Unit 4 Space Exploration Reading and Thinking 語言點(diǎn) 必修第三冊

ListeningandSpeaking—ReadingandThinkingLanguage

pointsrequirementn．必要條件；所需的東西

meet/fulfill/satisfytherequirements符合/滿足必備的條件Pilotsandtheiraircraftsmustmeetstrictsafetyrequirements.

requirevt.需要;要求

①requiresb.todosth.要求某人做某事

Truemarriagerequiresustoshowtrustandloyalty.②requiredoing/tobedone需要被做Thesetreesaresoyoungthattheyrequirelookingafter/tobelookedaftercarefully.

③requirethat...(should)dosth.要求……做某事Thesituationrequiredthathe(should)bepresent.curious

adj.好奇的;求知欲強(qiáng)的havingastrongdesiretoknowaboutsth.:

becurioustodosth.好奇做某事Iwascurioustofindoutwhatshehadsaid.becuriousaboutsth.對……感到好奇Theywereverycuriousaboutthepeoplewholivedupstairs.adj.稀奇古怪；奇特；不尋常strangeandunusual:Itwasacuriousfeeling,asthoughwewerefloatingonair.Itwascuriousthatshedidn’ttellanyone.奇怪/稀奇的是……派生詞curiouslyadv.好奇地；求知欲強(qiáng)地curiosityn．好奇心；好奇withcuriosity好奇地outofcuriosity出于好奇Yourattitudedetermines

youraltitude.你的態(tài)度決定你的高度。determine和decide在程度上和正式上有區(qū)別

“decide”

①在表示“決定”的時候，指經(jīng)過仔細(xì)考慮后“做決定”。Thecourseisnotreallymything,soI’vedecidednottotakeit.

那門課并不適合我，所以我決定不去上了。②在通常情況下，需要做出選擇的時候，我們用“decide”。在餐廳吃飯的時候，服務(wù)人員會問是不是準(zhǔn)備好了要點(diǎn)餐。這時，如果我們還在猶豫，沒想好到底要選擇哪道菜，我們就可以使用“decide”來表示我還沒“決定好”——Sorry,Ihaven’tdecided.

“determine”在表示“決定”的時候主要有兩個用法。①它可以指“影響、決定”一件事情的結(jié)果。②還可以表示“下決心做一件事”。它強(qiáng)調(diào)一個人在已知自己要做什么事情的前提下，下定決心去做這件事。I’mdeterminedtolearntodrive.

我下決心一定要學(xué)會開車。

vt

確定；查明(establish)：Investigatorsarestilltryingtodeterminewhatcausedthefire.

vt支配；影響：Itisyourefforts,notyourintelligencethatdetermineyoursuccess.

Demanddeterminessupply.vt&vi決定；決心todecidefirmly：determine

todosth.

決定做某事IdeterminetomakemoreeffortstoimprovemyEnglish.determinethat…決定……Shedeterminedthatnothingshouldbechangedinherreport.determineonsth.決定某事Wedeterminedonanearlystart.determinev

[正式用語]分詞形容詞determinedadj

有決心的；意志堅(jiān)定的：Myfatherwasdeterminedthatnoneofhischildrenwouldbedeniedaneducation.(be)determinedtodosth:Scientistsweredeterminedtorealizethatdream.

堅(jiān)決的；堅(jiān)定的：Shegavemeadeterminedlook—thekindthatsaidshewouldn’tchangehermind.過去分詞形式的形容詞，如puzzled,

confused,

frightened,

excited,

surprised等除了可以用來描述人的心理活動以外，還可以用來修飾與人有關(guān)的一些名詞，如voice,

smile,

expression,

face等。determination

n

[U]決定；決心；果斷【溫故】（必修一Unit3）carryouttheplanwithdetermination

堅(jiān)決執(zhí)行計(jì)劃determinationtodosth.做某事的決心Theimportantthinginlifeistohaveagreataim,andthedeterminationto

attainit.一、在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.She’ssuretogetthejobshewants–she’savery___________(determine)person.2.Janewasdeterminednot___________(go)againstherfather’swishesandaccepthisadvice.3.Heisanexcellentlawyerwithagoodbrainand______________(determine)toachieve.

4.Blackholescannotbeseendirectly,so___________(determine)thenumberofthemisverydifficult.determinedtogodeterminationdetermining二、根據(jù)所給提示，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。Itisnotwhatyouaregivenbuthowyoumakeuseofitthat_______________________（決定你是誰）.

2.Realizingthathehaswastedtoomuchtime,theboy_________________________________（決心停止玩游戲）.3.Ifwe___________________________________（有勇氣和決心）,wewillfinallygetthesunshinewewant.determineswhoyouareisdeterminedtostopplayinggameshavethecourageanddeterminationdesire詞源：fromthestars（星辰）。古代的占星術(shù)是通過星辰移位來推測世事變遷，期望星辰按理想的狀態(tài)運(yùn)行，引申為“渴望”。

n[C]&[U]渴望；欲望：haveastrongdesiretodosth./forsth.迫切要做某事/急于得到某物Iaminspiredbyhercourageandstrongdesiretosucceed.Shehadlittledesireforpower.satisfyone’sdesiretodosth.滿足做某事的欲望Readingsatisfiesmydesiretokeeplearning.Confuciusoncesaid,“AtseventyIcanfollowmyheart’sdesire.”

vt［不用于進(jìn)行時］［正式用語］渴望；期望：Heistrulyrichwhodesiresnothing.desiretodosth:

Hedesiredtowinthegame.desirethat...(should)dosth.渴望……(應(yīng)該)做某事Hedesiresthathisbook(should)reachasmanypeopleaspossible.desired

adj.渴望的;想得到的thatiswanted:Hiswordshadthedesiredeffect.desirable

adj［正式用語］值得做的；值得擁有的；理想的thatyouwouldliketohaveordo;worthhavingordoing：Itisdesirablethatinterestratesshouldbereduced.利率下調(diào)是可取的。類似：一個“堅(jiān)持”(insist)；

兩道“命令”(order，command)；

四條“建議”(suggest，propose，advise，recommend)；

五點(diǎn)“要求”(demand，desire，request，require，urge)。辨析desire,wish,want,hope四者都含有“想”“希望”之意。desire較正式，可代替wish和want，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀愿望的熱切，有“渴盼”的意思?！馠egotthebookhedesired.wish

語氣比desire弱，一般用于難以實(shí)現(xiàn)或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀愿望，有“希望、愿、想”之意?！馡wishIcouldhaveanewcar.want多用于口語和普通場合，有“想、要、需要”之意?！馎llIwantisthetruth.hope

表示主觀愿望，后面如果接to不定式，表示“更有信心的希望”。通常相信它是可能的，是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的?！馡hopetogetajobwithinthenexttwoweeks.一、在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Fromtheearliestages,childrendesire_________(help)others,toshareinformationandtoworktogethertoachievecommongoals.二、翻譯句子。1.她對權(quán)力沒有什么欲望。__________________________________________________________2.閱讀滿足了我想繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)的強(qiáng)烈渴望。__________________________________________________________desiretohelp

Shehadlittledesireforpower.Readingsatisfiesmystrongdesiretokeeplearning.

carryonThisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingon

spaceexplorationdespitehugerisks.1.CarryonwithyourworkwhileI’mout.Afterherhusband’sdeath,shecarriedonmanagingthehotel.2.Wearedeterminedtocarrythroughallourwork.3.Itrynottoletmyproblemsathomecarryoverintomywork.4.Weshouldcarryouttheplantothefull.5.Thesmelloftheseacarriedherback

toherchildhood.繼續(xù)做；堅(jiān)持干carryonwithsth.繼續(xù)某事carryondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事①成功完成，順利實(shí)現(xiàn)②幫助…渡過難關(guān)③履行（承諾）(使)繼續(xù)下去，(使)延伸實(shí)施；執(zhí)行使回想起；使回憶1.Threestudentswerechosentocarry_____theexperiment.2.It’sadifficultjobbutshe’sthepersontocarryit________.3.Attitudeslearnedathomecancarry____intoschool.1.Herbravestoryhasgivenmethewillto____________________(繼續(xù)我的工作).2.You’llhaveanaccidentifyou_______________________(繼續(xù)像那樣開車).outthroughovercarryonwithmyworkcarryondrivinglikethatsignaltrafficsignals交通信號燈adangersignal危險信號signal手機(jī)信號

n[C]信號；暗號，預(yù)示(sign)；信號燈：asignalforsb.todosth.某人做某事的信號Thiswasasignalforhimtocontinue.digitalTVsignals數(shù)字電視信號

vi&vt發(fā)信號；示意；signal(to)sb.todosth.示意某人做某事Hesignalledtoustojoinhim.signal[(to)sb.]that...示意(某人)……Shesignalled(that)itwastimetoleave.

vt

表明；標(biāo)志著：ThissignalledonestepfurtherinChina’splantoestablishaspacestationinthefuture.signal：sign(mark記號)+-al(名詞后綴)→信號；暗號sign同族詞signsignaln信號；暗號signature

n署名；簽名signify

v表示；說明；預(yù)示……significance

n.重要性；（意義）重大significant

adj.重要的；顯著的signal寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Inourclass,whenthebellrangandtheteacherclosedhisbook,itwasasignalforeveryonetostandup.

_________________2.Thetrafficonthemainstreetshasalongergreensignalthanthatonthesmallones.

_________________3.Inordernottobeheard,shepointedherfingerupwardstosignalthatsomeonewasmovingaboutupstairs.

_________________4.Hehas,byquittingthejob,signalledhisunhappinesswiththegovernment’sdecision. _________________信號示意信號燈表明launch2020年11月24日4時30分，我國在中國文昌航天發(fā)射場，用長征五號遙五運(yùn)載火箭成功發(fā)射探月工程嫦娥五號探測器（ChinalaunchedtheChang’e5lunarprobeattheWenchangSpacecraftLaunchSite,aboardtheheavy-liftcarrierrocketLongMarch-5）。12月17日，嫦娥五號返回艙安全著陸，帶回了近2公斤的月球樣品，首次實(shí)現(xiàn)了我國地外天體采樣返回。據(jù)詞源考證，launch來自

lance“長矛”，原指“擲出長矛”，詞源義及基本義為“投擲”。launchvt

使（船）下水；發(fā)射：TheShenzhou-14mannedspaceshipwaslaunchedintospaceonJune5,2022.

發(fā)動；創(chuàng)辦tostartsthbigorimportant：Hedecidedtolaunchanewbrandofsportswear,competingwithglobalgiantslikeNikeandAdidas.

把……投放市場

tomakeanewproductavailableforsaleforthefirsttime：Theyheldaspecialpartytolaunchthenewbook.n[C][常用單數(shù)]發(fā)射；（新產(chǎn)品的）投放市場；（新書的）發(fā)行：thelaunchofthefirstartificialsatellite第一顆人造衛(wèi)星的發(fā)射launch語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖“投擲”船或火箭使（船）下水；發(fā)射把……投放市場發(fā)射v把產(chǎn)品“投擲”到市場“投擲”活動等發(fā)動；創(chuàng)辦n發(fā)起投擲launch（基本義）（新產(chǎn)品的）投放市場；（新書的）發(fā)行disappointvt

使失望：disappointsb’sexpectations

I’msorrytodisappointyou,butIcan’tcomeafterall.disappointeddisappointed是disappoint的過去分詞形容詞。disappoint：dis-(not不、非、使相反)+appoint(指定、任命)→沒有指定、任命→使失望disappointedadj

失望的；沮喪的：Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.①(be)disappointedat/about/withsth：Shelefttherestaurant,disappointed

withthebadservice.②

(be)disappointedwith/insb：I’m

disappointedinyou—IreallythoughtIcouldtrustyou!③(be)disappointedtodosth：Weweredeeply/terriblydisappointedtofindthemuseumwasclosed.④

(be)disappointed+(that)從句：Mymothersaiditwasagreatday,butshewasjustalittledisappointedthatitdidn’tlastatinybitlonger.2009湖北disappointingadj令人失望的；令人掃興的：adisappointingexamresult表示人的感受的分詞形容詞表示人/物給人帶來的感受的分詞形容詞課文disappointmentn

[U]失望；沮喪：Shecouldn’thideherdisappointmentwhenhedidn’tturnup.Iknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointmentweweredefeated.

[C]令人失望的人；令人掃興的事情：Theperformancewasabigdisappointmenttous.詞族：disappoint,disappointed,disappointing,disappointment抽象名詞具體化類似“toone’s+情感類抽象名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)有：toone’ssurprise/relief等合成名詞說出下列合成名詞的漢語釋義。space+walk→spacewalkn_______________space+craft→spacecraftn_______________man+kind→mankindn_______________smart+phone→smartphonen_______________heart+break→heartbreakn_______________earth+quake→earthquaken_______________fire+work→fireworkn_______________chair+man→chairmann_______________太空行走航天器；宇宙飛船人類智能手機(jī)心碎；悲傷地震煙火；煙花主席；董事長近、現(xiàn)代英語中有大量的合成名詞，其意思可以通過構(gòu)成該合成詞的單個詞的意思推導(dǎo)出來。分詞形容詞用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式完成下列詞塊，體會分詞形容詞。1.意志堅(jiān)定的人a______________(determine)person2.老牌公司an

______________(establish)company3.高級學(xué)習(xí)者_(dá)_____________(advance)learners4.人口老齡化a(n)______________(age)population5.褪去的顏色______________(fade)colour6.破壞性的影響the______________(damage)effects7.退休醫(yī)生a______________(retire)doctorretiredestablishedfadedadvancedag(e)ingdamagingdetermined很多動詞的-ed形式和-ing形式已經(jīng)成為獨(dú)立詞條，稱作分詞形容詞。其中有一類分詞形容詞，如動詞的___________形式表示動作已完成；動詞的___________形式表示動作正在進(jìn)行。-ed-ing合成形容詞說出下列合成形容詞的漢語釋義。out+going→outgoingadj_______________best+selling→bestsellingadj_______________good+looking→good-lookingadj_______________hard+working→hard-workingadj_______________out+standing→outstandingadj_______________easy+going→easy-goingadj_______________on+going→ongoingadj_______________in+coming→incomingadj_______________外向的暢銷的好看的/漂亮的工作努力的優(yōu)秀的/杰出的隨和的持續(xù)進(jìn)行的（短信、郵件等）進(jìn)來的“形容詞/副詞+動詞-ing”可構(gòu)成合成形容詞?！靶稳菰~+動詞-ing形式”類合成形容詞實(shí)際上是由系表結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化而來的；“副詞+動詞-ing”類合成形容詞往往是由“不及物動詞+副詞”轉(zhuǎn)化而來的。一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Oursocialpositionsdeterminethewaywearedressed.__________

2.Itisdifficulttodeterminetheexactcauseoftheillness.__________3.Thedateofthecourtcasehasnotyetbeendetermined.__________

4.HowhardtheswimmersworknowwilldeterminehowtheyperformintheOlympics. __________

決定決定確定確定determine&determined寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Theyplantolaunchtherocketnextyear.___________2.Theorganisationhas

launchedacampaigntoraise$150,000.