Unit3單元語法解析與訓(xùn)練課件人教版八年級英語下冊

Unit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?語法解析與訓(xùn)練一、情態(tài)動詞could的用法1.禮貌請求（提出請求或征求許可）句型結(jié)構(gòu)：

※Couldyou(please)+動詞原形+其他？（委婉請求對方做某事）例如：Couldyoupleasetakeouttherubbish?

Couldyoupleasetakethedogforawalk?Couldyouplease(not)do...?※

CouldI+動詞原形+其他？（征求對方允許）例如：CouldIuseyourphone?

CouldIgooutfordinnerwithmyfriends?CouldI/wedo...?

回答方式：肯定回答：Yes,youcan./Sure./Ofcourse

/Certainly./OK./Noproblem.等（需用can而非could）否定回答：Sorry./Certainlynot./I‘mafraidIcan’t./No,youcan‘t等.+說明理由例如：-Couldyouopenthewindows?你能打開窗戶嗎?-Sorry,butIhaveacold.抱歉-Couldyoupleasetakeouttherubbish?-OK-CouldIuseyourphone?–Sorry，itisbroken2.表示過去的能力情態(tài)動詞could作為can的過去式時，表示過去的能力和可能性，其否定形式為couldnot，可縮寫為couldn't.例如：Hecouldwritepoemswhenhewas10.Judycouldn'thaveenoughmoneytobuyacar.Hecouldswimwhenhewasfive.3.表示推測（可能性較低）推測現(xiàn)在或過去的可能性，語氣比can更弱。例如：Hecouldbeathomenow.※與can的區(qū)分can用于直接請求或表示當前能力，could更委婉回答could的請求時需用can/can’t，不能用could。易錯點提示：1.對提出請求或征詢許可的句型做否定回答時，通常以sorry或I'msorry開頭。例如：-CouldyouhelpmewithmyEnglishnow?-I'msorry,butIhaveafootballmatchtenminuteslater.2.如果問句中使用could，回答時要用can或can't，不能用could或couldn't。例如：-CouldIuseyourbike?-Sure,youcan.-Couldyoupassmethesalt?

—Yes,Ican.（正確）—

Yes,Icould.（錯誤）3.否定請求結(jié)構(gòu)：Couldyoupleasenot+動詞原形？例如：Couldyoupleasenotshout?【延伸知識】其他常見的表示委婉請求或征詢許可的句型:(1)Will/Wouldyoupleasedo...?表示請你做……好嗎?(2)Wouldyoumind(not)doing......?表示“你介意(不)做……嗎?”(3)MayI……?表示“我可以……嗎?”練習(xí)題

用can/could/can’t/couldn’t填空He______singanddance.Heisverytalented.2.—______youpleasehelpmewiththedishes?—Yes,I______.3.Hesaidhe______cometotheparty.Iwasdisappointed.4.—______sheswimattheageof6?—No,she______.答案：1.can2.Could;can3.couldn’t4.Could;couldn’t單項選擇1.—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?—______.A.Yes,youcouldB.No,youcouldn’tC.Sure,hereyouareD.Never**答案：C**2.—Couldyoupleasenotopenthewindow?—______.A.Sorry,Iwon’tB.No,Icouldn’tC.Yes,pleaseD.Ofcourse**答案：A**3.—Wouldyoumindmysmokinghere?—_____.Can'tyouseethesignNosmoking?A.OfcoursenotB.NoC.NevermindD.You'dbetternot答案：1.C2.A3.D4.-Couldyourideabikewhenyouwere5yearsold?-___.ButIcouldsingsomesongs.A.No,Ican't.B.No,Icouldn't.C.Yes,Ican.D.Yes,Icould.5.-Paul,couldyouplease__theTV?Jimissleepingnow.-Sorry.I'lldoitrightnow.A.turnupB.turningupC.turndownD.turningdown6.Attheageoffive,Allen__tellsomefamousChinesestories.CouldB.MustC.needD.Might答案：4.B5.C6.A7.-Wouldyoumind___thewindow?It'sveryhot.-No,notatall.A.OpenB.toopenC.openingD.opens8.-Couldyoulendmethebookyouboughtlastweek?-___.A.Yes,hereyouareB.No,Ican'tlendC.It’snotinterestingD.Agoodidea9.---Couldyoupleasebuy___drinksandsnacks?---Sorry.Idon'thave_____money.A.some,anB.any,anyC.some,someD.any,some答案：7.C8.A9.A10.---Couldyouhelpmewiththemathproblem?_____.I'mtoobusynow.A.Yes,pleaseB.No,sureC.Yes,youcouldD.Sorry,Ican't11.-CouldIborrowyourcar?-___,Ineedit.I_gotoschool.A.Certainly;don'tB.Sorry;havetoC.Certainly;don'thavetoD.Sure;haveto12.-CouldIuseyourbike?-Yes,ofcourseyou__.A.CanB.couldC.mustD.will答案：10.D11.B12.A13.--Couldyoufinishthetaskintwodays?-__.Ihavesomethingelsetodothesedays.A.IcouldnotB.Yes,IthinksoC.I'mafraidsoD.I'mafraidnot14.---Lily,couldyouhelptofeedmycatwhileI'maway?___.A.No,Idon'tB.Yes,IwillC.No,Imustn'tD.Yes,Imust15.-CouldIborrowyourcamera?-_______,butpleasegiveitbackbySaturday.A.IamsorryB.OfcourseC.CertainlynotD.No,thanks答案：13.D14.B15.B16.-Couldyoupleasewashthefruit?-_A__.IcutmyfingerandI'mtryingnottogetitwet.A.No,Ican'tB.Yes,sureC.No,youcan'tD.Yes,youcan17.Here’ssomuchrubbish.Couldyouplease__D__?A.giveoutitB.giveitoutC.takeoutitD.takeitout18.Kim___B__playtheviolinfiveyearsago,butnowhecanplayitwell.mustn'tB.couldn'tC.needn'tD.shouldn't答案：16.A17.D18.B19.-Sir,couldyoupleaseputoutyourcigarette(香煙)?Thisisasmoke-free(無煙的)school.-_A.I'msorryaboutthis.B.Noproblem.C.Sure,I'dlovetoD.Nevermind.20.-CouldIborrowthebook?____,thatwouldbeOK.Ifinishedreadingityesterday.A.ThankyouB.I'msorryC.NevermindD.Ofcourse答案：19.A20.D本單元涉及到的其他語法項目（簡單介紹）1.assoonas引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句assoonas表示一……就……，用于連接兩個動作，強調(diào)后一個動作緊跟前一個動作發(fā)生。

它引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句，需注意主句和從句的時態(tài)搭配。用法詳解1）.時態(tài)規(guī)則：如果主句用一般將來時（willdo），則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時（do/does）表示將來的動作。

例如：

IwillcallyouassoonasIgethome.（我一到家就會給你打電話。）

-Shewillsendmethereportassoonasshefinishesit.（她一完成報告就會發(fā)給我。）2.）主句和從句動作的先后順序

從句動作（由assoonas引導(dǎo)）先發(fā)生，主句動作隨后立即發(fā)生。

例如：Assoonastherainstops,wewillgoout.（雨一停，我們就出去。）

Heturnedoffthelightassoonashelefttheroom.（他一離開房間就關(guān)了燈。）如果主句是過去時態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實際情況用過去的某種時態(tài)3）從句位置的靈活性assoonas從句可放在主句前或后，放在句首時需加逗號。

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例如：Assoonasthebellrings,theclassbegins.（鈴聲一響，課就要開始了。）

Theclassbeginsassoonasthebellrings.（課在鈴聲一響就開始。）易錯點與注意事項時態(tài)一致性錯誤

錯誤：Iwilltellhimthenewsassoonashewillcomeback.

正確：Iwilltellhimthenewsassoonashecomesback.（他一回來，我就告訴他這個消息。）主句為祈使句的情況

句是祈使句時，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。

例如：

Pleaseclosethewindowassoonasyouleave.（離開時請立刻關(guān)窗。）練習(xí)

用assoonas合并句子：

Ifinishmyhomework.Iwillplaybasketball.答案：IwillplaybasketballassoonasIfinishmyhomework.翻譯句子：

媽媽一準備好晚餐，我們就吃飯。

答案：WewillhavedinnerassoonasMompreparesit.選擇題1.Nextmonthwe'regoingsomewhereinterestingassoonastheholiday___A.willbeginB.hasbegunC.beginsD.isbeginning答案：C.2.-Iwanttoknowifhe___backtomorrow.-I'llcallyouassoonashe.A.willcome;willreturnB.willcome;returnsC.comes;willreturnD.comes;returns3.Assoonasyou___home,giveacalltoletmeknowyou___safely.A.get;havearrivedB.willget;havearrivedC.get;willarriveD.willget;arearriving答案：2.B3.A2.neither引導(dǎo)倒裝句的結(jié)構(gòu)與用法基本結(jié)構(gòu)

Neither/Nor+be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語

用于表示前文提到的否定情況同樣適用于后文的主語，意……也不。

例如：

LiLeican’tdance.NeithercanTom.（李雷不會跳舞，湯姆也不會。）

Shehasn’tseenthatfilm.NeitherhaveI.（她沒看過那部電影，我也沒看過。）2.使用條件

前句為否定句，且后句主語與前句不同。

助動詞（如do、does、did等）、be動詞（am/is/are/was/were）或情態(tài)動詞（如can、must等）需與前句保持一致。

例如：

Tomdoesn’tlikebananas.Neitherdoeshiswife.（湯姆不喜歡香蕉，他妻子也不喜歡。）注意事項時態(tài)一致性：后句的動詞形式需與前句時態(tài)一致。

例如：

前句用一般過去時（didn’t），后句也用did：

Hedidn’tsmoke.N