藥學(xué)英語構(gòu)詞法

藥學(xué)英語構(gòu)詞法natr-鈉natrium;sodiumkal-鉀kalium;potassiumcalc-鈣calciummagnes-鎂magnesiumsilic-硅siliconbor-硼boronarsen-砷arsenic砒霜mercur-汞mercury水銀chrom-鉻chromiumarg-銀argentumbar-鋇bariumsider,ferr-鐵ferrum;ironferro-鐵2+ferri-鐵3+※furan呋喃tetrahydrofuran四氫呋喃

thiophene噻吩pyrrole吡咯※

thiazole噻唑isothiazole異噻唑imidazole咪唑pyrazole吡唑oxazole噁唑isoxazole異噁唑※

pyridine吡啶piperidine哌啶※

pyrimidine嘧啶

pyrazine吡嗪piperazine哌嗪※indole吲哚purine嘌呤quinoline喹啉isoquinoline異喹啉※hemi-,semi-?mono-,haplo-,hen-,uni-1di-,bi-,duo-,bis-2tri-,triplo-,ter-3tetra-,quarto-,quadri-4※meth-甲eth-乙prop-丙but-丁penta-戊,5hexa-己,6hepta-庚,7octa-辛,8nona-壬,9deca-癸,10undeca,hendeca11dodeca12trideca13tetradeca14pentadeca15octadeca18nondeca19eicosa20heneicosa21docosa22tricosa23tetracosa24nonacosa29triaconta30tetraconta40pentaconta50calciumcarbonate碳酸鈣

sodiumhydroxide氫氧化鈉argentumnitricum硝酸銀silvernitratemonopotassiumphosphate磷酸二氫鉀arsenictrioxide三氧化二砷

boricacid硼酸borate硼酸鹽

bariumsulfate硫酸鋇magnesiumoxide氧化鎂

silicane硅烷silica二氧化硅potassiumchromate鉻酸鉀mercurybichloride氯化汞potassiumferrocyanide亞鐵氰化鉀ferricoxide氧化鐵※nano-納,毫微,10-9※micro-微,10-6※milli-毫,10-3※centi-厘,10-2※deci-分,10-1※deca-十,101※kilo-千,103※-liter升※meter米※gram克microlitermicrometermicrogrammillilitermillimetermilligramdeciliterdecimeterdecigramnanoliternanometernanogramcentilitercentimetercentigramdecaliterdecameterdecagramkiloliterkilometerkilogrammethylmethanemethanolmethanal,formaldehydeethylethaneethylene,etheneethanolethanalethynepropylpropanepropylene,propenepropanolpropanediolpropanetriolpropanalpropanedialpropanone,acetonepropynecyclopropylcyclopropanecyclopropenebutylbutanebutylene,butenebutadienebutanolbutanediolbutanalbutanedialbutanonebutanedionebutynecyclobutylcyclobutanecyclobutenecyclobutadienecyclobutadienecyclobutanonepentylpentanepentylene,pentenepentadienepentenolpentanolpentanediolpentanalpentanedialpentanonepentanedionepentynepentanediynepentosecyclopentylcyclopentanecyclopentenecyclopentadienecyclopentanonehexylhexanehexylene,hexenehexadienehexatrienehexanolhexanediolhexenolhexanalhexanedialhexanedionehexosecyclohexylcyclohexanecyclohexenecyclohexadienecyclohexanonechlorethylenenonoseheptaldehydeoctadecanetrichloromethanetriiodomethanetriethylamine3-hydroxybutanalbromobenzene2-aminopyrimidine2-acetylfurantetrahydrofuran3-methylpyridine5-ethylthiazoleN-methyl-2-hydroxyimidazole3-amino-5-bromophenol1,3-cyclohexanediamine2-methyl-2-nitropropaneo(m,p)-aminobenzaldehyde異戊巴比妥Amobarbital5-ethyl-5-(3-methylbutyl)-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione5-乙基-5-(3-甲基丁基)-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)嘧啶三酮苯妥英鈉PhenytoinSodiumDilantinSodium5,5-diphenyl-2,4-imidazolidinedionesodium5,5-二苯基-2,4-咪唑烷二酮鈉鹽大家學(xué)習(xí)辛苦了，還是要堅持繼續(xù)保持安靜鹽酸哌替啶PethidineHydrochloride

杜冷丁(Dolantin)1-methyl-4-phenyl-4-piperidine-carboxylicacidethylesterhydrochloride1-甲基-4-苯基-4-哌啶甲酸乙酯鹽酸鹽咖啡因Caffeine三甲基黃嘌呤3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dionemonohydrate1,3,7-三甲基-3,7-二氫-1H-嘌呤-2,6-二酮一水合物鹽酸普魯卡因

ProcaineHydrochloride2-(diethylamino)ethylp-aminobenzoatemonohydrochloride

4-氨基苯甲酸-2-(二乙氨基)乙酯鹽酸鹽硝苯地平Nifedipine1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)pyridin-3,5-dicarboxylicacid

dimethylester1,4-二氫-2,6-二甲基-4-(2-硝基苯基)-吡啶-3,5-二羧酸二甲酯鹽酸胺碘酮(2-butyl-3-benzofuranyl)[4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodophenyl]methanonehydrochloride2-丁基-3-苯并呋喃基)[4-[2-(二乙氨基)乙氧基]-3,5-二碘苯基]甲酮鹽酸鹽硝酸甘油1,2,3-propanetrioltrinitrate

1,2,3-丙三醇三硝酸酯pharmaco-藥;藥學(xué);藥理pharmaceuticaladj藥得,藥用得;制藥得;藥學(xué)得n藥品,藥劑pharmacy藥房,藥學(xué),藥劑學(xué),調(diào)劑學(xué)pharmacist藥劑師,劑員,藥商pharmaceuticalanalysis藥物分析pharmaceutics藥劑學(xué),制藥學(xué)biopharmaceutics生物藥劑學(xué),生物制藥學(xué)pharmacochemistry藥物化學(xué)pharmacology藥理學(xué)pharmacognosy生藥學(xué)pharmacodynamics藥效學(xué)pharmacokinetics藥動學(xué)pharmacopoeia藥典ChP(theChinesepharmacopoeia)中國藥典BP(theBritishpharmacopoeia)英國藥典

Pharmacokinetics(PK)includestwointerrelatedprocesses、Thefirstprocessisdrugabsorption,distribution,metabolism(biotransformation)andexcretion(ADME),andanotheristheevaluationofthequantitativekineticprocessesofADMEbykineticprinciplesandmathematicalmodels、Mathematicalmodelsareoftenusedtodescribethekineticsofdrugelimination、Thesemainlyincludefirstorderkinetics,zeroorderkineticsandMichaelis-MentenkineticswithimportantPKparameterssuchast1/2,Vd,AUC,F,CLtot,Cssetc、

t1/2:half-lifeVd:apparentvolumeofdistribution

AUC:areaundertheconcentration-timecurve

F:bioavailabilityCLtot:totalbodyclearance

Css:steady-stateplasmaconcentration※abdomin-,abdomino-腹abdominalgia腹痛(abdomin-+algia痛)abdominoscopy腹腔鏡檢查法(-scopy檢查法)※acet-,aceto-乙酰,醋acetic醋酸得acetate乙酸鹽,醋酸鹽acetaminophenorparacetamol※acetyl-乙酰基acetylcholine乙酰膽堿(chol-膽汁+-ine生物堿)acetylcholinesterase乙酰膽堿酯酶AchEAchEisanenzymethatcatalyzesthehydrolysisofacetylcholinetocholineandacetate、IntheCNS,thisenzymeplaysaroleinthefunctionofperipheralneuromuscularjunctions、※adeno-,aden-腺,腺體adenitis腺炎,淋巴腺炎(aden-+-itis炎)adenocyte腺細胞(adeno-+-cyte細胞)adenovirus

※adipo-,adip-脂肪fatadipectomy脂肪組織切除術(shù)(adip-+-ectomy切除術(shù))adiponecrosis脂肪壞死(adipo-+necrosis壞死)※lipo-,lip-脂肪,脂質(zhì);肥胖lipemia脂血癥(lip-+-emia血癥)lipoma脂肪瘤(lipo-+-oma瘤)lipotrophy脂肪增多(lipo-+-trophy營養(yǎng))※adreno-,adren-,adrenal-腎上腺adrenocorticotropin促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素(adreno-+cortico-皮質(zhì)+-tropin促…激素)adrenaline腎上腺素Smilingcanhelpreducethelevelofstress-enhancinghormoneslikecortisol皮質(zhì)醇,adrenalineanddopamine,increasethelevelofmood-enhancinghormoneslikeendorphinandreduceoverallbloodpressure、※ald-,-aldehyde醛benzaldehyde苯甲醛(benz-苯+-aldehyde)aldosterone醛固酮Aldosteroneisahormonesecretedbytheadrenalcortexthatregulateselectrolyteandwaterbalancebyincreasingtherenalretentionofsodiumandtheexcretionofpotassium、※form-,formo-

甲酸,甲酰formaldehyde甲醛(form-+-aldehyde甲醛)※-form,-iform…形得,…狀得fungiform真菌狀得(fungi真菌+-form)※-algia痛(癥)neuralgia神經(jīng)痛(neur-神經(jīng)+-algia)※-dynia痛neurodyniaadenodynia,adenalgiamyodynia,myalgiacardiodynia,cardialgiahepatodynia,hepatalgia※alkali-,alkal-,alkalo-堿alkalometry生物堿測量法(alkalo-+-metry測量法)※ameba-,amebo-阿米巴,變形蟲amebocyte阿米巴樣細胞(amebo-+-cyte細胞)amebacide殺阿米巴得,殺阿米巴藥※-amide酰胺acetamide乙酰胺(acet-乙酰+-amide)※-amine胺ammonium銨methylamine甲胺ammoniumacetate醋酸銨,乙酸銨※amino-氨基aminolysis氨解(作用)(amino-+-lysis水解)○aminoacid氨基酸※andro-,andr-雄,雄性

androgen雄激素(andro-+-gen致…物)estrogen雌激素※angei-,angi-,angio-管,血管bloodvesselangiocardiopathy心血管病(cardio-心+-pathy病)angioma血管瘤angiodynia,angialgia※vaso-,vasi-管,血管vasoconstriction血管收縮vasodilation血管舒張vasospasm血管痙攣vasoneuropathy血管神經(jīng)病※anti-,ant-對抗,反,抑制antibody抗體antigen抗原anticarcinogen抗癌藥anticholinergic抗膽堿能得(藥)anticholinesterase抗膽堿酯酶,膽堿酯酶抑制劑antibacterial抗菌得(藥)antiviralantifungalantihypercholesterolemic抗高膽甾醇血得(藥)antiinflammatory抗炎劑,抗炎藥antihistamine抗組胺劑,抗組胺,抗組織胺藥antimalarial抗瘧得(藥)antisympathetic抗交感神經(jīng)得,抗交感神經(jīng)藥antioxidase抗氧化酶※appendico-,appendic-闌尾appendicitis闌尾炎(appendico-+itis炎)appendectomy※arterio-動脈arteryarterial動脈得arteriodilating動脈擴張得arteriostenosis動脈狹窄arteriology

動脈學(xué)arteriospasm動脈痙攣arteralgiaarteritisarteriectomy※athero,ather-粥樣沉積,動脈粥樣化atherosclerosis動脈粥樣硬化(-sclerosis硬化)atherogenesis動脈粥樣化形成,動脈粥樣硬化生成※arthro-,arthr-關(guān)節(jié)jointsarthropyosis關(guān)節(jié)化膿(arthro-+pyo-膿+-osis狀態(tài))arthrocelearthritisarthralgiaarthrodynia※articul-關(guān)節(jié)articular關(guān)節(jié)得(-ar…得)※-ase酶enzymeamylase淀粉酶(amyl-淀粉)maltase麥芽糖酶oxidase氧化酶monoamineoxidase,MAOreductase還原酶oxidoreductaseesterase酯酶phosphodiesterase,PDE磷酸二酯酶anticholinesteraseacetylcholinesterase,AChEhydroxylase羥化酶dopamineβ-hydroxylasecarboxylase羧化酶decarboxylase脫羧酶methyltransferase,MT甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶N-MTHistamine(組胺)N-methyltransferase,HMTCatechol(兒茶酚)-O-methyltransferase,TPhenylethylamine-N-methyltransferaseMonoamineoxidaseinhibitors(MAOI)wereintroducedintotherapyforthetreatmentofdepressionin1957、Atpresentinthewesternclinic,themonlyusedantidepressantdrugsincludetricyclic,thefourthringcategory,neurotransmitterinhibitors,monoamineoxidaseinhibitorsandotherdrugs、Ethanolismainlymetabolizedinliverbyethanoldehydrogenase,cytochromeP450-2E1andacetaldehydedehydrogenase、Sildenafilcitrateisaphosphodiesterasetype5(PDE5)inhibitorusedclinicallyforthetreatmentofmaleerectiledysfunction、※-ataxia失調(diào)

ataxia共濟失調(diào)psychataxia精神失調(diào)(psycho-精神+-ataxia)※

atropho-萎縮atrophodermatosis皮膚萎縮病(atropho-+dermato-皮膚+-osis狀態(tài))atrophedema萎縮性水腫※-atrophia,-atrophy萎縮splenatrophia脾萎縮(splen-脾+atrophia)gastratrophia胃萎縮※bio-,bi-生命,生物,生物學(xué)cytobiology細胞生物學(xué)(-logy學(xué))biotransformationbiosynthesisbioavailabilitybiopharmaceutics

※bil-膽bilirubin膽紅素Duetobileductobstruction,bilirubinisnotexcretedintothesmallintestine,sothatcholestasisorbiliarycellsintheliverandcausejaundice、

※-blast未分化得原始胚細胞hemocytoblast成血細胞,原血細胞※botan-植物botanist植物學(xué)家botany植物學(xué)※brady-徐緩,遲鈍bradycardia心動徐緩,心搏徐緩(cardia心)bradyrhythmia心搏徐緩bradyuria排尿徐緩bradyesthesia感覺遲鈍esthesia感覺;感知bradypnea呼吸徐緩(-pnea呼吸)※tachy-快,過速,急tachycardia心搏過速,心動過速tachypnea呼吸急促tachyrhythmia心動過速※bromo-,brom-溴bromine;bromumbromoform溴仿(form仿)bromobenzene溴苯bromide溴化物Neostigminebromide溴新斯得明hydrobromide氫溴化物※chloro-,chlor-氯chlorine;chlorumchlorethylene氯乙烯chloroform氯仿trichlormethanechloride氯化物hydrochloride氫氯化物propranololhydrochloride※iodo-碘;碘代iodine;iodumiodoform碘仿,三碘甲烷iodide碘化物hydroiodide氫碘化物sodiumiodidepotassiumbromidecalciumchloridecalciumcarbonatesodiumhydroxidemonopotassiumphosphatedipotassiumphosphatearsenictrioxidemagnesiumoxidebariumsulfatemercurybichloridepotassiumferrocyanideferrouschloride

ferricchlorideferricoxide※broncho-,bronch-,bronchio-支氣管bronchiospasm支氣管痙攣(-spasm痙攣)bronchodilationbronchoconstrictionbronchitis※

calori-熱calorimetry測熱法(calori-+-metry測量法)※cancero-,cancro-,cancri-癌cancercancrocirrhosis癌性硬化(cirrho-硬變+-osis狀態(tài))※carcino-,carcin-癌carcinectomy癌切除術(shù)(-ectomy切除術(shù))carcinoma癌lung,skin,renal,prostate,thyroid~、laryngocarcinoma喉癌rhinocarcinoma鼻癌adenocarcinomahepatocarcinoma※capillari-,capillaro-,capillo-毛細管;毛細血管capillarimeter毛細管計(-meter計量儀)※-cele腫物,疝,膨出;腔arthrocele關(guān)節(jié)腫大(arthro-關(guān)節(jié)+-cele)enterocele腸疝gastrocele胃膨出encephalocele腦疝※carbo,carba-,carb-碳carboncarbohydrate碳水化合物,糖類carbohydraturia糖尿carbondioxide※

cellulo-細胞;纖維(素)cellcellulase纖維素酶(cellulo-+-ase酶)cellular細胞得※-cardia,-cardium心pericardium心包(peri-周圍)pericellular細胞外周得※cardio-,cardi-,cardia-心;賁門cardiogram心動圖(gram圖)cardiovascular心血管得cardiovasology心血管學(xué)cardioarterial心動脈得cardionecrosis心壞死cardiohepatic心肝得cardiosclerosis心硬化cardiology心臟病學(xué)cardiopathy心臟病cardiomegaly=cardiomegalia心肥大cardioneural心神經(jīng)得cardiodilator賁門擴張器cardionephric心腎得cardiorenal※cerebro-,cerebri-,cerebr-腦,大腦cerebral大腦得,腦得cerebrospinal腦脊髓得cerebromedullary※encephalo-腦encephalocele腦突出encephalomyelitis腦脊髓炎encephalomyeloneuropathy腦脊髓神經(jīng)病electroencephalogram,EEGelectrocardiograms,ECG※cephalo-,cephal-頭cephaloedema頭水腫cephalosporin頭孢菌素○cerebralgia;encephalalgia;cephalalgia頭痛○cerebritis;encephalitis;cephalitis腦炎,大腦炎○cerebroma;encephaloma腦瘤○cerebromalacia;encephalomalacia腦軟化○cerebrosclerosis;encephalosclerosis腦硬化※cervico-,cervic-頸;子宮cervicotomy子宮頸切開術(shù)(-tomy切開術(shù))cervicalcarcinoma宮頸癌※chole-,cholo-,chol-膽汁;膽

cholochrome膽色素(-chrome色素)hypercholesterolemia高膽固醇血癥Toomuchcholesterolinthebloodiscalledhighbloodcholesterolorhypercholesterolemia

Bothfluvastatinandsimvastatinhavegoodefficacyandsafetyonthepatientswithprimaryhypercholesterolemia

antihypercholesterolemiccholinocepter膽堿受體cholinomimetic擬膽堿能藥,擬膽堿藥,擬膽堿作用得cholinergic膽堿能得,膽堿能藥※cholecyst-膽囊

cholecystotomy膽囊切開術(shù)cholecystectomycholecystitis※choler-霍亂cholera霍亂※chrono-,chron-時,時間chronicity慢性(chron-+icity性質(zhì),狀態(tài))chronopharmacology時辰藥理學(xué)chronopharmacokinetics時辰藥動學(xué)Pulsedrugdeliverysystemisanewtypeofdrugdeliverysystemtoquantificationallyreleaseeffectivedosedrug,basedontheprinciplesofchronopharmacologyandchronopharmacokinetics、※chromato-,chromat-,chromo-色;色素chromatosome染色體(-some體)chromatin染色質(zhì)cytochromeP450chromatogram色譜圖chromatography色譜法GCHPLCTLC※circum-,circu-環(huán)繞,環(huán),周圍peri-circumrenal腎周圍得(-renal腎得)perirenalpericardiumpericellular※cirrho-硬變cirrhosis硬化,肝硬化※-cide切,殺,殺…劑-cidalgermicidal殺菌得amebacide殺阿米巴劑,殺變形蟲劑germicidebacteriocidefungicidevirucide※-cise切,殺excise切除(ex-向外+-cise)※

cis-順,順式cistron順反子(cis-+trans-反+-on…子)cis-isomer順式異構(gòu)體(cis-+-isomer異構(gòu)體)※clon-克隆monoclonal單克隆得,單細胞系得※cocco-,cocc-球菌,球pneumococcide殺肺炎球菌藥※-coccal球菌得staphylococcal葡萄球菌得(staphyl-葡萄狀)※-coccus球菌(pl)coccimicrococcus微球菌(micro-微)pneumococcus肺炎球菌staphylococcus葡萄球菌Staphylococcusaureusisahardbugtokill、※-colic結(jié)腸得gastrocolic胃結(jié)腸得(gastro-胃)※-colon結(jié)腸megacolon巨結(jié)腸(mega-巨大)※colpo-,colp-陰道colpospasm陰道痙攣colpostenosis陰道狹窄※vagino-,vagin-陰道vaginavaginomycosis陰道霉菌病(-mycosis霉菌病)vaginoscope,colposcopevaginoscopy,colposcopyvaginitis,colpitisThegynecologicaldiseasesonthefirstthreeplacesarecervicitis,vaginitisandfibromyoma、※contra-反,反向,抗,逆,相對contrastimulant抗興奮得,抗興奮藥contraceptive避孕劑,避孕得contrasexual異性得contraindication禁忌癥(-indication適應(yīng)癥)Tumortreatmentislimitedbyindication,contraindicationandsideeffectofoperation,chemotherapyandradiotherapy,sothattherapeuticeffectisnotgoodenough、※counter-反,抗,反向,逆,對應(yīng),匹配,復(fù)counteraction對抗作用(action作用)※colori-,color-色colorimeter比色計(-meter計)colorimetry比色法※coronaro-,coronar-冠狀,冠狀動脈coronaryarterycoronarospasm冠狀動脈痙攣coronaritis※cortico-,cortic-皮質(zhì)cortexcorticotrophin(-trophin促…激素)促皮質(zhì)素,促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素,促腎上腺皮質(zhì)素[促皮質(zhì)激素]adrenocorticalhormone;corticoid腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素mineralocorticoid鹽皮質(zhì)激素glucocorticoid;glucocorticosteroid糖皮質(zhì)激素Long-termglucocorticoidtherapypromptlyinducesosteoporosis,whoseseveritydependsonthedoseanddurationofthetreatment,andthereisnosafetythresholdforadverseeffectsonbone、※-crine分泌excretionendocrine內(nèi)分泌(endo-內(nèi))exocrine外分泌endocrinology內(nèi)分泌學(xué)neuroendocrinology※cry-冷,冰凍,低溫cryalgesia冷痛覺(-algesia痛覺)cryoscopy冰點(降低)測定法cryosurgery冷凍外科手術(shù)※cut-皮膚cutaneous表皮得,皮(膚)得subcutaneous皮下得※-derm皮膚,皮endoderm內(nèi)胚層exoderm外皮,外胚層mesoderm中胚層※derma-,dermo-,dermato-derm-皮膚,皮skindermatitiscutitis※-dermia皮膚病sclerodermia硬皮病(sclero-硬)※cyano-,cyan-青,藍,紺;氰(基)cyanopathy發(fā)紺cyanosispotassiumferrocyanide※-cyte,cyto-,cyt-,kyto-細胞

cellserythrocyte紅細胞(erythro-紅)leucocyte白細胞(leuco-白)thrombocyte血小板,凝血細胞lymphocyte淋巴細胞(lympho-淋巴)cytotoxin細胞毒素(-toxin毒素)cytoplasm細胞質(zhì),細胞漿(-plasm原生質(zhì))※celli-,cellulo-細胞cellular細胞得pericellularcellifugal離細胞得cellipetal向細胞得cellulotoxic細胞毒得,毒害細胞得※cyst-囊,膀胱cystitis膀胱炎cholecystostomy膽囊造口術(shù)cholecystotomy膽囊切開術(shù)cholecystectomy※denti-,dento-,dentia-牙

toothdentosurgical牙外科得dentofacial牙面得※odonto-,odont-牙odontolith牙垢,牙積石odontology,dentologyodontopathyodontalgia,dentalgiaodontoneuralgia※dacry-淚dacryagogue催淚劑※dem-人demography人口學(xué),人口統(tǒng)計學(xué)※densi-,denso-密度

densimeter密度計(densi-+-meter計)DensityHDLLDLVLDLlipoprotein

※dehydro-脫氫,去氫

dehydroandrosterone脫氫雄甾酮※deoxy-,desoxy-脫氧,去氧deoxyriboside脫氧核糖核苷deoxyribotide脫氧核糖核苷酸,脫氧核苷酸DNAdeoxyribonucleicacid

脫氧核糖核酸desoxymorphine脫氧嗎啡※dextro-右;右旋dextroisomer右旋異構(gòu)體dextroglucose=dextrose※levo-左,向左,在左邊;左旋levocardia左位心levoisomer左旋異構(gòu)體levodopalevofloxacin左氧氟沙星※dieto-飲食dietdietotherapy飲食療法(therapy療法)

※diabet-糖尿病diabetes(mellitus)糖尿病antidiabetic抗糖尿病得,抗糖尿病藥Theoralantidiabeticagentsplayanimportantroleintheclinicaltreatmentofthetype2diabetes、Therearemanycategoriesoforalantidiabeticagentsavailable、Sulfonylureasacttoincreasethereleaseofinsulinfromthepancreas、Sulfonylureasareusedtocontrolglucoselevelsintype2diabeticswhocannotachieveadequatecontrolwithdietalone、Tworelativelynewinsulinsecretagogues,repaglinideandnateglinide,areapprovedforuseintype2diabetics、Ahallmarkoftype2diabetesisinsulinresistance、Thiazolidinediones(TZDs)acttoincreasetissuesensitivitytoinsulin、TZDsareeffectiveinabout70percentoftype2diabetics、BiguanidesarefrequentlyusedinbinationwithTZDsorinsulinsecretagogueswhenmonotherapyhasnotprovidedadequateglycemiccontrol、※digito-,digital-洋地黃digitalisdigitalization洋地黃化Themyocardiumisextremelysensitivetotheeffectsofhypokalemia,particularlyifthepatienthascoronaryarterydiseaseoristakingadigitalisderivative、※diplo-又,重,復(fù),二倍,成雙得diplococcemia雙球菌血癥(cocco-球菌+-emia血癥)diplophase二倍期(phase期)※dys-不良,困難,推失調(diào),異常,障礙dyspepsia消化不良(-pepsia消化)dyspnea呼吸困難(-pnea呼吸)dystrophy營養(yǎng)障礙,營養(yǎng)不良(-trophy營養(yǎng))dysfunction機能不良,機能障礙※-ectomize切除nephrectomize腎切除(nephro-腎)※-ectomy切除術(shù)enter,arthr,appendic,aden,carcin,hepat,nephrectomy※-ectopia異位metrectopia子宮異位(metr-子宮)angiectopia※-edema水腫,腫脹encephaledema腦水腫nephredema腎盂積水pneumonedema肺水腫angioedemaangioneuroedemaarthredema※elasto-彈性(得)elastopathy彈性組織病(-pathy病)※electro-電electrocardiogram心電圖ECGelectroencephalogram腦電圖EEG※-emia,-aemia血,血癥anemia貧血(an-缺,無)irondeficiencyanemiamegaloblasticanemia巨幼紅細胞性貧血

perniciousanemia惡性貧血

hypercholesterolemiahypolipoproteinemiahyperlipemiaAnexcessoflipidsinthebloodantihypercholesterolemic※h(a)emo-,hem-,h(a)ema-,h(a)emat-血液bloodhemorrhage出血hematodialysis血液透析hemoglobin血紅蛋白hemacytehematonosis;hematopathy;hemopathy血液病hematopoietic造血得;生血得hematopoietin紅細胞生成素,血細胞生成素,造血素Anemiaisdefinedasreduceincirculatingerythrocytecountandhemoglobinlevel、Threeessentialnutrientsincludingiron,vitaminB12,andfolicacidarerequiredforbonemarrowhematopoieticfunction、Ironpreparationcanbeusedtotreatirondeficiencyanemia,folicacidcanbeusedfortreatmentofmegaloblasticanemia、InjectionadministrationofvitaminB12isavailablefortherapyofperniciousanemia、Hemtopoieticgrowthfactors,includingerythropoietin,myeloidgrowthfactors(e、g、,G-CSFandGM-CSF)andthrombopoietinwhichcanregulatetheproliferationanddifferentiationofhematopoieticcells,havebeenusedtotreatthebatanemia,neutropenia,andthrombocytopenia,respectively、G-CSF:GranulocyteColony-StimulatingFactor

GM-CSF:Granulocyte-MacrophageColony-StimulatingFactor※endo-,end-內(nèi),在內(nèi),內(nèi)部exo-外endocarditis心內(nèi)膜炎endoscopy內(nèi)窺鏡檢查endoscope內(nèi)窺鏡endovenous靜脈內(nèi)得endarterialendogastric胃內(nèi)得endonuclearendovasculitis血管內(nèi)膜炎endothelium內(nèi)皮endothelial內(nèi)皮得endothelium-derivedrelaxingfactor血管內(nèi)皮舒張因子endotoxinexotoxinendocrinologyexocrinologyendodermexodermendocellularexocellular※ento-,ent-內(nèi),在…內(nèi)部entocyte細胞內(nèi)含物(-cyte細胞)entoblast內(nèi)胚層(-blast胚)※enter-,entero-腸

gut;bowels;intestinesenterogastritis腸胃炎enterohepaticcycle腸肝循環(huán)※intestin-腸intestine

gastrointestinaltract

胃腸道Generallyreferstothedigestivestructuresstretchingfromthemouthtoanus,butdoesnotincludetheaccessoryglandularorgans(liver;biliarytract;pancreas)、※enzymo-酶enzyme

coenzyme輔酶enzymolysis酶解作用(-lysis分解,溶解,裂解,破壞)enzymatichydrolysis※zymo-,zym-酶,酵素enzyme;fermentzymohydrolysis酶解作用,酶解zymogen酶原proenzyme※epidemio-流行(病)epidemic流行病;流行性得epidemiology流行病學(xué)※epi-,ep-上,在上;在外epicardium心外膜※epidermo-表皮epidermomycosis表皮霉菌病※epinephro-,epinephr-腎上腺adrenalepinephroma腎上腺樣瘤(-oma瘤)epinephrine腎上腺素adrenaline,AD

Epinephrineistheactivesympathomimetichormonefromtheadrenalmedulla、Itstimulatesboththealpha-andbeta-adrenergicsystems,causessystemicvasoconstrictionandgastrointestinalrelaxation,stimulatestheheartanddilatesbronchiandcerebralvessels、Itisusedinasthmaandcardiacfailureandtodelayabsorptionoflocalanesthetics、norepinephrine,NE去甲腎上腺素noradrenaline,NA

※erythro-,erythr-紅erythrocyteerythromycin紅霉素(-mycin霉素)erythropenia紅細胞減少erythrocytosis紅細胞增多癥erythrocytometer紅細胞計數(shù)器erythrocytometryerythrolysin紅細胞溶解素,溶血素erythrolysis※estro-,estra-雌estrogen雌激素(-gen致…得物)androgenNaturalestrogensincludeestradiol,estrone,estriol、※(o)esophag-食管(o)esophagusesophagogastrostomy食管胃吻合術(shù)esophagoenterostomy食管腸吻合術(shù)esophageal食道得;食管得esophagealcanceresophag(o)+itis,algia,dynia,ectomy,scope,scopy,cele,spasm,malacia,stenosis,tome,tomy※etio-病因causeofdiseaseetiogenic成因得,原因得etiology病因?qū)W,病原學(xué)etiologicaletiologicaltreatment病因治療

symptomatictreatment對癥治療※eu-好,佳,優(yōu),正常,真euthanasia安樂死(-thanasia死)1、cyanide

氰化物2、hypnotics安眠藥,催眠藥3、coagulant

凝血藥eucaryote真核生物eukaryoteeuchromatin常染色質(zhì)euchromosome常染色體euglycemia血糖正常dysglycemia血糖代謝障礙eupnea呼吸正常dyspnea呼吸困難eupepsia消化良好dyspepsia消化不良※excito-刺激,激動,興奮excitementexcitoreflex興奮反射(reflex反射)※-fast耐…得,抗…得uviofast抗紫外線得(uvio-紫外線+-fast)acidfast抗酸得alkalifast耐堿得penicillin-fastheat-fast※febri-,febr-熱,發(fā)熱

feverfebrifuge解熱藥,退熱藥,退燒藥(-fuge驅(qū)走,驅(qū)除劑)febricide退熱得,解熱得,退熱藥antifebrile退熱(得)藥paracetamolibuprofen

aspirin※-fugal離開得,遠離得,驅(qū)逐得febrifugal退熱得,解熱得(febri-熱)centrifuge離心,離心機,離心器centrifugal※fibrino-纖維蛋白,纖維素fibrin,cellulosefibrinogenopenia纖維蛋白原減少(-gen原+-penia減少)※fibro-,fibr-纖維,纖維組織fibrocyte纖維細胞fibroangioma纖維血管瘤fibrosara纖維肉瘤fibrosis纖維變性,纖維化fibrosclerosis纖維硬化※feti-,feto-,foeti-胎,胎兒foetusfeticide殺胎,墮胎(feti-+-cide殺)※flocculo-絮狀flocculoreaction絮狀反應(yīng)(reaction反應(yīng))flocculate絮凝deflocculate反絮凝flocculating絮凝化flocculant;flocculatingagent絮凝劑deflocculant;deflocculatingagent反絮凝劑※fungi-,fungo-真菌,霉菌fungistasis抑制真菌(-stasis停滯)fungicide殺真菌劑,殺霉菌劑※galacto-,galact-,gala-乳(汁)galactagogue催乳得;催乳劑(-agogue催,利,促進劑)※lacti-,lacto-,lact-乳,乳汁lactagogue催乳得,催乳藥lactose乳糖sodiumlactatelacticacid

prolactin,PRL催乳素prolactin-releasinghormone,PRH※ganglio-,gangli-神經(jīng)節(jié)ganglionotoganglion耳神經(jīng)節(jié)gangliolytic神經(jīng)節(jié)性(傳導(dǎo))阻滯得gangliomagangliocytegangliectomy※gaster-,gastro-,gastr-,gaster胃gastroesophagostomy胃食管吻合術(shù)gastratrophia胃萎縮gastrocardiac胃心得gastroenteritisgastrectomygastroscope※stomacho-胃stomachoscopy胃檢查gastralgia;gastrodynia;stomachache;stomachalgia;stomachodynia※gelato-,gelo-膠,凝膠gelatification膠凝(作用),膠體形成gelate形成凝膠※germi-,ger-,germino-芽,胚芽,細菌germicide殺菌劑bactericide※ger-,gerat-,gerato-,geronto-,gero-geront-老年geratology老年醫(yī)學(xué),老年病學(xué),老人學(xué)※-genic致…性得,產(chǎn)生…得;由…引起得,…原得

※-genesis起源,發(fā)生

pathogenic致病得pathogenesis發(fā)病,致病,發(fā)病機制carcinogenic致癌得carcinogenesis致癌作用,癌發(fā)生teratogenic致畸得teratogenesis畸形發(fā)生,致畸作用mutagenic突變得,致誘變得mutagenesis誘變,突變發(fā)生atherogenic致動脈粥樣化得atherogenesis※-genous致…得,生成…得,…產(chǎn)生得homogenous同源得,純系得,同質(zhì)得(homo-同)heterogenous異基因得,異源得,異種得,異型得endogenous內(nèi)生得,內(nèi)源得exogenous外生得,外源得※glauco-青,青色glaua青光眼※glosso-,gloss-舌

tongueglossitis舌炎※globulo-,globuli-球,小球,血球globulin球蛋白(globul-+-in蛋白)immunoglobulin免疫球蛋白Ig※glomerulo-,glomerul-小球,腎小球

glomerulusglomerulonephritis腎小球性腎炎

Glomerulardiseasecharacterizedbyaninflammatoryreaction,withleukocyteinfiltrationandcellularproliferationoftheglomeruli,orthatappearstobetheresultofimmuneglomerularinjury、Clinicalmanifestation:proteinuria,hematuria,oliguria,cylinderuria,edema,hypertensionandsoon、※glyco-,glyc-糖glycogen糖原(-gen原)※gluco-甘;糖;葡萄糖glucocorticoid糖皮質(zhì)激素※saccharo-,sacchar-糖saccharidesaccharuria糖尿※-gogue利…劑,促…劑chologogue利膽劑ursodeoxycholicacidlactagogue催乳劑galactagoguehormonagogue催激素得;催激素劑secretagogue促分泌得,促分泌劑,促分泌物,促泌素Tworelativelynewinsulinsecretagogues,repaglinideandnateglinide,areapprovedforuseintype2diabetics、

※gonado-,gonad-生殖腺,性腺gonadotrop(h)in促性腺激素(-trop(h)in促…激素)gonadoinhibitory性腺抑制得※-graft移植物,移植片homograft同種移植物heterog