高考英語 閱讀理解話題練3 閱讀理解(科普知識類)＋閱讀七選五

閱讀理解話題練3閱讀理解（科普知識類）+閱

讀七選五

時間：40分鐘滿分：40分

閱讀理解A（2017?蕪湖三模）體裁：說明文話題：科普知識

難度：★★☆☆☆

Ascientistbelieveshehasdiscoveredadirectlinkbetweenpeople's

favouritesleepingpositionandtheirpersonality.ProfessorChris

Idzikowskihasdescribedsixdifferentpositionsandwhateachonesays

aboutaperson'scharacter.Theprofessor,whodidtheresearchforahotel

group,said,“Weareallawareofourbodylanguagewhenweareawake

butthisisthefirsttimewehavebeenabletoseewhatourpositionsays

aboutuswhenweareasleep."Atthemoment,ProfessorIdzikowskiis

tryingtosleepinayogapositionthatinvolvescrossingyourlegsaround

yourneck.Hesaysthereisnoperfectpositionforsleeping.

1.THESTARFISH

“Starfish“sleepflatontheirbackwiththeirarmsraised.Theyare

goodlistenerswhomakefriendseasilybutdonotliketobethecentreof

theattention.

2.THEYEARNER

“Yeamers“sleepontheirsidewiththeirarmsraised.Theyare

doubtfulandhaveaverysensibleapproachtolife.

3.THEFOETUS

Themostpopularposition,particularlyamongwomen.Theysleep

curled（蜷縮）upontheirside,holdingontothepillow.Theyappeartobe

toughbutareactuallysensitiveandshy.

4.THEFREEFALLER

Only6.5%ofpeopleprefertosleepontheirfront,makingthisthe

leastpopularsleepingposition."Freefiallers“seemveryconfident,

althoughthishidesanervouspersonality.

5.THELOG

The"log"positionissimilartothe“yeamer“butwitharmsbythe

sides.“Logs"areeasy-goingandsociable,butcanbeseenastoo

gullible,,easilytobevictims.

6.THESOLDIER

“Soldiers"，whosleepontheirbackwiththeirarmsbytheirsides,

arequietandreserved.Theysethighstandardsforthemselvesanddonot

likenoisysocialsituations.

【語篇解讀】文章介紹了不同的睡眠姿勢所體現(xiàn)出來的不同性

格。

詞匯小得①sociableW.友善的；好交際的；②involves.包括；

③sensitiveQ切?.敏感的；④victim受害者

1.Whichofthefollowingsayingsaboutthesleepingpositionis

TRUE?

A.”Starfish“l(fā)iketobethefocusoftheattention.

B.”Yearners“sleepontheirbackwiththeirarmsraised.

C.”Foetus“seemtobestrongbutsensitive.

D.“Soldiers“sleepontheirsidewiththeirarmsbytheirsides.

答案與解析C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“Themostpopular

position...Theyappeartobetoughbutareactuallysensitiveandshy”可

知，采用FOETUS姿勢睡眠的人，貌似很堅強(qiáng)，實際J-他們非常敏

感、害羞。故C項正確。

2.Whichsleepingpositionsuggestsaseeminglyconfidentbut

nervouspersonality?

A.“Starfish”.B.uFreefaller,\

C.“Log”.D.“Soldier”.

答案與解析B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段中的“"Freefallers,

seemveryconfident,althoughthishidesanervouspersonality.,,可知，

Freefallers看似很自信，但實際上，他們非常緊張。故B項正確。

3.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1?

A.People'ssleepingpositiondeterminestheirpersonality.

B.Peopledon'tknowtheirbodylanguagewhenawake.

C.Theyogasleepingpositionisthebestone.

D.ProfessorIdzikowskishowsagreatinterestinsleepingpositions.

答案與解析D推理判斷題。由第一段第二句和第三句可知，

Idzikowski教授對人的睡眠姿勢和性格之間的聯(lián)系進(jìn)行了調(diào)查研究,

由此可推知，他對人們的睡眠姿勢很感興趣。故D項正確。

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gullible“meaninParagraph6?

A.Easilytricked.B.Easilyapproached.

C.Easilysatisfied.D.Easilyannoyed.

答案與解析A詞義猜測題。由畫線詞所在句句意可知，“Logs”

很容易相處，很隨和，但是，他們很容易成為受害者。故該畫線單詞

應(yīng)表貶義，故A項切題：“Logs”很容易受騙，成為受害者。

錯解分析在第四小題中，首先搞清每個選項的意思（A：容易被

欺騙；B：容易被接近；C：容易滿足；D：容易生氣）。其次在該句

中，but這個轉(zhuǎn)折詞很關(guān)鍵，but前面描述的是“Logs”很容易相處，很

隨和，這是對“Logs”正面的描述，很明顯，but后面的描述應(yīng)該和前

面相反，再結(jié)合victims,就可推知Logs很容易被騙，成為受害者。

該題的難點在于“victim”這個詞，很多同學(xué)可能不認(rèn)識，從而產(chǎn)生錯

誤理解。

閱讀理解B（2017?唐山三模）體裁：說明文話題：科普知識

難度：★★★☆☆

Nexttimeyouneeddirections,maybeyoucanaskanant.These

littlecreaturesaresuchmastersofnavigation（導(dǎo)航）thatsomecanfind

theirwayhomewhetherthey'rewalkingforwardorbackward,according

toastudyinCurrentBiology.

Antsoftentravellongtobringbackthefoodtotheirnests.Buthow

dotheyknowwherethey'regoing?

ResearcherswenttoSpaintomesswithsomedesertants.They

foundanactivenestandsunoundeditwithbarriersthatforcedthe

foraging（搜尋）antstofollowaparticularpathbackhome.Oncetheants

werefamiliarwiththemaze,theresearcherswouldtakethemup,hand

thempiecesofacookieandthenputthembackinadifferentlocation,

onethatrequiredtakinga90degreeturntogettothenest.

沿著正確的方向走”可知，螞蟻停下來看風(fēng)景是為了確認(rèn)自己的方向

是正確的。

7.Accordingtothepassage,whatprobablyhelpstheantsfindtheir

wayhome?

A.Thepositionofthesun.B.Oneparticularpath.

C.A90degreeturn.D.Piecesofacookie.

答案與解析A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“螞蟻利用空

中的線索，如太陽的位置幫助自己回到正軌”可知選項A正確。

8.Wheredoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?

A.Anadventurenovel.B.Ageographytextbook.

C.Asciencemagazine.D.Atouristbrochure.

答案與解析C文章出處題。本文說明螞蟻具有整合信息找到

自己家的能力，與科學(xué)有關(guān)，故應(yīng)出自科學(xué)雜志。

閱讀理解C（2017?鄭州二模）體裁：說明文話題：科普知識

難度：★★★★☆

Areyousickofgoingtobedlateandwakinguptired?Thengrab

yourhikingbootsandatent.Anewstudysuggeststhatcampinginthe

greatoutdoorsforacoupleofdayscanresetyourbodyclockandhelp

yougetmoresleep.

Thebodyclockisaninternalsystemthattellsourbodieswhenit's

timetogotosleepandwhenit'stimetowakeup.Scientiststrackthis

clockbymeasuringtheamountofmelatonin（褪黑激素）circulatingina

person'sbloodatanygiventime.

Inahealthysleeper,melatoninlevelsriseafewhoursbefore

bedtime,stayhighthroughthenight,andthensettlebackdownwhenit's

timetowakeup.

Inourmodernsociety,however,mostofusstayupmanyhourspast

sunsetandwouldprobablysleepinmanyhoursaftersunriseifwecould.

Andthetroubleisthatyourmelatoninlevelsmaystillbehighwhenyour

alarmclockgoesoffinthemorning,whichleadstofatigue.Itmayalso

haveotherhealthconsequencesaswell,suchasdiabetes（糖尿?。?

overweightandheandisease.

ProfessorKennethP.WrightJr.oftheUniversityofColoradointhe

U.S.wantedtoseeifourbodyclockscanberesetbyashortstayin

nature.Histeamrecruited（招募）fourteenphysicallyactivevolunteersin

their20sand30s.Ninewentonaweekendcampingtrip,whiletheother

fivestayedhome.Attheendoftheweekend,theresearchersreportedthat

injusttwodays,thecampers'bodyclocksshiftedsothattheir

melatoninlevelsbegantorisemorethananhourearlierthantheydid

beforetheywentonthetrip.Bycontrast,thebodyclocksofthegroup

thatstayedhomeshiftedevenlateroverthecourseoftheweekend.

“Thistellsuswecanresetourclocksfast,“Wrightsaid.

Therefore,ifyouwanttochangeyoursleeppatterns,youcouldtry

toincreaseyourexposuretonaturallightduringthedayanddecreasethe

amountofartificiallightyouseeatnight.Andifthatdoesn'twork,there's

alwayscamping.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。生物鐘的作用原理與褪黑激

素在人體中的水平變化相關(guān)?，F(xiàn)代社會中人們不按時作息常常導(dǎo)致褪

黑激素水平在早晨時還很高，導(dǎo)致疲勞，甚至是糖尿病、肥胖和心臟

病等。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)野外宿營可以讓作息不規(guī)律的人們的生物鐘恢復(fù)正

常。

詞匯小得?circulatev,循環(huán)；②artificial.人造的；③stayup

熬夜；④bycontrast相比之下

長難句分析Andthetroubleisthatyourmelatoninlevelsmaystill

behighwhenyouralarmclockgoesoffinthemorning,whichleadsto

fatigue.

分析：這是一個復(fù)合句。句中thatyourmelatoninlevelsmaystillbe

highwhenyouralarmclockgoesoffinthemorning為表語從句；句中

whichleadstofatigue為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。

譯文：麻煩的是，早晨當(dāng)你的鬧鐘響時，你體內(nèi)的褪黑激素水平

還是很高，這會導(dǎo)致疲勞。

背景知識褪黑素是一種誘導(dǎo)自然睡眠的激素。人體內(nèi)褪黑素的

分泌是有晝夜節(jié)律的c夜幕降臨后，光刺激減弱，合成褪黑素的酶類

活性增強(qiáng)，體內(nèi)褪黑素的分泌水平也相應(yīng)增高。

9.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeofwritingthepassage?

A.Toexplainhowalackofsleepisbadforourhealth.

B.Toinformusofapossiblewaytoadjustthebodyclock.

C.Toanalyzehowthebodyclockinfluencesoursleepinghabits.

D.Toexplorehowthebodyclockisconnectedwithmelatonin

levels.

答案與解析B寫作意圖題。通讀全文可知，第一段第三句“A

newstudysuggeststhatcampinginthegreatoutdoorsforacoupleof

dayscanresetyourbodyclockandhelpyougetmoresleep.”為文章主

旨句，據(jù)此可知，本文旨在告訴人們，野外宿營幾天可以調(diào)整人仃的

生物鐘，讓人們獲得更多的睡眠，故B項正確。

10.WhatdidWright'steamdiscoverfromtheirexperiment?

A.Thebodyclocksofthetwogroupsdidn'tshowmuchdifference.

B.Thebodyclocksofthosewhostayedathomeremainedthesame.

C.Thosestayingoutdoorsresettheclockinsidetheirbodiesovera

shortperiod.

D.Changestothebodyclockdon'tnecessarilyaffectmelatonin

levelsinourbodies.

答案與解析C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段的“Thistellsuswecan

resetourclocksfast”可知，實險結(jié)果表明，在自然環(huán)境中人體的生物

鐘能快速恢復(fù)。故C項正確。

11.Accordingtothepassage,tochangeoursleepinghabits,we'd

better.

A.setanalarmclocktowakeusupontimeinthemorning

B.trytoreducemelatoninlevelsasmuchaspossibleatnight

C.spendseveralweeksstayingintheopenaireverynowandthen

D.getexposedtomorenaturallightinthedaybutlessartificiallight

atnight

答案與解析D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知，如果

要改變睡眠模式，可以通過白天多接觸自然光、晚上避免接觸人工光

源的方式來實現(xiàn)，故D項正確。

閱讀理解D（2017.晉城二模）體裁：說明文話題：科普說明

難度：★★★★☆

Researchershavecreatedabackpackthathasacomputerand

medicinesinit.Theycanhelpevenuntrainedsoldierssavethelivesof

woundedtroops.Woundedsoldiershaveabetterchanceofsurvivalif

theygethelpsoonafterbeinghurtandarequicklytakentoahospitalor

clinic.Butsoldierswhodonothavemedicaltrainingmaynotknowhow

tohelptheirinjuredfriends.

Doctorsandengineershavedevelopedwhattheycallan"intelligent

backpack”.Ithasacomputerandelectronicmeasuringdevices.The

backpackalsohasroboticinstrumentsandmedicinesreadytogiveto

injuredtroops.

About16doctorsandengineersfromtheUniversityofPittsburgh,

CarnegieMellonUniversityandseveralotherplacesareworkingonthe

project.TheU.S.DepartmentofDefensehasgivenmoneytotheproject.

RonPoropatichleadstheproject.Heisaretiredarmysurgeon.He

saysthebackpackwillhelpsoldierscareforthosewhoareinjured.The

devicesincludedinthebackpackcanmonitoraperson'sheartrateand

bloodpressure.Theroboticinstrumentscaneventellwhetherthesoldier

hasacollapsedlung.

Theintelligentbackpack'scomputercancompareinformation

gatheredabouttheinjuredsoldierwiththousandsofsimilarcases,and

quicklytellthebestmethodstousetosavethesoldiefslife.

Sometimes,itisnotalwayspossibletoquicklyremovetheinjured

soldierfromthebattlefield.So,Dr.Poropatichsays,theresearchershope

tocreateabackpackthatwillhavedevicesthatcankeepasoldieralive

foralongtime.Dr.Poropatichhopesthebackpackanditsinstruments

willbereadyfortestingonanimalsinaboutthreeyears.

【語篇解讀】研究人員發(fā)明了一種緊急醫(yī)療護(hù)理包，可以幫助

受傷士兵得到及時的治療。

詞匯小得①retired。的.退休的；

②instrumentn.儀器；③monitorv.監(jiān)測；

?adjustv.調(diào)節(jié)；調(diào)整

12.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Thebackpackcanplayabigpartinthebattlefield.

B.Mostofthesoldierscan'tusethebackpackcorrectly.

C.Soldiersshouldhavetakenmedicaltraining.

D.Warorbattlehasbroughtharmtotheworld.

答案與解析A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的第一句可知，這個

裝有電腦和藥品的包裹是戰(zhàn)場傷員的福星，它可以幫助拯救傷員的生

命，故選項A正確。

13.Howmanykindsofitemsarementionedinthebackpack?

A.4.B.5.

C.3.D.2.

答案與解析A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，這個急救醫(yī)療

包中有電腦、電子測量設(shè)備、機(jī)械儀器、藥品，故選項A正確。

14.WhatcanweknowaccordingtoRonPoropatich?

A.Theprojectgotsupportfromthewholeworld.

B.Theroboticinstrumentscanmonitorlungs.

C.Theinjurer'sheartdiseasecanbecured.

D.Thedevicescanadjustsoldiers1bloodpressure.

答案與解析B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的最后一句可知，儀

器甚至可以檢查士兵是否肺功能衰羯，由此可知該儀器可以監(jiān)測士兵

的肺。故選B項。

15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ResearchersandTheirWonderfulDiscovery

B.MedicalCareTestedontheWoundedSoldiers

C.EmergencyMedicalCareinaBackpack

D.RoboticDevicesUsedintheBattlefield

答案與解析C主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，作者主要介紹了

一項新發(fā)明，即用于拯救受傷士兵的急救醫(yī)療包，故選項C正確。

閱讀七選五（2017?大慶三模）體裁：說明文話題：社會活動

難度：★★★☆☆

Haveyoueverconsideredvolunteering?Itgivesyouachanceto

giveback.Youllfeelasenseofpridethatyouarevolunteeringyourtime,

andalocalorganizationwillbenefit,too.Buthowtovolunteer?Follow

thethreestepsbeforeyouenjoyit.

Pickanorganization.]You'relikelytobehappierand

volunteerlongeralanorganizationthatsuppurlsacauseyoucareabout.

Forexample,ifyou'reinterestedinanimalwelfare,maybeyouwantto

volunteeratananimalshelter.Muchlikejobsearchsites,youcanalso

usevolunteerwebsiteslikeVolunteerMatchorStohelpyou

findvolunteeropportunitiesinyourarea.Ifyoustillcan'tnarrowdown

whereyouwanttovolunteer,startaskingpeopleyouknowwherethey

volunteer.2

Beclearwhatyoucanoffer.Firstidentifyyourskills.Forexample,

maybeyoucouldwritebrochuresforlocalnonprofitsifwritingisyour

style.3Youneedtobesurehowmuchtimeyoucangivetoan

organizationbasedon