濾池的反沖洗BackWashingofFilterLect

濾池的反沖洗

BackWashingofFilter主講教師

Lecturer段春毅

DuanChunyi課程導(dǎo)入

CourseGuide水頭損失增加到設(shè)計(jì)允許值

Whentheheadlossincreasestothedesignallowablevalue濾池須停止過濾并進(jìn)行反沖洗

thefiltermustbestoppedforabackwash濾后水質(zhì)不符合要求

Waterqualityafterfiltrationdoesnotmeettherequirements濾池的反沖洗

BackWashingofFilter課程導(dǎo)入

CourseGuide如果沖洗質(zhì)量不好,對(duì)濾后的水質(zhì)、工作周期、沖洗水量等影響很大,而且給生產(chǎn)運(yùn)行帶來許多麻煩。

Iftheflushingqualityispoor,ithasagreatimpactonthefilteredwaterquality,workingperiod,andflushingwatervolume,andbringsmanyproblemstotheproductionandoperation.CONTENTS目錄反沖洗的目的和方法

PurposeandMethodofBackwashing濾池反沖洗的目的與方法

PurposeandMethodofBackwashingofFilter濾池的反沖洗機(jī)理

BackwashingMechanismofFilters反沖洗的三要素

ThreeElementsofBackwashing濾池沖洗水的供給方式

SupplyofFlushingWaterforFilters濾池排水系統(tǒng)

FilterDrainageSystem01反沖洗的目的和方法

PurposeandMethodofBackwashing第一小隊(duì)

Team1虹吸濾池的反沖洗

BackWashingofSiphonFilter反沖洗的目的和方法

PurposeandMethodofBackwashing濾池的反沖洗

BackWashingofFilter再通過表面掃洗和排泥渠排走

Thenitisdrainedthroughsurfacesweepwashingandsludgedischargechannel第二小隊(duì)

Team2V型濾池的反沖洗

BackWashingofVFilter反沖洗的目的和方法

PurposeandMethodofBackwashing濾池的反沖洗

BackWashingofFilter雜質(zhì)從V型槽被表面掃洗水沖走

ImpuritiesarewashedawayfromtheV-shapedgroovebysurfacesweepingwashingwater02濾池反沖洗的目的與方法

PurposeandMethodofBackwashingofFilter濾池反沖洗的目的與方法

PurposeandMethodofBackwashingofFilter濾池的反沖洗

BackWashingofFilter濾池的沖洗方法

Methodoffilterflushing清除截留在濾料層中的雜質(zhì)，使濾池在短時(shí)間內(nèi)恢復(fù)過濾能力。

Removingtheimpuritiestrappedinthefiltermateriallayercanrestorethefilteringcapacityofthefilterinashorttime.反沖洗的目的：

PurposeofBackwash:高速水流反沖洗

High-speedwaterbackwash反沖洗的方法：

MethodofBackwash:氣、水反沖洗

Airandwaterbackwash表面輔助沖洗加高速水流反沖洗

Surface-assistedflushingplushigh-speedwaterbackwash03濾池反沖洗的要求

Requirementsforbackwashingfilters濾池反沖洗的要求

Requirementsforbackwashingfilters濾池的反沖洗

BackWashingofFilter濾池的沖洗要求

Requirementsforflushingfilters沖洗水均勻分布在濾層

Flushingwaterisevenlydistributedinthefilterlayer上升流速(即有足夠的反沖洗強(qiáng)度),膨脹高度

Risingflowrate(i.e.sufficientbackwashintensity),expansionheight反沖洗時(shí)間

Backwashingtime排除迅速,不產(chǎn)生壅水現(xiàn)象

Rapiddischargewithoutbackwater沖洗完畢,濾料仍應(yīng)保持在濾池正常過濾的位置上

Afterflushing,thefiltermediashallstillbekeptatthenormalfilteringpositionofthefilter.開始沖洗時(shí),速度緩慢,達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)沖洗強(qiáng)度時(shí)的過程時(shí)間至少要30s,否則會(huì)擾動(dòng)承托層,甚至?xí)捎谒N作用而損壞配水系統(tǒng)。

Atthebeginningofflushing,thespeedshallbeslow,andtheprocessofreachingthedesignflushingintensityshallbeatleast30s,otherwise,thesupportinglayerwillbedisturbed,andeventhewaterdistributionsystemwillbedamagedduetowaterhammer.濾池的機(jī)理

Mechanismoffilters向上懸浮的趨勢

Trendsofsuspensionupward由于自身重力作用而下沉

Sinkingbygravity濾料顆粒間會(huì)相互碰撞和摩擦（主要因素）

Collisionandfrictionbetweenmediaparticles(mainfactors)向上水流的剪力也會(huì)對(duì)濾料沖刷

Theshearoftheupwardflowalsoscoursthefiltermedia濾料

Filtermedia沖洗的方法：

Methodofflushing:高速水流反沖洗；氣、水反沖洗；表面輔助沖洗加高速水流反沖洗

High-speedwaterbackwash;airandwaterbackwash;surface-assistedbackwashplushigh-speedwaterbackwash濾池反沖洗的要求

Requirementsforbackwashingfilters濾池的反沖洗

BackWashingofFilter04反沖洗的三要素

ThreeElementsofBackwashing沖洗三要素

Threeelementsofflushing沖洗強(qiáng)度

Backwashintensity反沖洗的三要素

ThreeElementsofBackwashing濾池的反沖洗

BackWashingofFilter濾層膨脹度

Expansiondegreeofthefilterlayer沖洗時(shí)間

Flushtime一定的沖洗強(qiáng)度：單位面積濾層所通過的沖洗流量（L/s.m2

）。

Certainflushingintensity:theflushingflow(L/s.m2)passingthroughthefilterlayerperunitarea.過小，濾層沖不干凈

Iftheintensityistoolow,thefilterlayerwillnotbeclean過大，濾層沖洗效果差，嚴(yán)重時(shí)還會(huì)造成濾料流失

Iftheintensityistoohigh,theflushingeffectofthefilterlayerispoor,andthefiltermediawillbelostinseverecases生產(chǎn)中還應(yīng)該考慮溫度影響

Temperatureeffectsshouldalsobeconsideredintheproduction夏季水溫高，反沖洗強(qiáng)度大

Higherflushingintensityisrequiredbythehighwatertemperatureinsummer冬季寫水滴，反沖洗強(qiáng)度小

Lowerflushingintensityisrequiredbythelowwatertemperatureinwinter反沖洗的三要素

ThreeElementsofBackwashing濾層膨脹度是指反沖洗時(shí)濾層膨脹后所增加的厚度與濾層膨脹前厚度之比，膨脹度的大小,取決于沖洗強(qiáng)度的大小。

Theexpansiondegreeofthefilterlayerreferstotheratioofthethicknessincreasedaftertheexpansionofthefilterlayertothethicknessbeforetheexpansionofthefilterlayerduringbackwashing.Theexpansiondegreedependsontheflushingintensity.沖洗強(qiáng)度越大,膨脹度也越大。

Thegreatertheflushingintensity,thegreatertheexpansiondegree.沖洗三要素

Threeelementsofflushing反沖洗的三要素

ThreeElementsofBackwashing濾池的反沖洗

BackWashingofFilter適宜的濾層膨脹度e：反沖洗時(shí)濾層膨脹后所增加的厚度與膨脹前厚度之比。

Suitableexpansiondegreeeoffilterlayer:

theratiooftheincreasedthicknessofthefilterlayerafterexpansiontothethicknessbeforeexpansionduringbackwashing.e=[(L-L0)/L0]×100%過小，下層濾料浮不起來

Ifthedegreeistoolow,thefiltermediainthelowerpartwillnotfloat過大，因?yàn)V料顆粒較小，它們之間碰撞摩擦機(jī)率減小，還會(huì)使上層濾料流失，承托層發(fā)生移動(dòng)。

Ifthedegreeistoohigh,thecollisionfrictionprobabilitybetweenparticleswillbereducedduetothesmallerparticlesofthefiltermedia,andtheupperfiltermediawillbelostandthesupportinglayerwillmove.理想的e應(yīng)是截留雜質(zhì)的那部分濾料恰好完全膨脹起來為限，或者下層最大濾料顆粒剛剛開始浮起時(shí)為宜。

Ideally,eshouldbetotheextentthattheportionofthefiltermediathatentrappedtheimpuritiesthatjustexpandscompletely,orwhenthelargestparticlesofthelowerfiltermaterialjustbegintofloat.根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)

Basedonexperience單層濾料（砂料）e采用45%左右

eshallbeabout45%forsingle-layerfiltermedia(sand)煤-—砂雙層濾料取50%左右

eshallbeabout50%forcoal-sanddouble-layerfiltermedia沖洗三要素

Threeelementsofflushing反沖洗的三要素

ThreeElementsofBackwashing濾池的反沖洗

BackWashingofFilter足夠的沖洗時(shí)間：

Enoughflushingtime:顆粒間需要足夠的碰撞﹑摩擦?xí)r間沖洗廢水及時(shí)排走的時(shí)間

Enoughtimeforcollisionandfrictionbetweenparticlesisrequiredtoflushandthetimefortherinsedwastewatertobedischargedintime根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)

Basedonexperience沖洗歷時(shí)（min）

Backwashduration(min)沖洗強(qiáng)度（L/sm2）

Flushingintensity(L/sm2)單層濾料

Singlelayerfiltermedia雙層濾料

Double-layerfiltermedia膨脹率（%）

Expansionrate(%)12~1513~157~58~6455005濾池沖洗水的供給方式

SupplyofFlushingWaterforFilters濾池沖洗水的供給方式

SupplyofFlushingWaterforFilters配水系統(tǒng)

Waterdistributionsystem濾池沖洗水的供給方式水泵沖洗

Modeofsupplyoffilterflushingwaterpumpflushing:Pumpflushing水泵流量Q=qF

PumpflowQ=qF式中：q——反沖洗強(qiáng)度，L/s·m

Where:q——backwashingintensity,L/s·mF——單格濾池面積，m2F——singlecellfilterarea,m2濾池

Filter水泵

Waterpump清水池

Clearwatertank配水系統(tǒng)

Waterdistributionsystem揚(yáng)程

Head水泵沖洗

PumpflushingH0

——排水槽頂與清水池最低水位高差，m

H0——Heightdifferencebetweenthetopofdrainagechannelandthelowestwaterlevelofcleanwatertank,mh1

——清水池至濾池的管道中總水頭損失，m

h1

——Totalheadlossinpipelinefromclearwatertanktofilter,mh2

——濾池配水系統(tǒng)水頭損失，m

h2

——Headlossofdistributionsystemoffilter,mh3

——承拖層水頭損失，m

h3

——Headlossofsupportinglayer,mh4

——濾料層水頭損失，m

h4

——headlossoffiltermedialayer,mh5

——備用水頭，一般取1.5~2.0m

h5——Standbyhead,typically1.5~2.0m濾池

Filter水泵

Waterpump清水池

Clearwatertank

H=H0

+h1

+h2

+h3

+h4

+h5濾池沖洗水的供給方式

SupplyofFlushingWaterforFilters配水系統(tǒng)

Waterdistributionsystem水塔沖洗

WatertowerflushingW——水塔（箱）容積，m3

W——Volumeofwatertower(tank),m3F——單格濾池面積，m2

F——singlecellfilterarea,m2t——沖洗歷時(shí)，min

t——Flushingduration,minq——反沖洗強(qiáng)度，L/s·m2

q——Backwashintensity,L/s·m2沖洗水塔（箱）

FlushingWaterTower(Tank)水塔（箱）容積：

VolumeofWaterTower(Tank):單格濾池所需沖洗水量1.5倍

1.5timesflushingwatervolumerequiredforsinglecellfilterW=1.5qFt×60/1000=0.09Fqt（m3）

W=1.5qFt×60/1000=0.09Fqt(m3)水塔

Watertower濾池沖洗水的供給方式

SupplyofFlushingWaterforFilters

濾池Filter濾池沖洗水的供給方式

SupplyofFlushingWaterforFilters配水系統(tǒng)

Waterdistributionsystem水塔沖洗

Watertowerflushing沖洗水塔（箱）

FlushingWaterTower(Tank)水塔（箱）底高出濾池沖洗排水槽頂高度H

Theheightofthebottomofthewatertower(tank)abovethetopoftheflushingdrainagetroughofthefilterHH0=h1+h2+h3+h4+h5(m)水塔

Watertower

濾池Filter06濾池排水系統(tǒng)

Water

drainage

system

for

filter沖洗水的排水系統(tǒng)

Drainageofflushingwater濾池的反沖洗

BackWashingofFilter沖洗排水槽

Washwatergutter集水渠

Collectionchannel廢水槽

WastewatertankV型濾池排水槽

Vfilterdrainagetank普通快濾池進(jìn)水槽

Generalfastfilterinlettank濾池排水系統(tǒng)

FilterDrainageSystem沖洗廢水的排出

Dischargeofrinsedwastewater濾池排水系統(tǒng)

FilterDrainageSystem濾池的反沖洗

BackWashingofFilter沖洗排水槽：

Flushingdrainagetrough沖洗廢水應(yīng)自由跌落入沖洗排水槽。

Rinsedwastewatershallfallfreelyintotheflushingdrainagetrough.沖洗排水槽內(nèi)的廢水，應(yīng)自由跌落進(jìn)入廢水渠，為此，廢水渠水面應(yīng)較排水槽為低。

Thewastewaterintheflushingdrainagetroughshallfallfreelyintothewastechannelforthispurpose,thewatersurfaceofthewastewaterchannelshallbelowerthanthatofthedrainagetrough.單位槽長的溢入流量應(yīng)相等

Theoverflowpertanklengthshouldbeequal沖洗排水槽在水平面上的總面積一般不大于濾池面積的25%。

Thetotalareaoftheflushingdrainagetroughonthehorizontalplaneistypicallynotmorethan25%ofthefilterarea.槽與槽中心間距一般為1.5-2.0m。

Thetypicalcenter-to-centerspacingbetweentroughsis1.5-2.0m.沖洗排水槽高度要適當(dāng)。

Flushthedrainagetroughtoaproperheight.廢水渠

Wastewaterchannel濾池排水系統(tǒng)

FilterDrainageSystem濾池的反沖洗

BackWashingofFilter廢水渠

Wastewaterchannel為矩形斷面，沿濾池池壁一側(cè)布置。當(dāng)濾池面積很大時(shí)，為使排水均勻，廢水渠也可布置在濾池中間。

Itisarectangularsectionandarrangedalongonesideofthefilterwall.Whenthefilterislarge,thewastewaterchannelcanalsobearrangedinthemiddleofthefiltertoensureuniformdrainage.反沖洗廢水和污泥的回收

Recoveryofbackwashwastewaterandsludge濾池排水系統(tǒng)

FilterDrainageSystem濾池的反沖洗

BackWashingofFilter國家《水污染防治行動(dòng)計(jì)劃

》，簡稱“水十條”

NationalActionPlanforPreventionandControlofWaterPollution,referredtoas"TenArticlesonWater"水處理設(shè)施產(chǎn)生的污泥應(yīng)進(jìn)行穩(wěn)定化、無害化和資源化處理處置，并禁止處理處置不達(dá)標(biāo)的污泥進(jìn)入耕地，保障污泥的全量安全處置，處理過程和處置環(huán)節(jié)不會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生二次污染。

Thesludgeproducedbywatertreatmentfacilitiesshallbestabilized,harmless,andrecycled,andthesludgethatdoesnotmeetthetreatmentstandardsshallbeprohibitedfromenteringthecultivatedland,soastoensurethesafedisposalofthesludgeinfullamount.Thetreatmentprocessandlinkswillnotcausesecondarypollutiontotheenvironment.工作目標(biāo)

Workobjective到2020年

By2020到2030年

By2030到本世紀(jì)中葉

Bythemiddleofthiscentury全國水環(huán)境質(zhì)量得到階段性改善

PeriodicalimprovementofwaterenvironmentqualityinChina日前國務(wù)院印發(fā)

RecentlytheStateCouncilissued《水污染防治行動(dòng)劃》

ActionPlanforWaterPollutionPreventionandControl措施

Measures一

I二

II三

III四

IV五

V六

VI七

VII八

VIII九

IX十

X全面控制污染物排放

Comprehensivecontrolofpollutantemissions推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)

Promoterestructuringandupgradingofeconomy著力節(jié)約保護(hù)水源

Focusonsavingandprotectingwatersources.強(qiáng)化科技支撐

Strengthenscientificandtechnologicalsupport充分發(fā)揮市場機(jī)制作用

Givefullplaytotheroleofmarketmechanism嚴(yán)格環(huán)境執(zhí)法監(jiān)管

Strictenvironmentallawenforcementsupervision切實(shí)加強(qiáng)水環(huán)境管理

Strengthenwaterenvironmentmanagementpractically全力保障水生態(tài)環(huán)境安全

Makeeveryefforttoensurethesafetyofwaterecologicalenvironment明確和落實(shí)各方責(zé)任

Clarifytheresponsibilitiesofallparties強(qiáng)化公眾參與和社會(huì)監(jiān)督

Strengthenpublicparticipationandsocialsupervision.生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量全面改善生態(tài)系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)良性循環(huán)

Improvingthequalityofecologicalenvironmentinanall-roundwayandrealizeavirtuouscircleofecologicalsystem.力爭全國水環(huán)境質(zhì)量總體改善水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能初步恢復(fù)

Strivingfortheoverallimprovementofnationalwaterenvironmentqualityandtheinitialrestorationofwaterecosystemfunction.反沖洗廢水和污泥的回收

Recoveryofbackwashwastewaterandsludge濾池排水系統(tǒng)

FilterDrainageSystem濾池的反沖洗

BackWashingofFilter濾池反沖洗廢水回收及排泥系統(tǒng)，對(duì)水處理過程的排泥水及生產(chǎn)廢水進(jìn)行回收處理，可實(shí)現(xiàn)廢水零排放，符合水環(huán)境生態(tài)保護(hù)的宗旨。

Thefilterbackwashwastewaterrecoveryandsludgedischargesystemcanrecoverandtreatthesludgewaterandproductionwastewaterduringthewatertreatmentprocess,whichcanrealizezerodisch