七選五閱讀之邏輯關(guān)系解讀課件高三下學(xué)期英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)

分析邏輯關(guān)系，妙解“七選五”閱讀一篇文章往往是一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體，各部分之間存在著一定的聯(lián)系。英語(yǔ)行文離不開邏輯關(guān)系，一篇沒有邏輯的文章只能是一盤散沙。邏輯關(guān)系主要包括：并列關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、例證關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、解釋關(guān)系和總分關(guān)系等。[典題示例]

(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷節(jié)選)Fitness

Magazinerecentlyrananarticletitled“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartner.”O(jiān)nereasonwas:“You’llactuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthegym，”whileanotherread：“__36__”Withaworkoutpartner，youwillincreaseyourtrainingeffortasthereisasubtle(微妙)competition.類型1

并列關(guān)系A(chǔ).Yourfirstmeetingmaybealittleawkward.B.Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.C.You’llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.D.Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?E.Howcanyouwriteagood“seekingtrainingpartner”notice?F.Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheachother.G.Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuchinformation.√實(shí)戰(zhàn)應(yīng)用根據(jù)前文“Fitness

Magazinerecentlyrananarticletitled‘FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartner.’Onereasonwas：‘You’llactuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthegym’”可知，本空應(yīng)陳述另一個(gè)和別人一起鍛煉的理由。第一個(gè)理由是“You’ll...if...”的結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)句式一致原則，可優(yōu)先看選項(xiàng)C。解題關(guān)鍵設(shè)空處前后句之間是否含有并列的邏輯關(guān)系，可以通過表示并列關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞(組)來判斷，如and、first(ly)、second(ly)、then/next、tobeginwith、foronething、foranotherthing、finally/last等。[典題示例]

(2023·全國(guó)乙卷節(jié)選)Indoorplantsmightlookasiftheyjustsitaroundnotdoingmuch，butinmanywaystheyaretheunsungheroesofthehome.__36__，butstudieshaveshownthattheycanpromotepeople’swellbeingbyimprovingtheirmood(心情)，reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory.What’smore，indoorplantsareeasytolookafterandarenotveryexpensive.類型2

遞進(jìn)關(guān)系A(chǔ).AllplantsaredifferentB.NotonlydotheylookbeautifulC.TherearemanybenefitstogrowingplantsindoorsD.Instead，theygrowbetterinside，whereitiswarmerE.Plantslikepeaceliliesanddevil’sivyareamongthebestF.ChangingthepotofyourplantfromtimetotimewillalsohelpG.Learningabouttherequirementsofeachplantcanbeveryrewarding√實(shí)戰(zhàn)應(yīng)用根據(jù)下文“butstudieshaveshownthattheycanpromotepeople’swellbeingbyimprovingtheirmood(心情),reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory(但研究表明，它們可以通過改善情緒、減輕壓力和幫助增強(qiáng)記憶力來促進(jìn)人們的健康)”可知，此處與下文是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，構(gòu)成notonly...but...“不僅……而且……”結(jié)構(gòu)。由此可知答案。解題關(guān)鍵遞進(jìn)關(guān)系是前后句之間常見的邏輯關(guān)系。有時(shí)可以通過表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞(組)來判斷，如even、also、besides、inaddition、notonly...but(also)...、furthermore、additionally、plus、moreover、what’smore等。[典題示例]

(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷節(jié)選)ForwelloverahundredyearsthemostinfluentialEnglishdictionarywasSamuelJohnson’sDictionary

of

the

English

Languagepublishedin1755.“Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work，”wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof“dull”.__40__Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.類型3

轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系A(chǔ).Idon’toftenusethisdictionary.B.Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C.ButIstilldon’twanttoreplacethem.D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G.Dictionariesdon’talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.√實(shí)戰(zhàn)應(yīng)用上文“‘Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work，’wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof‘dull’”提到了編寫字典是件乏味的工作，下文“Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.”提到瀏覽字典也是一種有意義的體驗(yàn)，D選項(xiàng)是作者對(duì)字典的評(píng)價(jià)，與上文的“乏味”形成對(duì)比，與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。解題關(guān)鍵如果設(shè)空處前后兩句話之間是邏輯上的逆轉(zhuǎn)，則設(shè)空處很有可能是個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的句子。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連接詞(組)有：however、instead、but、nevertheless、nonetheless、though、yet、onthecontrary、bycontrast、bycomparison、conversely、otherwise等。[典題示例]

(2023·全國(guó)乙卷節(jié)選)Thereisalsoresearchshowingthatpotplantscancleantheairaroundthembyremovingharmfulgases，suchascarbondioxide.Theyalsoremovesomeharmfulchemicalsfrompaintsorcooking.__39__.類型4

例證關(guān)系A(chǔ).AllplantsaredifferentB.NotonlydotheylookbeautifulC.TherearemanybenefitstogrowingplantsindoorsD.Instead，theygrowbetterinside，whereitiswarmerE.Plantslikepeaceliliesanddevil’sivyareamongthebestF.ChangingthepotofyourplantfromtimetotimewillalsohelpG.Learningabouttherequirementsofeachplantcanbeveryrewarding√實(shí)戰(zhàn)應(yīng)用本題可以利用例證關(guān)系解題。根據(jù)上文“Thereisalsoresearchshowing...chemicalsfrompaintsorcooking.”可知，盆栽植物能夠清除有害物質(zhì)。由此可知，E項(xiàng)“Plantslikepeaceliliesanddevil’sivyareamongthebest(像和平百合和黃金葛之類的植物是最好的)”能夠承接上文，列舉了在這方面效果最好的植物，符合語(yǔ)境。解題關(guān)鍵設(shè)空處前后的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式具有多樣性，思維過程基本是歸納和推理。常見的表示例證關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞(組)有：like、suchas、forexample、forinstance、infact/asamatteroffact、actually、inotherwords/thatistosay等。[典題示例]

(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷節(jié)選)MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.__36__Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth－floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinthehallway.類型5

因果關(guān)系A(chǔ).Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive，insomeway，likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.√實(shí)戰(zhàn)應(yīng)用根據(jù)空后提示詞“So”可知設(shè)空處與下文是因果關(guān)系?？涨疤岬健拔液驼煞騽倓傇诎屠璐艘恢堋?，空后提到“所以，我們做的第一件事情就是花大價(jià)錢租了一個(gè)櫥柜大小、位于六層的公寓”。F項(xiàng)“我們的目的是看看自己能否在某種程度上像真正的巴黎人一樣生活?！笨梢詷?gòu)成下文租公寓的原因。解題關(guān)鍵設(shè)空處前后句之間是否含有因果的邏輯關(guān)系，可以通過一些關(guān)聯(lián)詞(組)來判斷，如why、because、since、nowthat、so、dueto、owingto、thanksto、asaresult、consequently、resultin、onaccountof、asaconsequence、therefore、thus、hence等。[典題示例]

(2021·全國(guó)甲卷節(jié)選)·Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom.__39__.Placeafewmirrorsaroundyourroomsopeoplecanseehowthingslookwhentheytrythemon.Oneofthegroundrulesoftheswapshouldbethateveryonemusttryontheclothesbeforetheytakethem—thingsalwayslookdifferentwhenyouputthemon.類型6

解釋關(guān)系A(chǔ).LesspeoplethanthatB.HoldaclothingswapC.IftwopeoplearecompetingD.JustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutE.DonatewhateverclothesareleftoverF.HaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspotsG.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition√實(shí)戰(zhàn)應(yīng)用空前提到“Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom.(在房間的不同區(qū)域放不同類型的衣服)”，那么設(shè)空處應(yīng)當(dāng)是對(duì)前文如何在不同區(qū)域放不同類型衣服的解釋，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Haveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspots(讓每個(gè)人都把衣服放在合適的位置)”是對(duì)前文的解釋和說明。解題關(guān)鍵從邏輯意義上來看，句子與句子之間常常是解釋關(guān)系，往往作者在提出觀點(diǎn)后，緊接著就會(huì)對(duì)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行解釋說明。表示解釋關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞(組)有：thatistosay、inotherwords等。因此，把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)，理清作者所表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)至關(guān)重要。[典題示例]

(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷節(jié)選)Theplacewasn’tentirelyauthentic，though.UnlikeanormalParisianapartment，theplumbing(水管)worked.__37__Ourbuildingevenhadatinyliftwithafemalevoicethatsaid，“Ouverture

des

portes，”inperfectFrench.ThatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered，andit’sashameIdon’thavemuchuseforit