrepresentsmemoriesofthepast,"says

photographerSharonBlancc,whoseseriesHongKongNeoncelebratesthecity'sfamous

signs."LookingatthesignsnowIgetafeelingofamazement,mixedwithsadness.'1

Buildinganeonsignisanartpracticedby[G4]trainedonthejobtomold

glasstubesinto[G5]shapesandletters.Theyfillthesetubeswithgasesthat

glowwhen[G6].Neonmakesorange,whileothergasesmakeyellowor

blue.Ittakesmanyhourstocraftasinglesign.BlancespentaweekinHongKongand

[G7]morethan60signs;22ofthemappearintheseriesthatcapturethe

signslightinguplonelystreets—an[G8]thatmakesiteasytoadmiretheir

colorsandcraftsmanship."Ilovethebeautiful,handcrafted,old-fashioned[G9]

ofneon,"saysBlance.Thesignsdonothingmorethan[GIO]a

restaurant,theater,orotherbusiness,butdosointhemoststrikingwaypossible.A)

alternativeI)photographedB)approachJ)professionalsC)castK)qualityD)

challengingL)replacedE)decorativeM)stimulateF)efficientN)symbolizesG)

electrifiedO)volunteersH)identify

1、【Gl】

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格前為主語(yǔ)redandblueandothercolors,空格后為賓語(yǔ)ahazy（霧

蒙蒙的）glow,因此空格處應(yīng)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（V.）o由句意可知，空格處的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與

“照耀或投射”表意相近。動(dòng)詞中只有C）cast”投射（光、影子等）”符合句意。故

本題選C。

2、[G2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：L

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格前為句子主干，主干結(jié)構(gòu)完整，_2_bymorepraclical,butless

romantic,LEDs（發(fā)光二極管）應(yīng)為狀語(yǔ)，空格后為by引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)，因此空

格處應(yīng)為動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞（v-ing/v-cd）。由句意及下文businesses

embracingLEDs可知，空格處的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與邏輯主語(yǔ)“霓虹燈”為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此填入

的動(dòng)詞過去分詞應(yīng)與“替代，取代”表意相近。動(dòng)詞中只有L）replaced"代替，取

代''符合句意。故本題選L。

3、[G3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格處位于which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，從句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，

energy整體作表語(yǔ)，因此空格處應(yīng)為名詞（n.）或形容詞（a.）。由句意

可知，此處應(yīng)表示“LED燈節(jié)能”，空格處的詞應(yīng)與“節(jié)約，高效”表意相近“只有形

容詞F）efficient"有效率的，效率高的”符合句意，energyefficient構(gòu)成固定用法，

意為“能效高的，節(jié)能的故本題選F。

4、[G4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格前為引出被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)施動(dòng)者的介詞by,空格后為過去分詞短語(yǔ)

trainedonthejob作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾空格處，且下文出現(xiàn)They,因此空格處應(yīng)為名

詞復(fù)數(shù)（n-s）。由句意可知，空格處的名詞應(yīng)與“技術(shù)工人，專業(yè)工作者”表意相

近。名詞中只有J）professionals”專門人員，專業(yè)人士”符合句意。故本題選J。

5、[G5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格處位于moldosth.的結(jié)構(gòu)中，空格前為in【o,空格后為

shapesandletters,因此空格處應(yīng)為形容詞（a.）。由句意及下文可知，霓虹燈用作

招牌，空格處的形容詞應(yīng)與“裝飾的，藝術(shù)的''表意相近。形容詞中只有E）

decorative"裝飾性的，作裝飾用的”符合句意。故本題選E。

6、[G6]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格前為when,所以空格處位于when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，且

省略了與主句相同的主語(yǔ)（由that指代的先行詞gases）及be動(dòng)詞are,因此空格

處應(yīng)為作表語(yǔ)的形容詞（a.）或構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞過去分詞（v-ed）。由句意及

下文可知，霓虹燈中的氣體會(huì)發(fā)不同顏色的光，但其條件應(yīng)該是“通電”，空格處的

詞應(yīng)與“通電，插電”表意相近。形容詞和動(dòng)詞中都只有G)electrif